钢桥面SMA铺装技术理论与试验研究
摘要
钢结构梁因为强度高、刚度大、自重轻、施工便捷等特点，作为特大跨径桥梁优选上部结构，被广泛采用。特别是上世纪九十年代以后，在我国修建的一系列跨江跨海特大型桥梁中，很多桥梁上部结构采用了钢结构。钢桥面板焊接在各种横向、纵向加劲肋上，桥面板为正交异性板结构，决定了其上的铺装层受力变形的复杂性。另外，由于钢材良好的热导性，又确定了其上铺装层应具有良好的热稳定性和低温变形能力。
从铺装材料和施工方法来分类，目前世界上所采用的钢桥面铺装体系，概括起来大致有四类：
第一类为高温拌和浇注式沥青混凝土(Gussasphalt)，第二类为沥青玛蹄脂混合料(Mastic Asphalt)(实际上也是浇注式沥青混凝土，只是拌和、摊铺工艺有所不同)，第三类为沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(Stone Mastic Asphalt，简称SMA)，第四类为环氧树脂沥青混合料(Epoxy Asphalt)。
SMA因为抗车辙能力强，耐久性好，在欧洲、日本、美国得到了广泛应用，但在我国还处于试验研究阶段。
本文针对武汉军山长江公路大桥钢箱梁桥面铺装工程，从铺装层环境温度变化范围、交通量等使用条件出发，在用ALGOR FEAS有限元分析软件分析铺装层受力变形基础上，提出了(即钢板+金属锌涂层+封闭层+粘接剂+预拌沥青碎石+双层SMA)的高性能钢桥面SMA铺装体系，并对这种SMA的组成材料，包括改性沥青、集料、矿粉、纤维进行了比较研究，设计了这种SMA的配合比，对SMA混合料的性能进行了对比试验，对这种SMA方案进行了疲劳性能研究，验证了所选择SMA方案的可行性。
The steel-structure girder has been widely adopted as the super structure of extra-long span bridges, because of its hypertension, gigantic-stiffness, light-weight and convenience of construction as well. In China, especially since the 1990s, steel-structures have been introduced into a lot of grand bridges which spanned over roaring rivers and surging seas. Steel decks, in other words, orthodox isomerism structures, are welded with various transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs. This results in the complexity of forces and deformatiort of the pavement layer above the deck. In addition, due to the good thermal conductivity of steel materials, the pavement layer upon the deck should have good thermal stabilities and low temperature deformation abilities.
In terms of paving materials and erecting methods, the steel deck pavement systems adopted in the world can be generalized into four types:
The first one is the Gussasphalt. Then is the Mastic Asphalt. Another one is the Stone Mastic Asphalt. And the last one is the Epoxy Asphalt.
SMA has been widely applied in western countries such as European countries, Japan and America for its strong anti-track capability and well durability. It is still under experimental stage yet in China.
In this paper, a high performance SMA system applied to steel bridge deck is put forth in allusion to the pavement project of the Wuhan Junshan Yangtze River Highway Bridge. It comprises steel slab, Zn coating layer, closing layer, adhesive, pre-mixed asphalt stone and dual layer SMA from bottom to top. It is based on the FEA results of the forces and deformation of the pavement layer by means of the ALGOR FEAS, according to this bridge's traffic and the ambient temperature varying range of the pavement layer. The ingredients of this type of SMA system, such as altering asphalt, aggregations, mineral powder and fiber, have been studied deeply. Various components have been compared in detail as well. Therefore, the appropriate component of this type of SMA was decided. Furthermore, several experiments about
the fatigue performance of the pavement and the SMA mixture's performance had been carried out. All these experimental results verify and vouch for the feasibility of the SMA system concerned above.
