基于学习能力的企业技术联盟模式选择研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和技术进步速度的加快,技术联盟作为企业技术创新的一种重要手段在很多行业都获得了快速发展,企业采用的技术联盟模式也日益多样化。技术联盟模式不仅包括联盟伙伴的选择,在深层次上还涉及联盟内部的组织模式和治理机制的选择,而这些恰恰是决定技术联盟能否成功以及组建后运行绩效的最重要因素。因此,无论从丰富企业技术联盟理论研究的角度,还是从解决企业技术联盟失败率高的客观现实问题出发,都有必要对企业的技术联盟模式选择进行系统和深入的研究。
企业参与技术联盟主要是为了通过与其他企业建立技术合作关系,从联盟的知识池中获取其他企业的专有知识资源。在技术联盟中,联盟双方即需要将自己拥有的部分知识转移到联盟内部以保证合作顺利,又要相互“偷学”对方溢出的知识,其实质是企业在技术合作基础上通过主动溢出和被动溢出相互学习的动态过程。
基于这一思路,论文首先分析了联盟中学的特点、技术联盟中企业学习能力的构成及其影响因素,然后,根据企业技术联盟模式选择的决策次序,将企业的技术联盟模式选择分为两个阶段:第一阶段是对联盟伙伴的选择,包括横向和纵向两种模式,其实质是企业在众多的潜在合作对象中寻找符合自身知识需求和战略要求的知识源主体;第二阶段是对联盟组织模式的选择,分为股权和契约两种模式,其实质是选择有效的治理机制,保证联盟的稳定性,从而实现企业知识学习的最终目标。结果表明,企业的学习能力与其选择纵向技术联盟模式的倾向正相关,与选择横向技术联盟模式的倾向负相关;当联盟双方的学习能力都很强时,会更愿意选择契约型的联盟组织模式,学习能力都较弱或者一方强一方弱时,都会更愿意选择股权型的联盟组织模式。
论文最后选择了84个企业技术联盟为样本,计算了每个联盟企业的学习能力,然后运用logit模型分别就学习能力对企业技术联盟伙伴选择的影响和对技术联盟组织模式选择的影响进行了回归分析,验证了上述理论研究得出的结论。
With the economic globalization and high-speed technological progress,technology alliances,used widely in many industries as an important tool for enterprises to enforce technological innovation,have developed a lot these years,and,technology alliances patterns selected by enterprises are also getting diversified.Technology alliances patterns not only include selection of alliances partners,but also related to alliances organizational pattems and governance mechanism selection,deciding the formation and performance of enterprises technology alliances.This article systematically analyzes patterns selection of enterprises technology alliances,which not only can rich existing research on enterprises technology alliances,but also can resolve problem that rate of failure rises in enterprises technology alliances nowadays.
After establishing technological cooperation relationship with other enterprises through technology alliances,enterprises can get access to the exclusive knowledge of other enterprises in alliances knowledge pool.In fact,technology alliance is a dynamic process in which enterprises learn from each other based on technological cooperation through initiative spill-over and passive spill-over,because each side of the alliance has to transfer part of its knowledge into the alliance to ensure the success of cooperation,and then learn from each other secretly.Different from existing research,this article explains the difference of enterprises alliances pattern selection with enterprises learning capability instead of external environment factors.
This article firstly analyzes the feature of learning in alliances、components and influencing factors of enterprises learning capability in technology alliances.Then,based on the strategic sequence for enterprises technology patterns selection,this article divides enterprises technology patterns selection into two phases:In the firsts phase,enterprises select alliances partners,including vertical and horizontal partners,which means enterprises seeking knowledge source partners who can meet their knowledge and strategy demand in numerous potential copartners;In the second phase,enterprises select alliances organizational pattems,including equity and agreement alliances,through which enterprises can select effective govemance mechanism to ensure the alliances stability and realize enterprises learning.According to this division framework,this article builds game models to study the influence of learning capability on enterprises technology alliances partner selection for it affects the barriers in alliances when sharing knowledge and the influence of learning capability on enterprises technology alliances organizational patterns selection for it affects the stability of alliances,moreover,the latter is divided into two situations:symmetrical and asymmetrical learning capability in both sides of alliances. The result shows that enterprises with higher learning capability tend to select vertical technology alliances patterns,while enterprises with lower learning capability tend to select horizontal technology alliances patterns;when it comes to the selection of organizational technology alliances patterns,if both sides of the alliances have high learning capability,enterprises tend to select equity organizational technology alliances patterns,however,if both sides have lower learning capability or have asymmetrical learning capability,enterprises tend to select agreement organizational technology alliances patterns.
