沉管隧道基础注浆效果等比例模型试验研究
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摘要
舟山沈家门港隧道为国内首次采用沉管法施工的海洋水下隧道,基础采用管内注浆法进行处理。目前国内对大型沉管隧道混凝土管段水下注浆基础处理的施工工艺、作用机理、应用效果等方面的研究较少,没有类似的工程实施经验。为了研究沉管隧道基础注浆的相关工艺参数以及无损监测方法的适用性、可靠性,建立快速、简便、准确和经济的注浆充填效果无损探测方法,本文对舟山沈家门海底沉管隧道注浆进行了等比例模型试验研究,建立了充填效果的实时监测方法和评价系统。研究内容主要分为两部分:
1、现场注浆模型试验:根据已确定的配合比、基础及管段设计几何条件、基槽及其回淤条件及现场工况进行等比例模型试验,研究注浆扩散特性、砂浆强度特性,监测注浆压力、注浆量、扩散半径等数据,分析相互之间的关系,提出适合舟山沈家门沉管隧道管底注浆的相关施工工艺要求和参数。
2、现场注浆效果检测与评价方法研究:采用探地雷达、面波仪等无损检测的方法,对注浆充填效果进行检测,与观察的结果进行比较,探索出沉管管底注浆充填效果无损探测方法。
试验研究表明:模型试验注浆压力最大值10kPa,注浆管横向方向孔间距为6m,纵向方向孔间距为5.75m,可达到了预定注浆充填范围同时确保了隧道管段的总体抗浮性能。采用探地雷达法、面波法均可有效检测注浆过程浆液流动状态并推断浆液扩散到达的界面位置。相比较而言,面波法更为直观、可靠。
Zhoushan Shenjiamen Harbour tunnel is the domestic first ocean underwater tunnels using immersed tube construction method. Its foundation will be treated by tube grouting method. At present, the problems of underwater foundation grouting process for the large-scale concrete tube sections of immersed tube tunnel, which include construction technology, function mechanism, application effect and other related aspects, are studied less in our country. There is no similar experience of engineering practice. In order to study the related technology parameters of foundation grouting and the applicability and reliability of non-destructive monitoring methods for immersed tube tunnel, and then establishing a rapid, simple, accurate and economic non-destructive method for detecting grouting effect, the same scale model test of foundation grouting has been carried out for Zhoushan Shenjiamen Harbour immersed tube tunnel, real-time monitoring methods and evaluation systems of the filling effect have been established in this paper. The research contents are divided into two parts as follows:
1. Field grouting model test: Based on determined grout mix, designed geometry size of foundation and tube, foundation trench and its back silting conditions and on-site working conditions, the same scale model test have been using in studying the diffusion characteristics of grouting, strength characteristics of mortar, monitoring some data (such as grouting pressure, grouting volume and diffusion radius etc.) and their relationship analysis. The relevant technology requirements and parameters of foundation grouting construction have been proposed for Zhoushan Shenjiamen immersed tube tunnel.
2. Research on method of detection and evaluation for on-site grouting effect: The effect of grouting has been detected using non-destructive testing method (such as ground-penetrating radar and surface wave instrument, etc.). By compared with the results of observations, the non-destructive detection method of grouting filling effect for immersed tube bottom has been explored.
Test studies have shown that can reach a predetermined range of grouting and ensure general anti-floating performance of tunnel tube sections when the maximum grouting pressure is 10kPa in the model test, the horizontal direction distance is 6m and the longitudinal direction distance is 5.75m for the grouting pipe hole. It can detect effectively flow state of grout and infer grout spread to reach the interface position in the grouting process using ground-penetrating radar and surface wave method. In comparison, the surface wave method is more intuitive and reliable.
1、现场注浆模型试验:根据已确定的配合比、基础及管段设计几何条件、基槽及其回淤条件及现场工况进行等比例模型试验,研究注浆扩散特性、砂浆强度特性,监测注浆压力、注浆量、扩散半径等数据,分析相互之间的关系,提出适合舟山沈家门沉管隧道管底注浆的相关施工工艺要求和参数。
2、现场注浆效果检测与评价方法研究:采用探地雷达、面波仪等无损检测的方法,对注浆充填效果进行检测,与观察的结果进行比较,探索出沉管管底注浆充填效果无损探测方法。
试验研究表明:模型试验注浆压力最大值10kPa,注浆管横向方向孔间距为6m,纵向方向孔间距为5.75m,可达到了预定注浆充填范围同时确保了隧道管段的总体抗浮性能。采用探地雷达法、面波法均可有效检测注浆过程浆液流动状态并推断浆液扩散到达的界面位置。相比较而言,面波法更为直观、可靠。
Zhoushan Shenjiamen Harbour tunnel is the domestic first ocean underwater tunnels using immersed tube construction method. Its foundation will be treated by tube grouting method. At present, the problems of underwater foundation grouting process for the large-scale concrete tube sections of immersed tube tunnel, which include construction technology, function mechanism, application effect and other related aspects, are studied less in our country. There is no similar experience of engineering practice. In order to study the related technology parameters of foundation grouting and the applicability and reliability of non-destructive monitoring methods for immersed tube tunnel, and then establishing a rapid, simple, accurate and economic non-destructive method for detecting grouting effect, the same scale model test of foundation grouting has been carried out for Zhoushan Shenjiamen Harbour immersed tube tunnel, real-time monitoring methods and evaluation systems of the filling effect have been established in this paper. The research contents are divided into two parts as follows:
1. Field grouting model test: Based on determined grout mix, designed geometry size of foundation and tube, foundation trench and its back silting conditions and on-site working conditions, the same scale model test have been using in studying the diffusion characteristics of grouting, strength characteristics of mortar, monitoring some data (such as grouting pressure, grouting volume and diffusion radius etc.) and their relationship analysis. The relevant technology requirements and parameters of foundation grouting construction have been proposed for Zhoushan Shenjiamen immersed tube tunnel.
