化学与物理复合降粘及解堵机理研究
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摘要
稠油作为难动用储量已经逐渐被重视,其开采的关键就是降低其粘度。本文首先介绍了稠油及其油藏特有的性质,说明了稠油高粘的实质。总结了目前稠油降粘的方法或技术及其作用机理,总结了各种降粘技术的优缺点,从而提出了本课题研究的主题。课题运用室内实验、理论分析、理论计算、现场试验方法进行研究,对同种油样分别优选最佳降粘剂浓度、油水比,筛选了降粘效果好,经济实用的一种降粘剂,并从乳状液稳定性、成本对降粘剂作了评价实验,得出了最佳降粘剂及其配方;利用生物显微镜观察了降粘剂对三种油样的乳状液形态,从微观上解释了脉冲波动作用与化学复合降粘的可行性;运用室内模拟实验研究了振动剪切作用对油水乳状液的协同作用,并从宏观和微观角度解释了复合乳化降粘机理,从机理上得出压力脉冲复合化学降粘是可行的,通过现场试验研究了复合降粘解堵工艺,并对现场施工参数进行了理论计算,对该技术的适应性作了评价。进一步深入提出了该技术与热化学复合对稠油井的吞吐式解堵降粘技术。本技术的应用前景广阔,并且为其他复合技术提供了研究思路。
The heavy oil is going to be counted as hard reserves; the visbreaking is the key to exploit it. The paper introduced the character of heavy oil and its reservoir, illustrated the nature of high viscosity,and generalized the ways or technique of visbreaking at present, obtained their advantage and disadvantage. So the paper’s theme is produced. The methods of study are laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, theoretical calculation and field trial. The best consistence and oil/water ratio of profitable thinning agent are optimized according to the same sample, evaluated the stability of emulsion and cost of the thinning agent, and then the best formulae of thinning agent is screened. The modalities of emulsion to three samples are studied by the biological-microscope, and expounded the capability of pulse wave compounding chemistry from microscope. The synergetic effect of shear action to emulsification is studied by simulated experiment, and expounded the mechanism of compounding visbreaking from macroscopy and microscope. The pressure pulse compounding chemistry is feasible from the mechanism. The methodology of compounding visbreaking and broken down is studied by field trial, calculated the construction parameters, and evaluated the adaptability of the technique. The visbreaking and broken down technique of the technique compounding heat chemistry is produced for heavy oil well. The appliance foreground of the technique is wide, and provided research approach for other techniques.
The heavy oil is going to be counted as hard reserves; the visbreaking is the key to exploit it. The paper introduced the character of heavy oil and its reservoir, illustrated the nature of high viscosity,and generalized the ways or technique of visbreaking at present, obtained their advantage and disadvantage. So the paper’s theme is produced. The methods of study are laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, theoretical calculation and field trial. The best consistence and oil/water ratio of profitable thinning agent are optimized according to the same sample, evaluated the stability of emulsion and cost of the thinning agent, and then the best formulae of thinning agent is screened. The modalities of emulsion to three samples are studied by the biological-microscope, and expounded the capability of pulse wave compounding chemistry from microscope. The synergetic effect of shear action to emulsification is studied by simulated experiment, and expounded the mechanism of compounding visbreaking from macroscopy and microscope. The pressure pulse compounding chemistry is feasible from the mechanism. The methodology of compounding visbreaking and broken down is studied by field trial, calculated the construction parameters, and evaluated the adaptability of the technique. The visbreaking and broken down technique of the technique compounding heat chemistry is produced for heavy oil well. The appliance foreground of the technique is wide, and provided research approach for other techniques.
