内燃机车柴油发动机新型负载试验的研究
摘要
本文研究了新型大功率半导体器件IGBT的驱动与保护的原理和应用技术，根据IGBT的诸多优点，提出了采用IGBT对机车干阻试验台进行技术改造的方案，使之具有自动化、数字化等功能。
机车负载试验是铁路机务部门检修机车很重要的环节。目前，主要有两种负载方式，一种为水阻，另一种为干阻，干阻对环境无污染，有极好的发展前景。原干阻试验台由于全部采用可控硅作为开关元件，所以开关电路复杂，不能对负载进行灵活的调节，风机电机不能调速。本论文利用大功率半导体器件IGBT改造机车干阻试验台，并利用计算机测控技术、PWM技术、和权电阻技术(数字技术)改造原干阻试验台。新设计的干阻试验微机测控台具有连续调节电流、数据处理、结果分析等功能。
第一章综述了目前国内机车负载实验的状况，分析了水阻试验台和原干阻试验台的缺陷，提出了采用IGBT技术改造新的干阻试验台，并展望了功率半导体的发展前景。
第二章研究了IGBT的驱动和保护的原理和技术，并介绍了专用的驱动器M57962L和IGBT的保护方法。
第三章和第四章提出了新的干阻试验台的方案，根据方案对负载进行校核，温度校核，并研究了直流电机的PWM控制技术的原理。
第五章给出了两次试验的数据和试验结果，并对试验结果进行了分析，肯定了IGBT在干阻试验微机测控台中应用的可行性。
最后对系统的调试结果进行总结，提出了研究工作展望。
This dissertation studies IGBT,which is a new type large power thyristor,and its applying technique. According to its lots of advantage,a scheme of remodeling original locomotive resistance-load test bed has been proposed which will make it automatic and numerical.
Locomotive load test is a very important link of railway department repairing locomotive. At present,there are two modes of load test. One is water-resistance load;the other is resistance-load. The resistance load mode is developing and it can protect environment. But the original locomotive resistance-load test bed adopts SCR as switched element,as a result,switched circuit cannot regulate the current freely,and the speed of motor with air-blower cannot be regulated too. The new resistance-load test bed has been applied IGBT> technique of computer measurement and controK PWM control technique and coefficient resistantce(numerical technique),consequently,it can regulate the current freely process data and analyze the result and so on.
In chapter l,the present state of locomotive load test is summarized;the defect of water resistance-load and original resistance-load is analyzed;then IGBT being applied in resistance-load test bed is proposed and the trend of the thyristor is forsight
In chapter 2,the principle of IGBT driving & protecting circuit is studied,and the dissertation introduces the hybrid circuit designed for driving IGBT module and its protection technique.
In chapter 3 and 4,a scheme of remodeling original locomotive resistance-load test bed is present. According to the scheme,all parameters are calibrated,the dissertation research the application of single-unit IGBT and PWM technique in irreversible speed regulating system of a DC motor,and analyzes signal generating of PWM and its feedback control circuit.
In chapter 5,the results of two tests are analyzed,and the feasibility of IGBT applied in locomotive resistance-load test bed is affirmed.
Finally,a summarization of the dissertation is given.
机车负载试验是铁路机务部门检修机车很重要的环节。目前，主要有两种负载方式，一种为水阻，另一种为干阻，干阻对环境无污染，有极好的发展前景。原干阻试验台由于全部采用可控硅作为开关元件，所以开关电路复杂，不能对负载进行灵活的调节，风机电机不能调速。本论文利用大功率半导体器件IGBT改造机车干阻试验台，并利用计算机测控技术、PWM技术、和权电阻技术(数字技术)改造原干阻试验台。新设计的干阻试验微机测控台具有连续调节电流、数据处理、结果分析等功能。
第一章综述了目前国内机车负载实验的状况，分析了水阻试验台和原干阻试验台的缺陷，提出了采用IGBT技术改造新的干阻试验台，并展望了功率半导体的发展前景。
第二章研究了IGBT的驱动和保护的原理和技术，并介绍了专用的驱动器M57962L和IGBT的保护方法。
第三章和第四章提出了新的干阻试验台的方案，根据方案对负载进行校核，温度校核，并研究了直流电机的PWM控制技术的原理。
第五章给出了两次试验的数据和试验结果，并对试验结果进行了分析，肯定了IGBT在干阻试验微机测控台中应用的可行性。
最后对系统的调试结果进行总结，提出了研究工作展望。
This dissertation studies IGBT,which is a new type large power thyristor,and its applying technique. According to its lots of advantage,a scheme of remodeling original locomotive resistance-load test bed has been proposed which will make it automatic and numerical.