To prove our study,this article chooses 84 enterprises participating technology alliances and calculates the value of learning capability in each alliance enterprise,based on which this article does regression analysis of the influence between learning capability and enterprises technology alliances partner selection as well as the influence between learning capability and enterprises technology alliances organizational patterns selection with Logit model.
企业参与技术联盟主要是为了通过与其他企业建立技术合作关系,从联盟的知识池中获取其他企业的专有知识资源。在技术联盟中,联盟双方即需要将自己拥有的部分知识转移到联盟内部以保证合作顺利,又要相互“偷学”对方溢出的知识,其实质是企业在技术合作基础上通过主动溢出和被动溢出相互学习的动态过程。
基于这一思路,论文首先分析了联盟中学的特点、技术联盟中企业学习能力的构成及其影响因素,然后,根据企业技术联盟模式选择的决策次序,将企业的技术联盟模式选择分为两个阶段:第一阶段是对联盟伙伴的选择,包括横向和纵向两种模式,其实质是企业在众多的潜在合作对象中寻找符合自身知识需求和战略要求的知识源主体;第二阶段是对联盟组织模式的选择,分为股权和契约两种模式,其实质是选择有效的治理机制,保证联盟的稳定性,从而实现企业知识学习的最终目标。结果表明,企业的学习能力与其选择纵向技术联盟模式的倾向正相关,与选择横向技术联盟模式的倾向负相关;当联盟双方的学习能力都很强时,会更愿意选择契约型的联盟组织模式,学习能力都较弱或者一方强一方弱时,都会更愿意选择股权型的联盟组织模式。
论文最后选择了84个企业技术联盟为样本,计算了每个联盟企业的学习能力,然后运用logit模型分别就学习能力对企业技术联盟伙伴选择的影响和对技术联盟组织模式选择的影响进行了回归分析,验证了上述理论研究得出的结论。
With the economic globalization and high-speed technological progress,technology alliances,used widely in many industries as an important tool for enterprises to enforce technological innovation,have developed a lot these years,and,technology alliances patterns selected by enterprises are also getting diversified.Technology alliances patterns not only include selection of alliances partners,but also related to alliances organizational pattems and governance mechanism selection,deciding the formation and performance of enterprises technology alliances.This article systematically analyzes patterns selection of enterprises technology alliances,which not only can rich existing research on enterprises technology alliances,but also can resolve problem that rate of failure rises in enterprises technology alliances nowadays.
After establishing technological cooperation relationship with other enterprises through technology alliances,enterprises can get access to the exclusive knowledge of other enterprises in alliances knowledge pool.In fact,technology alliance is a dynamic process in which enterprises learn from each other based on technological cooperation through initiative spill-over and passive spill-over,because each side of the alliance has to transfer part of its knowledge into the alliance to ensure the success of cooperation,and then learn from each other secretly.Different from existing research,this article explains the difference of enterprises alliances pattern selection with enterprises learning capability instead of external environment factors.
This article firstly analyzes the feature of learning in alliances、components and influencing factors of enterprises learning capability in technology alliances.Then,based on the strategic sequence for enterprises technology patterns selection,this article divides enterprises technology patterns selection into two phases:In the firsts phase,enterprises select alliances partners,including vertical and horizontal partners,which means enterprises seeking knowledge source partners who can meet their knowledge and strategy demand in numerous potential copartners;In the second phase,enterprises select alliances organizational pattems,including equity and agreement alliances,through which enterprises can select effective govemance mechanism to ensure the alliances stability and realize enterprises learning.According to this division framework,this article builds game models to study the influence of learning capability on enterprises technology alliances partner selection for it affects the barriers in alliances when sharing knowledge and the influence of learning capability on enterprises technology alliances organizational patterns selection for it affects the stability of alliances,moreover,the latter is divided into two situations:symmetrical and asymmetrical learning capability in both sides of alliances. The result shows that enterprises with higher learning capability tend to select vertical technology alliances patterns,while enterprises with lower learning capability tend to select horizontal technology alliances patterns;when it comes to the selection of organizational technology alliances patterns,if both sides of the alliances have high learning capability,enterprises tend to select equity organizational technology alliances patterns,however,if both sides have lower learning capability or have asymmetrical learning capability,enterprises tend to select agreement organizational technology alliances patterns.
To prove our study,this article chooses 84 enterprises participating technology alliances and calculates the value of learning capability in each alliance enterprise,based on which this article does regression analysis of the influence between learning capability and enterprises technology alliances partner selection as well as the influence between learning capability and enterprises technology alliances organizational patterns selection with Logit model.
引文
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