钱塘江河口围涂工程对涌潮影响的数值研究
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摘要
涌潮是水力学、水波动力学研究的一个热点。人类活动对涌潮的影响已不容忽视,随着社会文明的发展和进步,涌潮已作为一项不可多得的自然景观和旅游资源越来越受到人们的重视和保护。因此,涌潮研究不仅需要研究涌潮本身的特性,更需采用适宜的研究方法来分析预测人类活动对其影响,从而采取有效措施保护涌潮。
数值模拟是研究涌潮的重要手段,本文建立了KFVS(Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting)格式的平面二维涌潮数学模型,用近年来的涌潮实测资料对模型进行了较好的验证。不仅模拟了钱塘江涌潮的产生、发展、衰减的过程,而且成功地复演了一线潮、交叉潮、回头潮等潮景,分析了钱塘江涌潮的特性。数学模型研究计算表明,涌潮沿程形成不同的潮景,涌潮高度约3m,出现在盐官和大缺口一带,最大流速达6～8m/s,主要分布于弯道的凸岸,出现在涌潮到达后的5～40分钟不等,涌潮传播速度达4～7m/s。
首次采用数值模拟方法研究了河口围涂工程对涌潮的影响,并预测了海宁三期拟建围涂工程条件下涌潮的变化。计算表明:海宁三期围涂工程的实施不会影响涌潮形成的基本条件,但围涂后,大缺口至曹娥江口河段高潮位有所抬高、低潮位变化不大,潮差略有增大,盐官、大缺口、曹娥江口断面涨潮历时缩短2～5分钟。在走南河势下,盐官和大缺口的涌潮高度分别增加0.09m和0.23m;涌潮到达的时间提前3分钟;涌潮最大流速增大5%左右;对潮景的影响较小,一线潮更加壮观、尖山附近的交叉潮位置下移,老盐仓附近的回头潮基本不变;另外,涌潮对海塘的压力也会相应增大。
The research of tidal bore has long been a hotspot in hydrodynamics and wave dynamics. The impact of human activities on the tidal bore can not be ignored. With the development and progress of social civilization, the tidal bore is regard as the rare natural scenery and tourist resources in the world, to which people pay more attention. Therefore, the research focus of the tidal bore is not only its own characteristics, but also finding appropriate research methods to analyze and forecast the impact of human activities, thus effective measures and methods can be taken to protect the tidal bore.
Mathematical model is an important means of studying tidal bore. 2D numerical model of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River was developed by using KFVS (Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting) scheme in this paper. Based on the good agreement between the observed and computed data on the tidal bore, the model was employed to simulate the formation, evolution and dissipation of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River, and replicate some sceneries of the tidal bore, such as the thread-shape bore ,cross-shape bore and returned bore. The characteristics of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River was analyzed.The computational results of the mathematical model showed that there are different sceneries of the tidal bore along the Qiantang River. The maximum bore height is up to 3m,appearing at the reach from Yanguan to Daquekou. The maximum fluid velocity of the tidal bore is up to 6～8m/s, emerging about 5～40 minutes after the arrival of the tidal bore, mainly locating in the convex bank of curve shore. The propagation speed of the tidal bore is up to 4～7m/s.
It is the first time to study the impact of reclamation project on the tidal bore, and the model predicted the effect of the third Hailing reclamation project on the tidal bore. The third Hailing reclamation project would not affect the basic formation conditions of the tidal bore.. However, after the construction of the reclamation project, the high tidal level raises a little and the low tidal level changes little, the tidal range increases slightly from the reach of Daquekou to Cao'e River mouth. The flood tidal duration at Yanguan, Daquekou and Cao'e River mouth is shorter 2～5 minutes than that before the construction of the project. When the main channel goes south at Jianshan reach, the bore height at Daquekou and Yanguan increases by 0.23m and 0.09m separately After the construction of the project, the bore arrival time advances about three minutes, the maximum fluid velocity of the bore increases 5%. The effect of the project on the sceneries of the tidal bore is a little. A thread-shape tidal bore in Yanguan reach will be grander, the location happened a crossed tidal bore near Jianshan moves downstream, and returned tidal bore near Laoyancang does not change. In addition, the impact force of the tidal bore on the levee will increase.
