亚碧罗水电站泄水建筑物消能防冲试验研究
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摘要
泄洪消能一直是水利工作者在工程和科学研究中遇到的重要问题。亚碧罗水电站是怒江中下游河段规划中的第七个梯级电站,拦河坝最大坝高约为165.00m,为大(I)型一等工程。为验证工程枢纽布置的合理性及泄洪消能方案的可行性,通过建立工程整体模型,针对试验过程中出现的问题提出改进意见及措施,满足工程运行要求,提出优化方案。本文的主要工作包括以下内容:
本文首先对泄洪消能的应用和发展进行了回顾,阐述了窄缝消能工的研究现状及研究方法。以亚碧罗水电站消能防冲问题为研究对象,按重力相似准则建立几何比尺为1:100的正态水工整体模型,进行整体模型试验研究。
(1)研究了各泄洪建筑物的泄流能力。试验结果表明,各泄洪建筑物的泄流能力满足设计要求。
(2)研究了表孔和泄洪排沙底孔泄洪时局部流态。试验结果表明,表孔和泄洪排沙底孔泄洪时未发现异常的水流现象。
(3)研究了泄洪建筑物出口挑流消能工水舌的出流方向、挑射距离、入水角度、入水宽度等。通过试验提出了合理的消能工形式。
(4)研究了下游河道的冲淤、流速分布、水面波动等。给出了各种工况下游河道的最大冲坑深度和范围以及冲淤分布、河道流速分布和水面波动。
(5)根据试验研究结果及分析,对泄洪建筑物表孔和底孔体型的进一步优化提出了建议。
Energy dissipation is an important problem that water people study on and engineering application encounters. As the seventh stair station in the development project on Nujiang river,the Yabiluo hydropower station is a large scale (Ⅰ) and first class project whose the biggest height of the barrage is 165.00m. In order to prove the rationality in engineering pivot arrangement and the feasibility of project on energy dissipation , a integral model of this power station is built, based on the problems aroused in testing procedure, some suggestion and countermeasures are proposed for optimum design considering the safety in operation of the Yabiluo hydropower station.
The main task of this thesis is described as follow:
The article looks back the application and the development of the energy dissipation, and elaborates the present research situation and research methods of the narrow slit energy dissipation. In order to study the energy dissipation and erosion control problem of the Yabiluo hydropower, building the normality unitary hydraulic model according to the gravitation similarity criterion with the scale of 1:100 to carry out the unitary hydraulic model research.
The draw-off capacity of the release works has been studied. The results of the experiment indicate that the draw-off capability of the release works can satisfy the design requirements.
The partial flow conditions of the upper and bottom outlet when they are drawing-off are also been studied. The results indicate that abnormal flow conditions are not existed in it.
Something for example the flow direction, trajectory bucket distance of the energy dissipator nappe of the release works export are all studied and rational energy dissipator style has been suggested by the experiment.
The scouring and silting, velocity distribution and Water Surface Wave of the Downstream Channel are all studied and the biggest characteristic values of them are given.
According to the results and analysis of the experiment, the styles of the upper and bottom outlet have been optimized.
本文首先对泄洪消能的应用和发展进行了回顾,阐述了窄缝消能工的研究现状及研究方法。以亚碧罗水电站消能防冲问题为研究对象,按重力相似准则建立几何比尺为1:100的正态水工整体模型,进行整体模型试验研究。
(1)研究了各泄洪建筑物的泄流能力。试验结果表明,各泄洪建筑物的泄流能力满足设计要求。
(2)研究了表孔和泄洪排沙底孔泄洪时局部流态。试验结果表明,表孔和泄洪排沙底孔泄洪时未发现异常的水流现象。
(3)研究了泄洪建筑物出口挑流消能工水舌的出流方向、挑射距离、入水角度、入水宽度等。通过试验提出了合理的消能工形式。
(4)研究了下游河道的冲淤、流速分布、水面波动等。给出了各种工况下游河道的最大冲坑深度和范围以及冲淤分布、河道流速分布和水面波动。
(5)根据试验研究结果及分析,对泄洪建筑物表孔和底孔体型的进一步优化提出了建议。
Energy dissipation is an important problem that water people study on and engineering application encounters. As the seventh stair station in the development project on Nujiang river,the Yabiluo hydropower station is a large scale (Ⅰ) and first class project whose the biggest height of the barrage is 165.00m. In order to prove the rationality in engineering pivot arrangement and the feasibility of project on energy dissipation , a integral model of this power station is built, based on the problems aroused in testing procedure, some suggestion and countermeasures are proposed for optimum design considering the safety in operation of the Yabiluo hydropower station.
The main task of this thesis is described as follow:
The article looks back the application and the development of the energy dissipation, and elaborates the present research situation and research methods of the narrow slit energy dissipation. In order to study the energy dissipation and erosion control problem of the Yabiluo hydropower, building the normality unitary hydraulic model according to the gravitation similarity criterion with the scale of 1:100 to carry out the unitary hydraulic model research.
The draw-off capacity of the release works has been studied. The results of the experiment indicate that the draw-off capability of the release works can satisfy the design requirements.
The partial flow conditions of the upper and bottom outlet when they are drawing-off are also been studied. The results indicate that abnormal flow conditions are not existed in it.
Something for example the flow direction, trajectory bucket distance of the energy dissipator nappe of the release works export are all studied and rational energy dissipator style has been suggested by the experiment.
