高抗干扰智能型涡街流量计的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
涡街流量计是基于卡门涡街原理而设计的一种流量计,由于它具有其他流量
    计不可兼得的优点,自二十世纪七十年代以来得到了迅速的发展,据有关资料显
    示,现在日本、欧美等发达国家使用涡街流量计的比例大幅上升,已广泛应用于
    各个领域,将在未来流量仪表中占主导地位。
    但是现有的涡街流量计还存在着抗干扰性能差,流量计量下限高的不足,本
    文就这一问题进行研究。
    第一章阐述了流量计量技术的现状与发展,介绍了涡街流量计的工作原理,
    优缺点和研究现状,提出了提高抗干扰性的技术路线。
    第二章介绍了涡街流量计的组成,确定了在本课题中采用三角柱旋涡发生体
    和采用压电晶体作为应力检测传感器,提出了创新的悬浮差动式流量传感器
    构,分析了它抗干扰的工作原理,并取得了良好的实验结果。
    第三章阐述了现在使用的涡街流量信号处理方法的不足之处,确定了采用谱
    分析法处理涡街流量信号。分析了涡街流量信号的特点,设计了增益自适应差动
    电荷放大器并介绍了它的工作原理。
    第四章选择周期图法实现功率谱分析,采用优化了的基4算法实现快速傅里
    叶变换,并阐述了在单片机上的实现。用实验证实了本课题所设计的涡街流量计
    具有很高的抗干扰性和大的量程比。
    第五章阐述了利用现代先进的低功耗技术,实现了整个仪表系统的低功耗,
    这就使涡街流量计可以使用电池供电,工作在不适合于市电供电的场合。
    第六章阐述了涡街流量计利用单片机完成各种显示、控制及通信等功能,实
    现流量计的高度智能化。
    最后总结整个设计,并提出了进一步研究的内容。
    本文的创新之处在于采用悬浮差动式涡街流量传感器消弱了环境干扰,得到
    了幅值和频率相等,相位相差180°的差动信号;采用增益自适应差动电荷放大
    器消除了同向干扰,并输出接近A/D转换器满量程的信号;采用低功耗单片机实
    现了流量信号的功率谱分析,设计出了低功耗的智能涡街流量计。
Vortex flowmeter is designed on the basis of Karman vortex street principle. Because of excelling others in some aspects, it develops speedily from 1970's. Relevant data indicates that the proportion of the use of vortex flowmeter increases considerably in developed countries, such as Japan, European and American countries in recent years and it is widely applied to various fields.Vortex flowmeter will play a leading role in all kinds of flowmeters in the future.
    But existing vortex flowmeter has its own disadvantage.Its noise immunity is poor and its lower limit of measuring range is high.This thesis will research into this problem.
    In chapter one, the thesis expounds the recent developments in flow measuring, and describes the operational principle, advantages and disadvantages of the vortex flowmeter , and the current research on it. Technical proposal is also given in this chapter.
    In chapter two, describes the component of the vortex flowmeter , and determines to use triangular prism as vortex generator and piezocrystal as stress detecting sensor. A novel type of vortex sensor with suspending differential structure is brought forward . Then this thesis analyzes its operational principle . The experiment result is ideal.
    In chapter three, describes the limitation of the current method in vortex signal processing , determines to use spectral analysis technology for signal processing . Analyzes the characteristics of vortex signal , designs a differential charge amplifier with gain adaptive function, and analyzes its operational principle.
    In chapter four, selects periodogram realizes the power spectrum analysis , take advantage of Radix-4 algorithm to calculate FFT ,and describes the realization in MCU .The vortex flowmeter designed in this project has excellent noise immunity and wide measuring range ratio.
    In chapter five,describes the low-power realization by use of modern low-power technology.So the vortex flowmeter can be supplied by dry battery and applied in the zone where there isn't industrial electrical source .
    In chapter six, describes the vortex flowmeter realizes all kinds of controlling displaying and communication function. The vortex flowmeter is highly
    