引文
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[30] N.Senglet C.Williams, D.Faure T.Des couriers and R.Guilard.FUEL:1990. Vol.69 January:72～77
[31] Leontaritis K J. A systematic approach for the prevention and treatment of formation damage caused by asphaltene deposition [J].SPE Production & Facilities August ,1994 :157~114
[32] Peter E,Clark,Ali Pilenhvarn.原油在水中乳状液的特性[J].国外油气田工程,1997,11:28~34
[33] 张帆,王福宾,张石兴.油水乳状液性质及其影响因素[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(12):2~3
[34] 梁发书,李建波,任洪明.稠油降粘剂的室内研究[J].石油与天然气化工,30(2)
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[40] 张又祥,张喜瑞,郭洪军等.稠油物化降粘技术研究与应用[J].特种油气藏,2001,8
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[42] 尚思贤,赵芳茹,徐多悟等.克拉玛依浅层稠油油藏化学降粘辅助吞吐技术的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(2)
[43] 田建儒,王君秋,刘碧锋等.流速对井筒降粘及地面油水混输管线降粘的影响[J].钻采工艺,2003,27(2)
[44] 卿鹏程,闫长生,张飘石.中高含水油井新型清防蜡降粘剂 MH-20 的研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(2)
[45] 王国造,王术合,膝保义.小断块稠油井井筒降粘技术探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,1995,17(3)
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[49] 彭朴.采油用表面活性剂.化学工业出版社
[50] 范洪富,刘永建,赵晓非等.金属盐对辽河稠油水热裂解反应影响研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,2001,29(5)
[51] 刘永建,钟立国,范洪富等.稠油的水热裂解反应及其降粘机理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3)
[52] Nael N Zaki.Surfactant stabilized crude 0i1-in-water for Pipeline transport -tation of vicious crude 0i1[J].Collide and Surfaces,1 997,125:19~25
[53] RudinJ,WasanD T.Surfactant-Enhanced Alkaline Flooding: Buffering at Intermediate pH.SPE21027,1991
[54] Mitchell TI. Field application of a chemical heat and nitrogen generating system[C].SPE12776,1984:423~428
[55] K.F.Kesser.Analysis of a Basic chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Power Plant.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,April 1994, 116~277
[56] 孙秀英,黄国忠,李艾红等.油井动液面的求解方程推导及应用[J].河南石油,2004,第18卷增刊:54~55
[57] 崔振华,余国安,安锦高等.有杆抽油系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1994: 19~21
[58] S.T. Adelman,M.Hoffman.A Methane-Seformer for a Basic Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Transactions of the ASME.16/vol ,117,January 1995
[2] 阎向雄,张亚萍.油气田地面工程,1996,15(5) :20~21
[3] 王阳恩,杨民铭,凌向虎.油气田地面工程,2002,21(3):61~62
[4] 王阳恩,程衍富,凌向虎.油气储运,1999,18(4):10~11
[5] 程存弟.超声技术——功率超声及其应用.西安:陕西师范人学出版社, 1993
[6] 李兆敏,林日亿,张平等.水动力学研究与进展.2004,A 辑 19(4):463 ~ 468
[7] 孙仁远,王连保,彭秀君等.油气田地面工程,2001,20(5):22~23
[8] 郑茂俊,严炽培,马荔.超声波降粘、防蜡的机理分析[J].油气田地面工程,1996,7:15卷4期
[9] 高内坤,李文甫,李华等.油气田地面工程,1999,18(3):20~21
[10] 杨文军.特种油气藏,2003,10(2):67~ 68
[11] 朱林,熊滨沙,曲哲.油气田地面工程,1994,13(1):27~ 31
[12] 纪永波.石油规划设计,1994,5(4):46~48
[13] 王晓华.磁降凝降粘技术的研究与应用[硕士论文].大庆:大庆石油学院
[14] 洪建荣,秦永华,路斌等.石油钻采工艺,1994,16(7) :90~ 92
[15] 蒋华义,路庆良.油气储运,2004,23(5):34~ 37
[16] 王颖.稠油微波加热降粘机理的研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院电子学院研究所,2002
[17] 金钦汉,戴树珊,黄卡玛.微波化学.北京:科学出版社,1999
[18] 班志强,姚建豪,补福.测井技术,2002,26(3):238~241
[19] 宋建平,陈建华,刘斌.石油钻采工艺,1994,16(6):81~87
[20] 尉小明,郑猛,白永林.稠油掺表面活性剂水溶液降粘机理研究[J].特种油气藏,2004,11卷4期
[21] 赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1988:147~151