数值模拟是研究涌潮的重要手段,本文建立了KFVS(Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting)格式的平面二维涌潮数学模型,用近年来的涌潮实测资料对模型进行了较好的验证。不仅模拟了钱塘江涌潮的产生、发展、衰减的过程,而且成功地复演了一线潮、交叉潮、回头潮等潮景,分析了钱塘江涌潮的特性。数学模型研究计算表明,涌潮沿程形成不同的潮景,涌潮高度约3m,出现在盐官和大缺口一带,最大流速达6～8m/s,主要分布于弯道的凸岸,出现在涌潮到达后的5～40分钟不等,涌潮传播速度达4～7m/s。
首次采用数值模拟方法研究了河口围涂工程对涌潮的影响,并预测了海宁三期拟建围涂工程条件下涌潮的变化。计算表明:海宁三期围涂工程的实施不会影响涌潮形成的基本条件,但围涂后,大缺口至曹娥江口河段高潮位有所抬高、低潮位变化不大,潮差略有增大,盐官、大缺口、曹娥江口断面涨潮历时缩短2～5分钟。在走南河势下,盐官和大缺口的涌潮高度分别增加0.09m和0.23m;涌潮到达的时间提前3分钟;涌潮最大流速增大5%左右;对潮景的影响较小,一线潮更加壮观、尖山附近的交叉潮位置下移,老盐仓附近的回头潮基本不变;另外,涌潮对海塘的压力也会相应增大。
The research of tidal bore has long been a hotspot in hydrodynamics and wave dynamics. The impact of human activities on the tidal bore can not be ignored. With the development and progress of social civilization, the tidal bore is regard as the rare natural scenery and tourist resources in the world, to which people pay more attention. Therefore, the research focus of the tidal bore is not only its own characteristics, but also finding appropriate research methods to analyze and forecast the impact of human activities, thus effective measures and methods can be taken to protect the tidal bore.
Mathematical model is an important means of studying tidal bore. 2D numerical model of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River was developed by using KFVS (Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting) scheme in this paper. Based on the good agreement between the observed and computed data on the tidal bore, the model was employed to simulate the formation, evolution and dissipation of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River, and replicate some sceneries of the tidal bore, such as the thread-shape bore ,cross-shape bore and returned bore. The characteristics of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River was analyzed.The computational results of the mathematical model showed that there are different sceneries of the tidal bore along the Qiantang River. The maximum bore height is up to 3m,appearing at the reach from Yanguan to Daquekou. The maximum fluid velocity of the tidal bore is up to 6～8m/s, emerging about 5～40 minutes after the arrival of the tidal bore, mainly locating in the convex bank of curve shore. The propagation speed of the tidal bore is up to 4～7m/s.
It is the first time to study the impact of reclamation project on the tidal bore, and the model predicted the effect of the third Hailing reclamation project on the tidal bore. The third Hailing reclamation project would not affect the basic formation conditions of the tidal bore.. However, after the construction of the reclamation project, the high tidal level raises a little and the low tidal level changes little, the tidal range increases slightly from the reach of Daquekou to Cao'e River mouth. The flood tidal duration at Yanguan, Daquekou and Cao'e River mouth is shorter 2～5 minutes than that before the construction of the project. When the main channel goes south at Jianshan reach, the bore height at Daquekou and Yanguan increases by 0.23m and 0.09m separately After the construction of the project, the bore arrival time advances about three minutes, the maximum fluid velocity of the bore increases 5%. The effect of the project on the sceneries of the tidal bore is a little. A thread-shape tidal bore in Yanguan reach will be grander, the location happened a crossed tidal bore near Jianshan moves downstream, and returned tidal bore near Laoyancang does not change. In addition, the impact force of the tidal bore on the levee will increase.
引文
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[4]陈来华.钱塘江河口大规模治江围涂后对涌潮高度的影响[J],水科学进展,2007,Vol.18,No.3,385-389.
[5]曾剑,孙志林,熊绍隆.钱塘江河口建桥对涌潮的影响研究[J],浙江大学学报,2006,40(9):1574-1637.
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