创业团队胜任力结构与创业绩效关系的机理研究
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摘要
随着团队创业现象的日益普遍,对创业团队的研究逐渐成为创业研究的重要方向。以往学者对于创业团队的研究,大多是从创业理论的某一侧面来解释创业团队的关键成功特征,并没有系统的分析创业团队的结构要素。创业团队的成功组建,不仅可以提高组织的经济效益,而且可以提升组织的综合竞争力。而创业团队的胜任力水平决定着团队创业的成败,决定着所创企业的绩效。
本论文通过文献回顾,半结构化访谈研究和实证分析,提出了创业团队胜任力的维度划分及创业团队胜任力与创业绩效关系的理论架构,设计了调查问卷,收集了222份有效问卷,利用描述性统计分析、回归分析和结构方程进行了实证检验,得出创业团队胜任力结构的八个维度分别对创业绩效有正向影响作用;不同的创业环境(动态性、竞争性、异质性)和组织因素(企业规模、创业阶段、行业类型)对于创业团队胜任力与创业绩效之间的关系起到了不同的调节作用;创业导向和领导行为控制变量对创业绩效也具有显著影响等结论。
In recent years, along with the complexity of economic environments and the common phenomenon of entrepreneurship, researchers pay more and more attention on the interactive relationship of entrepreneurs and their performances. They come to focus on applications of the entrepreneurial team's competency in their research and have gained some achievements. Based on the previous research, there was limit research on the theories of entrepreneurial competency, among which most were of competency of individuals and explain the key successful features of entrepreneurial teams from a certain aspect and did not systematically analyze the structural factors of entrepreneurial teams. The level of entrepreneurial teams competency determines the success of team entrepreneurship and their performances. So far this paper aims at discussing the structural factors of entrepreneurial team's competency and the relationship with their performances. In detail, it focuses on three contents: the first one is to propose and test the model of entrepreneurial team's competency ; the second one is to propose and test the efficiency of entrepreneurial team's competency to their performances; the last one is to test whether the entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and stages of development can make adjustments on the process of entrepreneurship.
This paper attempts to deeply analyze the entrepreneurial teams on the aspect of capability, combining the theoretical research on 5 fields of entrepreneurial teams, entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors, life circles and entrepreneurial performances, to explore the relationship between the structure of entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances on the research of three stages and to provide the theoretical support for enterprises to set up excellent entrepreneurial teams.
Stage 1 is literature review. By the literature review, this paper defines the basic concepts of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial teams, competency, entrepreneurial team's competency, entrepreneurial performances, leading style and entrepreneurial environments. It deals operationally with the concepts and on the early stage proposes the dimensions of entrepreneurial team's competency and argues the theoretical framework on relationship between the entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances, which introduces the adjusting variable entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and enterprise-developing stages, and proposes the related hypnosis.
Stage 2 is semi-structural interview research. By semi-structural profound interview research on 23 entrepreneurial team members in 10 companies, this paper explores the key issues of the entrepreneurial team's competency and identifies the vital factors and features in the process. Then, by the content analysis and coding to the interview materials, it defines the constructing factors of entrepreneurial team's competency: entrepreneurial orientation, opportunity ability, relation coordination, organization ability, learning ability, knowledge share and innovation ability. And on this basis, it experimentally analyzes the relationship between the entrepreneurial team's competency and their performance and conceives the idea of further empirical research paper.
Stage 3 is paper investigation research. According to the profound interview research and the correlated charters developed in the past, this paper ensures the original research paper and carries out the small examples pre-tests. It testifies the reliability and validity and deletes the unrelated questions to form the final research paper. Formal research papers in large number are carried out in some middle and top managers in 127 entrepreneurial enterprises (including second-time entrepreneurship) of Jilin province.400 formal research papers are send out and 222 are effective. Based on the data in this formal research paper, this paper uses a set of empirical analysis methods, such as SPSS software to give descriptive statistic analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural function model to make a deep research on the mechanism of the structure of entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances. The result indicates that the entrepreneurial team's competency have an obvious influence on the entrepreneurial performances and entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and developing stages make partly adjustment on the capability of entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneurial performances in the whole process of entrepreneurship, which justifies the given theory model and related hypnosis in this paper.
By the research on 3 stages, this paper acquires the following achievements:
1. It defines the concept of entrepreneurial team's competency and proposes the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial team's competency: entrepreneurial orientation, opportunity ability, relation coordination ability, learning ability, knowledge share, innovation ability, organizing ability and commitment ability, which will be integrated into one on their upper level. It indicates that the entrepreneurial team's competency holds a good conceiving efficiency.
2. Based on the data analysis, the eight dimensions structure of entrepreneurial team's competency respectively have the positive effect on entrepreneurial performance, just the levels vary. Research shows that entrepreneurial team's competency have dominant forecasting effects, which plays a directing role for the entrepreneurs to improve their performances and provides some suggestions for entrepreneurial teams to solve the neck-bottle problems.
3. Based on the multiple analysis of variance, it testifies that entrepreneurial team's competency has a dominant interactive and not the same effect on the entrepreneurial performances, regardless the entrepreneurial environments, scales of enterprises and stages of entrepreneurship, which shows that the relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances is influenced by these three variables, that is , in different entrepreneurial environments, scales of enterprises and different stages of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial team's competency has different influences on their performances. But research also shows the adjustment does not have an obvious effect in any types of the industry.
4. The instability of market demands does not make dominant adjustments on the relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances. That is to say, entrepreneurial team's competency holds fewer factors which are easily affected by the market. That main reason is that this paper does not discuss financial performances, which have a close relationship with market demands. In that case, its influences are the fewest.