    
    intelligent.
    At last ,summarized the total thesis and introduced some theories that need more researches.
    The innovation in this thesis is listed below:
    1) Attenuate the noise from circumstance and get the differential signal with the same intensity and frequency with 180° phase difference by use of the suspending differential vortex sensor;
    2) Eliminate the noise with the same direction and output the signal in the full range of the A/D converter by use of the gain adaptive charge amplifier;
    3) Realize the power spectrum analysis for the flow signal based on a low power MCU and design a smart vortex flowmeter with low power consumption.
引文
[1] 肖素琴、韩厚义编,质量流量计,中国石化出版社,1999
    [2] 川田裕郎等,流量测量手册,计量出版社,1982
    [3] 蔡武昌、孙淮清等,流量测量方法及仪表的选用,化学工业出版社,2001
    [4] 苏彦勋、李金海编,流量计量,计量出版社,1991 [5] 刘欣荣编,流量计,水利电力出版社,1990
    [5] 朱德祥主编,流量仪表原理和应用,华东化工学院出版社,1992
    [6] 苏彦勋,第一讲:流量计量与测试仪表发展的趋势,电子仪器仪表用户,1999.6
    [7] 王池,我国流量计量现状,现代计量测试,2000.2
    [8] 蔡武昌、孙淮清,容积式流量计的选用(一)(二),自动化仪表,1998.5,1998.6
    [9] 蔡武昌,质量式流量计的选用(一)(二),自动化仪表,1998.1,1998.2
    [10] 孙淮清,差压式流量计的选用(一)(二)(三),自动化仪表,1997.2,1997.3,1997.4
    [11] R.W.米勒,流量测量工程手册,机械工业出版社,1990
    [12] 蔡武昌,电磁流量计的选用(一)(二),自动化仪表,1997.9,1997.10
    [13] 蔡武昌,电磁流量计的现状和发展,世界仪表与自动化,1998.8
    [14] 蔡武昌,拜国良,超声流量计的选用,自动化仪表,1996.10
    [15] 蔡武昌,超声流量计的现状和发展,世界仪表与自动化,1998.2
    [16] 孙淮清,姜仲霞,涡街流量计(一)(二),自动化仪表,1998.9,1998.10
    [17] JJG 198—94速度式流量计检定规程
    [18] JB/T 9249-1999涡街流量传感器
    [19] 曹继和,卡门涡街的成因及涡街流量计的应用前景,计量技术,1997.5
    [20] Pankanin, Grzegorz L., Influence of vortex meter configuration on measure signal parameters, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Irvine, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, 337—340, 1993
    [21] A.Poremba And F. Blischke, Robust vortex flowmeter based on a parametric frequency estimator IEEE Transaction On Instrumentation And easurement,Vol.41,No.6, 1541-1544, 1992
    [22] Kawano, T., Miyata, T., Shikuya, N., Takahashi, S., Hondoh, M., Itoh, I., Biles, B., Intelligent vortex flowmeter, Conf. on Advances in Instrumentation and Control, ISA Services Inc, Research Triangle Pk, NC, 997—1009, 1992
    [23] Amadi-Echendu, J. E., Zhu, H. J., Higham, E.H., Analysis of signals from vortex flowmeters, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, No.4, Vol.4, 225—231, 1993
    [24] 蒙建波,朱林章,自适应频率测量方法(AMF)及其在涡街流量计中的应用,
    
    自动化学报,1992.5
    [25] 徐科军,涡街流量计输出信号谱分析方法比较,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1994.6
    [26] 徐科军,汪安民,基于小波变换的涡街流量计信号处理方法,仪器仪表学报,2001.12
    [27] 姜仲霞,流体振动流量计,世界仪表与自动化,1997.10
    [28] 蒙建波,朱麟章,流体振荡与管道振动对涡街流量频率测量的影响与自适应频率测量方法,自动化仪表,1992.12
    [29] 庞宣,邵朋诚,流量测量仪表 第七讲 旋涡流量计,工业仪表与自动化,1994.5
    [30] 李学南,涡街流量计工程应用问题及对策,微计算机信息,1998.4
    [31] 刘晖,涡街流量计抗震性能的研究,矿业研究与开发,1997.3
    [32] 姜仲霞,涡街流量计现场应用的干扰与对策,自动化仪表,1992.8
    [33] 黄长艺,严普强编,机械工程测试技术基础,机械工业出版社,1984
    [34] 孙玉杰,涡街流量计前置放大器的研制,东北电力技术,1998.8
    [35] 李香远,防爆型涡街流量计检测电路分析,矿业研究与开发,1997.11
    [36] 夏顺新,应力式涡街流量计测量原理及应用,电子技术应用,1991.12
    [37] 徐科军,基于DSP的涡街流量计和科氏质量流量计二次仪表,石油工业技术监督,2001.7
    [38] 徐科军,王枫,涡街流量计信号处理的软件方法,仪表技术与传感器,1995.4
    [39] 张崇巍,涡街流量计输入电路的设计,自动化仪表,1998.7
    [40] 张新尧,电荷放大器,应用电声技术,1994.3
    [41] 陈本华,传感器电荷放大器的特点和设计方法,电子计术应用,1991.12
    [42] 徐科军,吕迅竑等,基于DSP、具有谱分析功能的涡街流量计信号处理系统,仪器仪表学报,2001.6
    [43] 黄长艺,卢文祥,机械制造中的测试技术,机械工业出版社,1981
    [44] 黄世霖编,工程信号处理,人民交通出版社,1986
    [45] 宗孔德,胡广书编,数字信号处理,清华大学出版社,1988
    [45] 胡广书编,数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现,清华大学出版社,1997
    [46] SCHLATTER, Gerald, L.、Signal Processing Method and Apparatus for Flowmeter, WO 90 / 04230, 19 April 1990
    [47] ADSP-2181 REV. C, Analog Devices, 1997
    [48] 胡大可主编,MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
    [49] MSP430X13X,MSP430X14X Mixed Signal Microcontroller, TI, 2000
    
