钴结壳振动切削机理及实验研究
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摘要
钴结壳的剥离破碎是钴结壳开采过程中的重要步骤，因此寻找一种合适的钴结壳破碎方法是深海钴结壳资源开发的重要前提，本论文主要研究在振动和静态条件下破碎剥离钻结壳切削阻力的变化机理。
本文从研究钴结壳模拟料动态本构模型出发，利用SHPB实验台，得到了钴结壳模拟料在冲击载荷作用下动态应力应变关系，并建立了理论动态本构模型，为仿真实验研究中材料模型的建立提供参考。然后运用断裂动力学理论，根据岩石动态断裂准则，从细观上分析了振动加载对钴结壳裂纹扩展的影响，得出了当能量作用密度达到门槛值后，一定频率范围内的加载应力波在裂纹的扩展中才发挥作用。同时从宏观上分析了截齿的运动过程，建立了振动切削钴结壳的动力学模型，得出振动滚筒对地面的作用力F较大时，才能更有效的破碎。在此基础上，利用Ansys／LS-DYNA软件进行了仿真实验研究，探寻钴结壳模拟料裂纹尖端的应力变化情况和在各种切削参数组合下切削力的变化情况。根据仿真分析结果，结合现有实验条件，在振动切削破碎试验台上利用自行设计的八角环传感器对钴结壳模拟料进行了振动加载和静态加载切削力的测试实验，采用滚筒转动切削和平台移动切削两种切削方式，并对其变化规律进行了研究。得到了在不同切削参数下振动加载和静态加载时切削力的大小，而且振动切削时切削力的波动较为平缓，力值要比静态切削时要小。
最后，通过改变切削深度和振动频率等参数，进行了振动切削实验研究并将试验测试结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析。表明试验测试结果与仿真分析结果吻合。
It's very important step to remove cobalt-rich crusts in mining. So finding a proper way for it is a significant precondition in crash cobalt-rich crusts exploitation.the dissertation was making the condition of cutting force of cobalt-rich crusts vibration cutting removal in vibration and in no-vibration.
From the point of view of fracturing mechanism combined with the dynamic stress-strain model and doing the SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) experimentation, the author found the relation of dynamic stress-strain of simulate material of cobalt crusts under impact loading, and built dynamic constitutive model in theory which provided references to material model in simulation experiment. Then the author in review of fracturing dynamics and rock dynamic fracturing rule, analyzed the effect of cobalt crusts' crack propagation under the impact loading, and concluded that which areas of frequency of stress wave took part in crack propagation when the energy action density got the value of threshold. Also the author analyzed the movement process, and established dynamic model of vibration cutting from which we got the bigger force F_v ,the better effective in cutting. On base of that, we did simulation experiment for understanding the condition of cutting force using Ansys/LS-DYNA in any case. According to the conclution of the simulation experiment, A vibration cutting test of forces was carried out on a self-made rock vibration cutting test-bed by octagonal ring dynamometer. The rotary cutting and line cutting were used in my experiment research. The curve of cutting force in any case was studied in this article. And we found that the wave of the vibration cutting force was more peaceful than the static's,and the value of the vibration cutting force was smaller than the others'.
Finally, through changing depth and frequency , comparing the simulation result and the testing experiment result, This obtained the testing results coincided with simulation experiment results.
本文从研究钴结壳模拟料动态本构模型出发，利用SHPB实验台，得到了钴结壳模拟料在冲击载荷作用下动态应力应变关系，并建立了理论动态本构模型，为仿真实验研究中材料模型的建立提供参考。然后运用断裂动力学理论，根据岩石动态断裂准则，从细观上分析了振动加载对钴结壳裂纹扩展的影响，得出了当能量作用密度达到门槛值后，一定频率范围内的加载应力波在裂纹的扩展中才发挥作用。同时从宏观上分析了截齿的运动过程，建立了振动切削钴结壳的动力学模型，得出振动滚筒对地面的作用力F较大时，才能更有效的破碎。在此基础上，利用Ansys／LS-DYNA软件进行了仿真实验研究，探寻钴结壳模拟料裂纹尖端的应力变化情况和在各种切削参数组合下切削力的变化情况。根据仿真分析结果，结合现有实验条件，在振动切削破碎试验台上利用自行设计的八角环传感器对钴结壳模拟料进行了振动加载和静态加载切削力的测试实验，采用滚筒转动切削和平台移动切削两种切削方式，并对其变化规律进行了研究。得到了在不同切削参数下振动加载和静态加载时切削力的大小，而且振动切削时切削力的波动较为平缓，力值要比静态切削时要小。
最后，通过改变切削深度和振动频率等参数，进行了振动切削实验研究并将试验测试结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析。表明试验测试结果与仿真分析结果吻合。
It's very important step to remove cobalt-rich crusts in mining. So finding a proper way for it is a significant precondition in crash cobalt-rich crusts exploitation.the dissertation was making the condition of cutting force of cobalt-rich crusts vibration cutting removal in vibration and in no-vibration.
From the point of view of fracturing mechanism combined with the dynamic stress-strain model and doing the SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) experimentation, the author found the relation of dynamic stress-strain of simulate material of cobalt crusts under impact loading, and built dynamic constitutive model in theory which provided references to material model in simulation experiment. Then the author in review of fracturing dynamics and rock dynamic fracturing rule, analyzed the effect of cobalt crusts' crack propagation under the impact loading, and concluded that which areas of frequency of stress wave took part in crack propagation when the energy action density got the value of threshold. Also the author analyzed the movement process, and established dynamic model of vibration cutting from which we got the bigger force F_v ,the better effective in cutting. On base of that, we did simulation experiment for understanding the condition of cutting force using Ansys/LS-DYNA in any case. According to the conclution of the simulation experiment, A vibration cutting test of forces was carried out on a self-made rock vibration cutting test-bed by octagonal ring dynamometer. The rotary cutting and line cutting were used in my experiment research. The curve of cutting force in any case was studied in this article. And we found that the wave of the vibration cutting force was more peaceful than the static's,and the value of the vibration cutting force was smaller than the others'.