5. This research analyzes that the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and leading behavior controlling variable on entrepreneurial performances finally construct the integration model of relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances.
本论文通过文献回顾,半结构化访谈研究和实证分析,提出了创业团队胜任力的维度划分及创业团队胜任力与创业绩效关系的理论架构,设计了调查问卷,收集了222份有效问卷,利用描述性统计分析、回归分析和结构方程进行了实证检验,得出创业团队胜任力结构的八个维度分别对创业绩效有正向影响作用;不同的创业环境(动态性、竞争性、异质性)和组织因素(企业规模、创业阶段、行业类型)对于创业团队胜任力与创业绩效之间的关系起到了不同的调节作用;创业导向和领导行为控制变量对创业绩效也具有显著影响等结论。
In recent years, along with the complexity of economic environments and the common phenomenon of entrepreneurship, researchers pay more and more attention on the interactive relationship of entrepreneurs and their performances. They come to focus on applications of the entrepreneurial team's competency in their research and have gained some achievements. Based on the previous research, there was limit research on the theories of entrepreneurial competency, among which most were of competency of individuals and explain the key successful features of entrepreneurial teams from a certain aspect and did not systematically analyze the structural factors of entrepreneurial teams. The level of entrepreneurial teams competency determines the success of team entrepreneurship and their performances. So far this paper aims at discussing the structural factors of entrepreneurial team's competency and the relationship with their performances. In detail, it focuses on three contents: the first one is to propose and test the model of entrepreneurial team's competency ; the second one is to propose and test the efficiency of entrepreneurial team's competency to their performances; the last one is to test whether the entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and stages of development can make adjustments on the process of entrepreneurship.
This paper attempts to deeply analyze the entrepreneurial teams on the aspect of capability, combining the theoretical research on 5 fields of entrepreneurial teams, entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors, life circles and entrepreneurial performances, to explore the relationship between the structure of entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances on the research of three stages and to provide the theoretical support for enterprises to set up excellent entrepreneurial teams.
Stage 1 is literature review. By the literature review, this paper defines the basic concepts of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial teams, competency, entrepreneurial team's competency, entrepreneurial performances, leading style and entrepreneurial environments. It deals operationally with the concepts and on the early stage proposes the dimensions of entrepreneurial team's competency and argues the theoretical framework on relationship between the entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances, which introduces the adjusting variable entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and enterprise-developing stages, and proposes the related hypnosis.
Stage 2 is semi-structural interview research. By semi-structural profound interview research on 23 entrepreneurial team members in 10 companies, this paper explores the key issues of the entrepreneurial team's competency and identifies the vital factors and features in the process. Then, by the content analysis and coding to the interview materials, it defines the constructing factors of entrepreneurial team's competency: entrepreneurial orientation, opportunity ability, relation coordination, organization ability, learning ability, knowledge share and innovation ability. And on this basis, it experimentally analyzes the relationship between the entrepreneurial team's competency and their performance and conceives the idea of further empirical research paper.
Stage 3 is paper investigation research. According to the profound interview research and the correlated charters developed in the past, this paper ensures the original research paper and carries out the small examples pre-tests. It testifies the reliability and validity and deletes the unrelated questions to form the final research paper. Formal research papers in large number are carried out in some middle and top managers in 127 entrepreneurial enterprises (including second-time entrepreneurship) of Jilin province.400 formal research papers are send out and 222 are effective. Based on the data in this formal research paper, this paper uses a set of empirical analysis methods, such as SPSS software to give descriptive statistic analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural function model to make a deep research on the mechanism of the structure of entrepreneurial team's competency and their performances. The result indicates that the entrepreneurial team's competency have an obvious influence on the entrepreneurial performances and entrepreneurial environments, organizational factors and developing stages make partly adjustment on the capability of entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneurial performances in the whole process of entrepreneurship, which justifies the given theory model and related hypnosis in this paper.
By the research on 3 stages, this paper acquires the following achievements:
1. It defines the concept of entrepreneurial team's competency and proposes the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial team's competency: entrepreneurial orientation, opportunity ability, relation coordination ability, learning ability, knowledge share, innovation ability, organizing ability and commitment ability, which will be integrated into one on their upper level. It indicates that the entrepreneurial team's competency holds a good conceiving efficiency.
2. Based on the data analysis, the eight dimensions structure of entrepreneurial team's competency respectively have the positive effect on entrepreneurial performance, just the levels vary. Research shows that entrepreneurial team's competency have dominant forecasting effects, which plays a directing role for the entrepreneurs to improve their performances and provides some suggestions for entrepreneurial teams to solve the neck-bottle problems.
3. Based on the multiple analysis of variance, it testifies that entrepreneurial team's competency has a dominant interactive and not the same effect on the entrepreneurial performances, regardless the entrepreneurial environments, scales of enterprises and stages of entrepreneurship, which shows that the relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances is influenced by these three variables, that is , in different entrepreneurial environments, scales of enterprises and different stages of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial team's competency has different influences on their performances. But research also shows the adjustment does not have an obvious effect in any types of the industry.
4. The instability of market demands does not make dominant adjustments on the relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances. That is to say, entrepreneurial team's competency holds fewer factors which are easily affected by the market. That main reason is that this paper does not discuss financial performances, which have a close relationship with market demands. In that case, its influences are the fewest.
5. This research analyzes that the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and leading behavior controlling variable on entrepreneurial performances finally construct the integration model of relationship between entrepreneurial team's competency and entrepreneurial performances.
引文
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