[22] 赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1984:382~408
[23] 黄敏,李芳田,史足华.稠油降粘剂 D JH-1(J).油田化学,2000:17(2):137 ~139
[24] 周风山,吴瑾光.稠油化学降粘技术研究进展[J].油田化学,2001,18(3)
[25] 周风山,吴瑾光.稠油的类乳化复合降粘作用机理[J].油田化学,2002,19 (4)
[26] 李建波,梁发书,郭川梅等.稠油降粘剂的合成及其作用机理分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(1)
[27] 刘永建,钟立国,范洪富等.稠油的水热裂解反应及其降粘机理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):95~98
[28] David A .Storm, Rond J.Barresi and Stephen J.Decanio.Colloidal Nature Of Vacuum Residue.FUEL:1991, Vol,70,June:779～782
[29] Shenghua Li, Chenguang Liu, Guohe Que.Colloildal Structures Of Three Petroleum Vacuum Resides.FULE:1996, Vol.69 January :72～77
[30] N.Senglet C.Williams, D.Faure T.Des couriers and R.Guilard.FUEL:1990. Vol.69 January:72～77
[31] Leontaritis K J. A systematic approach for the prevention and treatment of formation damage caused by asphaltene deposition [J].SPE Production & Facilities August ,1994 :157~114
[32] Peter E,Clark,Ali Pilenhvarn.原油在水中乳状液的特性[J].国外油气田工程,1997,11:28~34
[33] 张帆,王福宾,张石兴.油水乳状液性质及其影响因素[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(12):2~3
[34] 梁发书,李建波,任洪明.稠油降粘剂的室内研究[J].石油与天然气化工,30(2)
[35] 谢慧专,刘淑霍等.稠油开采用耐高温乳化降粘剂[J].精细石油化工,1994,32~37
[36] 王世虎,孙克己,曹嫣镇等.用化学方法改进稠油开采效果的技术[J].油田化学,2002,19(3)
[37] 马文辉,刘宪红,梁梦兰等.耐低温稠油乳化降粘剂及其 O/W 型乳状液流变性研究[J].2002,18(1)
[38] 李孟洲,尉小明.新型高效稠油/超稠油水基降粘剂研制思路及方法[J].应用化工,2003,32(5)
[39] 陈秋芬,王大喜,刘然冰.油溶性稠油降粘剂研究进展[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(2)
[40] 张又祥,张喜瑞,郭洪军等.稠油物化降粘技术研究与应用[J].特种油气藏,2001,8
[41] 贾文玲,付国光.稠油降粘剂降粘效果测定标准的探讨[J]
[42] 尚思贤,赵芳茹,徐多悟等.克拉玛依浅层稠油油藏化学降粘辅助吞吐技术的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(2)
[43] 田建儒,王君秋,刘碧锋等.流速对井筒降粘及地面油水混输管线降粘的影响[J].钻采工艺,2003,27(2)
[44] 卿鹏程,闫长生,张飘石.中高含水油井新型清防蜡降粘剂 MH-20 的研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(2)
[45] 王国造,王术合,膝保义.小断块稠油井井筒降粘技术探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,1995,17(3)
[46] 张瑞伏,岳玉堂.特稠油井筒降粘工艺技术的试验[J].特种气藏,1994, 1(1)
[47] 康志勇.辽河油区稠油分类及其储量等级划分[J].特种油气藏,1996, 3(2)
[48] 周俊杰,吴杰生,杨玉杰等.大港油田稠油、超稠油油藏冷采工艺技术[J].技术论坛,2004,7
[49] 彭朴.采油用表面活性剂.化学工业出版社
[50] 范洪富,刘永建,赵晓非等.金属盐对辽河稠油水热裂解反应影响研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,2001,29(5)
[51] 刘永建,钟立国,范洪富等.稠油的水热裂解反应及其降粘机理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3)
[52] Nael N Zaki.Surfactant stabilized crude 0i1-in-water for Pipeline transport -tation of vicious crude 0i1[J].Collide and Surfaces,1 997,125:19~25
[53] RudinJ,WasanD T.Surfactant-Enhanced Alkaline Flooding: Buffering at Intermediate pH.SPE21027,1991
[54] Mitchell TI. Field application of a chemical heat and nitrogen generating system[C].SPE12776,1984:423~428
[55] K.F.Kesser.Analysis of a Basic chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Power Plant.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,April 1994, 116~277
[56] 孙秀英,黄国忠,李艾红等.油井动液面的求解方程推导及应用[J].河南石油,2004,第18卷增刊:54~55
[57] 崔振华,余国安,安锦高等.有杆抽油系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1994: 19~21
[58] S.T. Adelman,M.Hoffman.A Methane-Seformer for a Basic Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Transactions of the ASME.16/vol ,117,January 1995