从铺装材料和施工方法来分类，目前世界上所采用的钢桥面铺装体系，概括起来大致有四类：
第一类为高温拌和浇注式沥青混凝土(Gussasphalt)，第二类为沥青玛蹄脂混合料(Mastic Asphalt)(实际上也是浇注式沥青混凝土，只是拌和、摊铺工艺有所不同)，第三类为沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(Stone Mastic Asphalt，简称SMA)，第四类为环氧树脂沥青混合料(Epoxy Asphalt)。
SMA因为抗车辙能力强，耐久性好，在欧洲、日本、美国得到了广泛应用，但在我国还处于试验研究阶段。
本文针对武汉军山长江公路大桥钢箱梁桥面铺装工程，从铺装层环境温度变化范围、交通量等使用条件出发，在用ALGOR FEAS有限元分析软件分析铺装层受力变形基础上，提出了(即钢板+金属锌涂层+封闭层+粘接剂+预拌沥青碎石+双层SMA)的高性能钢桥面SMA铺装体系，并对这种SMA的组成材料，包括改性沥青、集料、矿粉、纤维进行了比较研究，设计了这种SMA的配合比，对SMA混合料的性能进行了对比试验，对这种SMA方案进行了疲劳性能研究，验证了所选择SMA方案的可行性。
The steel-structure girder has been widely adopted as the super structure of extra-long span bridges, because of its hypertension, gigantic-stiffness, light-weight and convenience of construction as well. In China, especially since the 1990s, steel-structures have been introduced into a lot of grand bridges which spanned over roaring rivers and surging seas. Steel decks, in other words, orthodox isomerism structures, are welded with various transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs. This results in the complexity of forces and deformatiort of the pavement layer above the deck. In addition, due to the good thermal conductivity of steel materials, the pavement layer upon the deck should have good thermal stabilities and low temperature deformation abilities.
In terms of paving materials and erecting methods, the steel deck pavement systems adopted in the world can be generalized into four types:
The first one is the Gussasphalt. Then is the Mastic Asphalt. Another one is the Stone Mastic Asphalt. And the last one is the Epoxy Asphalt.
SMA has been widely applied in western countries such as European countries, Japan and America for its strong anti-track capability and well durability. It is still under experimental stage yet in China.
In this paper, a high performance SMA system applied to steel bridge deck is put forth in allusion to the pavement project of the Wuhan Junshan Yangtze River Highway Bridge. It comprises steel slab, Zn coating layer, closing layer, adhesive, pre-mixed asphalt stone and dual layer SMA from bottom to top. It is based on the FEA results of the forces and deformation of the pavement layer by means of the ALGOR FEAS, according to this bridge's traffic and the ambient temperature varying range of the pavement layer. The ingredients of this type of SMA system, such as altering asphalt, aggregations, mineral powder and fiber, have been studied deeply. Various components have been compared in detail as well. Therefore, the appropriate component of this type of SMA was decided. Furthermore, several experiments about
the fatigue performance of the pavement and the SMA mixture's performance had been carried out. All these experimental results verify and vouch for the feasibility of the SMA system concerned above.
引文
[1] AASHTO-FHWA-NAPA, ed. Report on the. European Asphalt Study Tour. Washington:AFN, 1990.
[2] NAPA IS 118."Guidelines for Materials. Production and Placement of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). 1994. 8."
[3] NCAT Paper No. 96-1224. E. Ray Brown, ed. An Investigation of Stone Matrix Asphalt Mortars. 1996.
[4] E.R. Brown. J.E. Haddock. R.B. Mallick and J. Bukowski. Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA) Mixtures in the Uneted States. NCAT. 1997.3.
[5] K.D Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA) Mixture Design. FHWA. 1992.
[6] E.R. Brown. J.E. Haddock. R.B. Mallick. and T.A. Lynn. Development of A Mixtures Design Procedure for Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).NCAT. 1997.
[7] European Asphalt Pavement Association(EAPA). HEAVY DUTY SURFACES:The arguments for SMA. 1998.