Finally, through changing depth and frequency , comparing the simulation result and the testing experiment result, This obtained the testing results coincided with simulation experiment results.
引文
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[2] 沈裕军，钟祥，贺泽全．大洋钴结壳资源研究开发现状．矿冶工程，1999，19(2)：11-13
[3] 中国大洋矿产资源勘察—DY95-6航次调查报告．中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会，1999
[4] 中国大洋矿产资源勘察—DY95-8航次调查报告．中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会，1999
[5] 石海林．我国富钴结壳矿床开采技术研究分析(上)．矿业快报，2000，8(15)：15-16
[6] 文先保，海洋开发，北京：冶金工业出版社，1996
[7] Yamazaki, T., Tsurusaki, k., Handa, K., Tomoshima, Y. Ore grade evaluation of cobalt rich manganese crusts. Proc. of the 2nd IOPEC Jun. 1992. ISOPECE 483-489
[8] Yamazaki, T., Tsurusaki, k., Geotechnical Properties of the Pacific Seamount Sediments Measured by a Gravity Corer. Marine Geresources and geotechnology, 1996, volume 14: 3-17
[9] 中国大洋矿产资源勘察—DY105-11航次现场总结报告．中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会，2000
[10] Yamazki, T. Sharma, R. Tsurusaki, K. Microtopographic Analysis of Cobalt_rich Manganese Deposits on a Mid-Pacific Seamount. Marine Georesources &Geotechnology. 1994, Vol 12(1) 33-52.
[11] Yamazaki, T., Sharma, R. Distribution characteristics of Co-rich manganese deposits on a seamount in the central Pacific Ocean. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 1998, Vol. 16(4) 283-305
[12] Yamazaki, T., Sharma, R. Morphological features of co-rich manganese deposits and their relation to seabed slopes. Marine Georesources & Geotech-nology. 2000, Vol. 18(1) 43-76
[13] John E. Halkyard. Technology for mining cobalt rich manganese crusts from seamounts. Oceans (New York), 1985 P352-374
[14] John P. Latimer, Raymond Kanfrnan. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF COBALT CRUST MINING SYSTEMS IN THE U. S. EEZ. Oceans (New York), 1985,378-399
[15] Chung.Jin S. Deep-ocean mining: Technologies for manganese nodules and crusts. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. Dec., 1996, 6(4)
[16] Chung. Jin S., Tsurusaki. Katsuya, Advance in deep-ocean mining systems research. Proc. of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Apr., 1994
[17] Chung.JS. Deep-Ocean Cobalt-rich Crust Mining Systems Concepts. Proc of MTS 94, Washingto DC.Marine Tech Soc. 1994,95-101
[18] 简曲．我国已开始对大洋富钴结壳资源的开发研究．矿业研究与开发，1998，18(5)：50-50
[19] 梁平，石海林等．洋底富钴结壳的开采方法．金属矿山，2002，(11)：20-22
[20] 李润成，荆元昌．振动切削截煤模拟实验台研制．矿业世界．1997，5(4)：15-19
[21] Gottlieb, L. VIBRATORY CUTTING OF BROWN COAL. International Joumal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Aug, 1981. 6(34): 335～339
[22] T. Muro~*, D.T. Tran Regression analysis of the characteristics of vibro-cutting blade for tuffaceous rock. Terramechanics.2004.6(24): 191～219
[23] 赵伟民等．关于振动掘削岩土的基础研究．建筑机械．2000．6(24)：56～60
[24] Graft, K. F. APPLICATION OF SONIC POWER TO ROCK CUTTING. Gas Engineering and Management. 1973,24(6):28-33
[25] 杨成云，振动掘削机理及其在液压挖掘机上的实现：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：中南大学，2005
[26] Nakajima I, Kinoshita S. Stress analysis of blade-rock interface in rock cutting fracture mechanismin rock cutting. Mining Metall Inst 1978,94(1090):39-44
[27] 罗春雷，胡均平等．钴结壳开采装置及方法．中南工业大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，33(6)：617-620
[28] 邱立春，李宝筏等．自激振动深松机减阻试验研究．农业工程学报．2000，16(6)：71-76
[29] 徐嘉梁，土壤触变性与垂直振动切削土壤实验．农业机械学报．1992，23(4)：77-80
[30] 王国强等，利用垂直振动减少土壤铲取阻力的实验研究．1994，23(2)：22-26
[31] 殷涌光，李俊明等，二维振动铲装的实验研究，农业机械学报，1994，25 (2)：56-59
[32] 刘伟．液压振动沉桩机沉桩机理及其振幅和频率调节系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：中南大学，2000
[33] 邱立春等，土壤-全方位深松机组系统随机振动研究，农业工程学报，2001，17(3)：62-67
[34] Takashi Kataoka, Sakae Shibusawa, Soil-blade dynamics in reverse-rotational rotary tillage, Journal of Terramechanics 2002.5(2):95-113
[35] 朱吴，宋伯陶．振动截割式掘进机的研制．煤矿机电，1999，5(2)：23-25
[36] 补家武，李吉春等，YHZ-1型遥控振动式海底取样钻机，探矿工程，2001，3(2)：26-29
[37] 单仁亮．岩石冲击破坏力学模型及其随机性研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：中国矿业大学．1997
[38] 于亚伦，金科学．高应变率下矿岩特性研究．爆炸与冲击．1990，5(7)266-271
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