    
    [50] MSP430X1XX Family Application Book, TI, 2000
    [51] MSP430X1XX Family User's Guide, TI, 2000
    [52] Winograd S.On computing the discrete Fourier transform. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1976, 73 (Apr): 1005~1006
    [53] 陈建平,陆建新,李蕴华,快速傅立叶变化在数字信号处理器上的实现研究,南通工学院学报,2001.3
    [54] Choosing and Using FFTs for ADSP-21xx,Analog Devices, Engineer To Engineer Note EE-18
    [55] Implementing the Radix-4 Decimation in Frequency (DIF) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Algorithm Using a TMS320C80 DSP,TI, 1998
    [56] 曹余庚,钱国飞,李铁华,功率测量中应用FFT技术的研究,上海工业大学学报,1990.2
    [57] 金永贤,智能化电子产品的低功耗设计,华东交通大学学报,2001.1
    [58] 蔡忠见,智能仪器的低功耗设计,渝州大学学报(自然科学版),1997.4
    [59] 鲁荣清,论便携式智能设备的低功耗设计,电子科技大学学报,1995.3
    [60] 徐仪安等,数字集成电路的低功耗设计,通信学报,1999.7
    [61] 何为民编,低功耗单片微机系统设计,北京航空航天大学出版社,1993
    [62] Parhi, K.K. Approaches to low-power implementations of DSP systems, Circuits and Systems Ⅰ: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on,No. 10,P1214,2001
    [63] 周振安,浅谈单片机应用系统的低功耗设计,无线电,1998.1
    [64] 张进明,PIC单片机应用系统的低功耗设计,测控技术,No.6,P46,1998
    [65] De Lima, J.A., Dualibe, C. A linearly tunable low-voltage CMOS transconductor with improved common-mode stability and its application to g/sub m/-C filters Circuits and Systems Ⅱ: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions
    [66] 孟惠娟,微处理机系统的低功耗设计,湖州师范学院学报(自然科学),2000.6
    [67] 蔡美琴等编,MCS-51系列单片机系统及其应用,高等教育出版社,1992
    [68] 李勋等编,MCS-51系列CHMOS单片微型计算机原理及应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,1991
    [69] 刘振安,张培仁编,MCS-96系列单片微机原理与实践,中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
    [70] 金磐石,王永民编,Intel 96系列单片微型机应用详解,电子工业出版社,1992
    [71] 王义祥编,MCS-96单片机原理与应用,兵器工业出版社,1994
    
    
    [72] 梁合庆,梁韬编,MCS-96系列十六位单片微机实用手册,电子工业出版社,1995
    [73] 孙涵芳主编,Intel 16位单片机,北京航空航天大学出版社,1995
    [74] 王晓君 刘彦民等,MCS196系列单片机分类与选型指南,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001.4
    [75] 齐秋群、刚寒冰主编,16位单片机及其应用:MOTOROLAM68HC16系列,机械工业出版社,1995
    [76] 涂时亮主编,MC68HC05单片机原理.应用及技术手册,复旦大学出版社,1991
    [77] 贾正根,低功耗LCD,电子器件,2000.1
    [78] EPSON(中日)有限公司ED市场部,用于无源LCD产品的低功耗技术,电子产品世界,2000.2
    [79] 郑建英,孙坚,朱云,智能涡街流量计的研制,现代计量测试,1999.4
    [80] 王美玲、付梦印,适合于4~20mA电流环的3/2LCD显示表,仪器与仪表,2000.11
    [81] 王惠秋等,用7107数字显示0~10、4~20mA电流的计算方法,电测与仪表,1996.2
    [82] Jan Axelson著,精英科技译,串口端口大全,中国电力出版社,2001
    [83] 尹红等,单片机RS-485多机通信的实现,计算机应用,1999.1

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700