[8] AASHTO. Standard Specification for Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.
[9] AASHTO. Standard Practice for Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.
[10] AASHTO. Standard Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures. 1998.6.
[11] AASHTO. Standard Practice for the Construction of Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.6.
[12] 沈金安．改性沥青与SMA路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[13] 沈金安．沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料路面．公路．1997．
[14] 国家标准：涂装前钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级(GB8923-88)．1988．
[15] 国家标准：金属和其他无机覆盖层热喷涂锌、铝及其合金(GB/T9793-1997)．1997．
[16] 交通部颁标准：公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97)．1997．
[17] 交通部颁标准：公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTJ052-93)．1993．
[18] 交通部颁标准：公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ032-94)．1994．
[19] 交通部颁标准：公路改性沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ036-98)．1999．
[20] 张力，陈仕周．钢桥面铺装技术的研究与发展．公路，2001 (1)．
[21] 韩道均，李海鹰，张华．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面铺装的设计与实施．公路．2001 (1)．
[22] 张华，牟建波，王敬平．宜昌长江大桥钢桥面铺装技术的研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[23] 唐智伦，杨忠．重庆长江鹅公岩大桥钢桥面及引道桥路面铺装的设计．公路．2001 (1)．
[24] 吴光蓉，牟建波，陈仕周．钢桥桥面铺装方案环道试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[25] 伍波，方萍．钢桥面铺装的有限元分析和环道模型设计．公路．2001 (1)．
[26] 张兰军，牟建波．钢桥面铺装防水粘接层方案设计与试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[27] 牟建波，张兰军．高粘度改性沥青的开发与应用研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[28] 黄卫，李凇泉．南京长江第二大桥钢桥面铺装技术研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[29] 曾勇．武汉白沙洲大桥钢桥面铺装设计与施工．公路．2001 (1)．
[30] 李宇峙，邵腊庚，张起森．钢桥桥面沥青铺装层直道试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[31] 牟建波，余子腾．钢桥面板的防锈与防腐研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[32] 唐智伦，梁超，陈晓坚．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面 SMA 混合料铺装设计与施工．公路．2001 (1)．
[33] 余子腾，劳健生．香港青马大桥涂装方案．公路．2001 (1)．
[34] 杨秀飞，盛赛华，陈仕周．虎门大桥钢桥面铺装热稳性病害的原因分析与处治．公路．2001 (1)．
[35] 邵腊庚，张起森，李宇峙．直道钢桥面沥青铺装层动应变测试与分析．公路．2001 (1)．
[36] 安琳，陈仕周．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面应变分布测试与分析．公路．2001 (1)．
[37] 余叔藩．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面 SMA 铺装层施工质量管理与检测．公
路．2001 (1)．
[38] 韩道均，陈仕周．钢桥面铺装技术的研究、实施与总结．公路．2001 (1)．
[39] 梁超，陈晓坚、武和平．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面及引道桥路面铺装检验评定标准．公路．2001 (1)．
[40] 韩道均，陈仕周，吴光蓉．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面铺装技术方案．中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会 1999 年桥梁学术讨论会论文集．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[41] 曾勇，张华，陈仕周．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面铺装方案及实施．中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会 1999 年桥梁学术讨论会论文集．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[42] 余叔藩．SMA路面技术在美国的发展．公路．1998(10)～1998(11)．
[43] 余铭华，吴剑国，王林．有限元法与C程序设计．北京：科学出版社．1998．
[2] NAPA IS 118."Guidelines for Materials. Production and Placement of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). 1994. 8."
[3] NCAT Paper No. 96-1224. E. Ray Brown, ed. An Investigation of Stone Matrix Asphalt Mortars. 1996.
[4] E.R. Brown. J.E. Haddock. R.B. Mallick and J. Bukowski. Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA) Mixtures in the Uneted States. NCAT. 1997.3.
[5] K.D Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA) Mixture Design. FHWA. 1992.