2. Research on method of detection and evaluation for on-site grouting effect: The effect of grouting has been detected using non-destructive testing method (such as ground-penetrating radar and surface wave instrument, etc.). By compared with the results of observations, the non-destructive detection method of grouting filling effect for immersed tube bottom has been explored.
Test studies have shown that can reach a predetermined range of grouting and ensure general anti-floating performance of tunnel tube sections when the maximum grouting pressure is 10kPa in the model test, the horizontal direction distance is 6m and the longitudinal direction distance is 5.75m for the grouting pipe hole. It can detect effectively flow state of grout and infer grout spread to reach the interface position in the grouting process using ground-penetrating radar and surface wave method. In comparison, the surface wave method is more intuitive and reliable.
引文
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[5]唐健.沉管隧道基础处理方法浅析[J].铁道勘察与设计,2004,(3):67-69.
[6]王梦恕,皇甫明.海底隧道修建中的关键问题[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(4):1-4.
[7]孙钧.海底隧道工程设计施工若干关键技术的商榷[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1513-1521.
[8]宋克志,王梦恕.国内外水下隧道修建技术发展动态及其对渤海海峡跨海通道建设的经验借鉴[J].鲁东大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(2):182-187.
[9]杜朝伟,王秀英.水下隧道沉管法设计与施工关键技术[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(7):76-80.
[10] John O. Bickel, Kuesel T. R. Tunnel engineering handbook[M]. New York :Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982.
[11]杨米加.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2001, 20(6):839-842.
[12]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001, 115-118.
[13]阮文军.基于浆液粘度时变性的岩体裂隙注浆扩散模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2709-2714.
[14]白云,侯学渊.软上地基劈裂灌浆加固的机理和应用[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(3):89-93.
[15]陈进杰,王祥琴.劈裂灌浆及其效果分析[J],石家庄铁道学院学报,1995,8(2):124-129.
[16]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼.劈裂注浆扩散半径及压力衰减分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(3): 314-319.
[17]邹金锋等.土体劈裂灌浆力学机理分析[J],岩土力学,2006,27(4):625-629.
[18]王哲,龚晓南.劈裂注浆法在运营铁路软土地基处理中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(09):1619-1623.
[19]张忠苗,邹健.桩底劈裂注浆扩散半径和注浆压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):181~185.
[20]杨秀竹,王星华,雷金山.宾汉体浆液扩散半径的研究及应用[J].水利学报,2004,35(6):75~79.
[21]孙锋.海底隧道风化槽复合注浆堵水关键技术研究[博士论文].北京:北京交通大学博士学位论文,2010.
[22] Yang M J, Yue Z Q, Lee R K, Su B, Tham L G. Prediction of grout penetration in fractured rocks by numerical simulation[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(6): 1384-1394.
[23] Chupin O. Numerical modeling of cement grout injection in saturated porous media[J]. l6th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference July l6-18,2003,University of Washington, Seattle.
[24] Nieolini E, Nova R. Modeling of a tunnel excavation in a non-cohesive soil improved with cement injections[J].Computers and Geotechnics 2000,27:249-272.
[25] Au S K A, Soga K, Bolton M D. Effect of Mult-iple injection on Long-tern compensation Grouting~laboratory and numerical studies[A]. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[C]. Toulouse, France: R. Kastner, 2002, 657-661.
[26] Buchet G, Van Cotthem A. 3D‘steady state’, numerical modeling of tunneling and compensation grouting. FLAC and Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics, Proceeding of the International FLAC Symposium, Minneapolis, 1999.11,Balkema:Rotterdam, 1999:255-261.
[27] Wisser C, Augarde C E, Burd H J. Numerical modeling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnels[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2005, 29:443-71.
[28]李宁,张平.灌浆的数值仿真分析模型探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):32-330.
[29]李向红. CCG注浆技术的理论研究与应用研究[博士论文].上海:同济大学,2002.
[30]罗平平.裂隙岩体可灌性及灌浆数值模拟研究[博士论文].南京:河海大学,2006.
[31]郝哲.岩体注浆行为研究及其计算机模拟[博士论文].沈阳:东北大学,1998.
[32]杨秀竹.静动力作用下浆液扩散理论与试验研究[博士论文].长沙:中南大学,2005.
[33]赵林.基于分形理论的裂隙岩体注浆扩散规律研究[博士论文].成都:西南交通大学,2008.
[34]刘千伟,杨国祥,周松.宁波市常洪沉管隧道工程[J].世界隧道,2000,(6):6-13.
[35]徐干成,李永盛,孙钧,杨林德.沉管隧道的基础处理、基槽淤积和基础沉降问题[J].世界隧道,1995,(3):2-18.
[36]程晓,白云,吉永年.沉管隧道基础灌浆浆材性能试验研究[J].地下工程与隧道,1994,(1):17-21.
[37]李伟,李蓉.长江沉管隧道水下地基注浆加固材料研究[J].地下工程与隧道,2009,(增刊):95-97.
[38]蒋义康,叶立光.甬江水底隧道沉管段的基础处理[J].地下工程与隧道,1996,(2):8-14.
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