The scouring and silting, velocity distribution and Water Surface Wave of the Downstream Channel are all studied and the biggest characteristic values of them are given.
According to the results and analysis of the experiment, the styles of the upper and bottom outlet have been optimized.
引文
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[2]武汉水利电力学院水力学教研室编,水力学,北京:人民教育出版社,1975
[3]李建中,宁利中,高速水力学,西安:西北工业大学出版社,1994
[4]王世夏,水工设计的理论和方法,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000
[5]水利电力部水利水电规划设计院,水工设计手册6,泄水与过坝建筑物,北京:水利电力出版社,1982
[6]中国标准企业联合会标准化部,电力工业标准汇编(水电卷),水工,北京:水利电力出版社,1995
[7]长江科学院,泄水建筑物下游消能防冲问题,1980.10
[8]杨永全,高速水力学,成都:成都科技大学水科所,高速水流研究室,1987.4
[9] Semenkov VM. ,Large-capacity Outlets and Spillways Transaction of the 13th ICOLD. New Delhi,India,1979:288-295
[10]许唯临,邓军,曲景学,刘善均,掺气射流的冲刷,成都:四川大学出版社,2003.1
[11]刘士和,高速水力学,北京:科学出版社,2005
[12]朱亚琴,舌型挑流鼻坎水力特性研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:四川大学,2004
[13]陈椿庭,关于高坝泄洪消能的若干进展,水力水电技术进展(第一册),水力出版社,1980.9
[14]清华大学教研组,水力学(下册),人民教育出版社:1981.7
[15]童显武,高水头泄水建筑物收缩式消能工,中国农业科技出版社,2000
[16]王建超,冲击式消力墩水力特性研究:[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2007
[17]吴持恭,水力学(下册),高等教育出版社:2003.11
[18]陈椿庭主编,《高坝大流量泄洪建筑物》,北京:水利水电出版社,1988年
[19]胡自兴,面流消能在我国大坝建设中的应用,《泄水建筑物消能防冲论文集》,北京:水利出版社,1980.11:255~274
[20]高速水流研究报告汇编,水利电力部《泄水建筑物高速水流问题研究与总结组》,1987
[21]肖兴斌,高坝泄洪消能研究应用新发展述评,四川水力发电,1995.12:60~64
[22]欧阳福生,艾克明,林珍喜等,宽尾墩联合消能在中低水头工程中的应用,工程实践,2007(5):57~59
[23]杨永全,刘善均,许唯临等,溪洛渡水电站5#非常泄洪洞洞塞消能方案水工模型实验研究,金沙江溪洛渡水电站可行性研究报告,四川大学高速水力学国家重点实验室,国家电力公司成都勘测设计研究院,2001.9
[24]倪汉根,高效消能工,大连:大连理工大学出版社,2000.10
[25]肖兴斌,窄缝式消能工在高坝消能中的应用与发展综述,水电站设计,第20卷第3期,2004.9:76~81
[26]王治祥,窄缝式挑坎强化消能与体型问题研究,红水河,1994.02:24~31
[27]高季章,窄缝式消能工的消能特性和体型研究,《水利水电科学研究论文集》第13集,北京:水利电力出版社,1983:213～236
[28]解守根、易保仁,龙羊峡水电站岸边溢洪道的水力设计,水力发电,1987.08:13～17
[29]童显武,苏详林,东江滑雪式溢洪道窄缝式消能工的试验研究,水力发电,1988.06:41～44
[30]宁利中、戴振霖,窄缝式消能工的水力设计,水利水电混凝土坝技术情报网,1989:176～186
[31]高季章,窄缝挑坎侧墙动水压力的初步研究,水利水电科学研究论文集,北京:水利水电出版社,1968
[32]高季章,窄缝式消能工的消能特性和体型研究,水利水电科学研究论文集,北京:水利水电出版社,1968
[33]章福仪,陈美法,窄缝挑坎倾角对射流扩散减冲效果试验和挑距计算,水利学报,1993.11:71～85
[34]杨纪元,窄缝挑坎水舌挑距的计算方法,全国高水头泄水建筑物水力学问题论文集,北京:水利水电出版社,1978
[35]张彦发、吴文平,窄缝挑坎水面线及水舌挑距的试验研究,水利学报,1989.05:14～21
[36]黄智敏、翁情达,窄缝挑坎收缩段急流冲击波特性的探讨,水利水电技术,1989.08:11～15
[37]章福仪,高坝深孔收缩式挑坎射流扩散及冲刷的试验研究,水利学报,1986.12:49～54
[38]章福仪,峡谷河段高拱坝泄洪消能的研究,水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集,北京:水利水电出版社,1987.07
[39]杨首龙,高坝溢流面窄缝水流水力计算方法初探,水力发电,1989.07:48～51
[40]戴振霖,宁利中,窄缝消能工水力设计中几个问题的研究,西安理工大学学报,1987.02:74～85
[41]李桂芬,刘清朝,收缩式消能工的数值计算,水力发电,1988.06:12-15
[42]张海龙,窄缝收缩段水流特性及数值模拟:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安理工大学,2007
[43]王宏项,翁情达,水工建筑物专题部分,北京:水利电力出版社,1991
[44]惠遇甲,王桂仙,河工模型试验,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[45]田嘉宁,泄水建筑物体形设计,西安:西安理工大学出版社,1998
[46]夏毓常,张黎明,水工水力学原型观测与模型试验,北京:中国电力出版社,1999
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