[6] E.R. Brown. J.E. Haddock. R.B. Mallick. and T.A. Lynn. Development of A Mixtures Design Procedure for Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).NCAT. 1997.
[7] European Asphalt Pavement Association(EAPA). HEAVY DUTY SURFACES:The arguments for SMA. 1998.
[8] AASHTO. Standard Specification for Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.
[9] AASHTO. Standard Practice for Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.
[10] AASHTO. Standard Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures. 1998.6.
[11] AASHTO. Standard Practice for the Construction of Stone Matrix Asphalt(SMA).1998.6.
[12] 沈金安．改性沥青与SMA路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[13] 沈金安．沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料路面．公路．1997．
[14] 国家标准：涂装前钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级(GB8923-88)．1988．
[15] 国家标准：金属和其他无机覆盖层热喷涂锌、铝及其合金(GB/T9793-1997)．1997．
[16] 交通部颁标准：公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97)．1997．
[17] 交通部颁标准：公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTJ052-93)．1993．
[18] 交通部颁标准：公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ032-94)．1994．
[19] 交通部颁标准：公路改性沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ036-98)．1999．
[20] 张力，陈仕周．钢桥面铺装技术的研究与发展．公路，2001 (1)．
[21] 韩道均，李海鹰，张华．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面铺装的设计与实施．公路．2001 (1)．
[22] 张华，牟建波，王敬平．宜昌长江大桥钢桥面铺装技术的研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[23] 唐智伦，杨忠．重庆长江鹅公岩大桥钢桥面及引道桥路面铺装的设计．公路．2001 (1)．
[24] 吴光蓉，牟建波，陈仕周．钢桥桥面铺装方案环道试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[25] 伍波，方萍．钢桥面铺装的有限元分析和环道模型设计．公路．2001 (1)．
[26] 张兰军，牟建波．钢桥面铺装防水粘接层方案设计与试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[27] 牟建波，张兰军．高粘度改性沥青的开发与应用研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[28] 黄卫，李凇泉．南京长江第二大桥钢桥面铺装技术研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[29] 曾勇．武汉白沙洲大桥钢桥面铺装设计与施工．公路．2001 (1)．
[30] 李宇峙，邵腊庚，张起森．钢桥桥面沥青铺装层直道试验研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[31] 牟建波，余子腾．钢桥面板的防锈与防腐研究．公路．2001 (1)．
[32] 唐智伦，梁超，陈晓坚．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面 SMA 混合料铺装设计与施工．公路．2001 (1)．
[33] 余子腾，劳健生．香港青马大桥涂装方案．公路．2001 (1)．
[34] 杨秀飞，盛赛华，陈仕周．虎门大桥钢桥面铺装热稳性病害的原因分析与处治．公路．2001 (1)．
[35] 邵腊庚，张起森，李宇峙．直道钢桥面沥青铺装层动应变测试与分析．公路．2001 (1)．
[36] 安琳，陈仕周．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面应变分布测试与分析．公路．2001 (1)．
[37] 余叔藩．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面 SMA 铺装层施工质量管理与检测．公
路．2001 (1)．
[38] 韩道均，陈仕周．钢桥面铺装技术的研究、实施与总结．公路．2001 (1)．
[39] 梁超，陈晓坚、武和平．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面及引道桥路面铺装检验评定标准．公路．2001 (1)．
[40] 韩道均，陈仕周，吴光蓉．厦门海沧大桥钢桥面铺装技术方案．中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会 1999 年桥梁学术讨论会论文集．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[41] 曾勇，张华，陈仕周．汕头宕石大桥钢桥面铺装方案及实施．中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会 1999 年桥梁学术讨论会论文集．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[42] 余叔藩．SMA路面技术在美国的发展．公路．1998(10)～1998(11)．
[43] 余铭华，吴剑国，王林．有限元法与C程序设计．北京：科学出版社．1998．