Locomotive load test is a very important link of railway department repairing locomotive. At present,there are two modes of load test. One is water-resistance load;the other is resistance-load. The resistance load mode is developing and it can protect environment. But the original locomotive resistance-load test bed adopts SCR as switched element,as a result,switched circuit cannot regulate the current freely,and the speed of motor with air-blower cannot be regulated too. The new resistance-load test bed has been applied IGBT> technique of computer measurement and controK PWM control technique and coefficient resistantce(numerical technique),consequently,it can regulate the current freely process data and analyze the result and so on.
In chapter l,the present state of locomotive load test is summarized;the defect of water resistance-load and original resistance-load is analyzed;then IGBT being applied in resistance-load test bed is proposed and the trend of the thyristor is forsight
In chapter 2,the principle of IGBT driving & protecting circuit is studied,and the dissertation introduces the hybrid circuit designed for driving IGBT module and its protection technique.
In chapter 3 and 4,a scheme of remodeling original locomotive resistance-load test bed is present. According to the scheme,all parameters are calibrated,the dissertation research the application of single-unit IGBT and PWM technique in irreversible speed regulating system of a DC motor,and analyzes signal generating of PWM and its feedback control circuit.
In chapter 5,the results of two tests are analyzed,and the feasibility of IGBT applied in locomotive resistance-load test bed is affirmed.
Finally,a summarization of the dissertation is given.
引文
[1]苏开才等．现代功率电子技术．北京：国防工业出版社1995-9
[2]林忠岳等．电力电子变换技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社1991
[3]吴守浈，臧英杰．电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[4]邵丙衡．电力电子技术．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
[5]王志良．电力电子新器件及其应用技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[6]林渭勋．电力电子技术基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[7]张世铭，王振和．直流调速系统．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1988
[8]俞阿龙．一种大功率充电电源的设计．电气自动化，1995-5
[9]贾贵喜等．IGBT驱动与过流保护技术的研究．电气传动，1996-1
[10]何益宏．全桥式开关电源的一种切断式过流保护电路．电测与仪表，1994-12
[11]田健等．大功率IGBT瞬态保护研究．电力电子技术，2000-4
[12]郑华军等．PWM方式开关电源中IGBT的损耗分析．电力电子技术1999-5
[13]王正仕等．一种IGBT的实用驱动电路．电气传动，1996-6
[14]章进法等．IGBT智能模块驱动控制电路．电力电子技术1995-4
[15]康劲松等．IGBT集成驱动模块的应用研究．电工技术杂志，2000-5 36-38I
[16]张明柱等．IGBT保护的有效性EXB840＼841的合理应用．电工技术杂志，2000-10 47-49
[17]贾贵玺等．IGBT缓冲电路设计．电气传动，1998-3
[18]陈祥富，李宝军．IGBT的吸收电路．石家庄铁道学院学报，1997-9
[19]钱文明，曹彬．IGBT驱动与保护电路的设计原理和应用研究．电焊机，1995-6
[20]王仕等．IGBT的过流保护．电力电子技术，1993-3
[21]刘云峰，陈国平．IGBT的过流保护策略．电子器件，1999-3
[22]潘岱灿．IGBT逆变焊机的驱动与保护技术．采矿技术，2002-3
[23]任天良等．90KWIGBT直流调速装置．电力电子技术，1997-1
[24]李宝成．驱动与吸收电路对IGBT失效的影响．山西科技，2002-2
[25]陈其工等．IGBT的可靠性与死区补偿．安徽机电学院学报，1996-6
[26]彭端，彭珞丽．GTR和IGBT动态特性测试的研究．武汉水利电力大学学报，2002-4
[27]黄挚雄等．智能功率模块IGBT-IPM及其应用．电气传动自动化，2002-4
[28]刘希真等．IGBT工作结温的状态识别．天津大学学报，2002-3
[29]辛尹波等．IGBT结温测量的数据处理方法．电子科技，2000-8
[30]付梅红，刘勇．内燃机车水阻试验噪声对周围环境污染的探讨．铁道劳动安全卫生与环保，2001-28-2
[31]周圣洋．水阻试验台加装司机控制器．内燃机车，2002-1
[32]李力等．水阻极板自动控制算法探讨．北方交通大学学报，1996-8
[33]黎步银．热电偶微机自动检定系统．传感器技术，1997-1
[34]谢森．多路温度微机测控系统．仪表技术，1995-4
[35]郑德忠．提高热电偶数字测温系统动态性能的研究．传感器技术，1993-5
[36]三菱电机技术手册．
[37]王汉兵．工业用热电偶式温度测控仪．测控技术，1996-4
[38] Chokhawala R S.A discussion on IGBT shot-circuit behavior and fault protection schemes. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, 1995,31(12):256-262
[39] Mapham N.An SCRinverter with Good Regulation and Sine-wave Output. IEEE Trans on Industry and gernerral Application. 1967,IGA3(2): 176-187
[40] Jain P et al. A Near-zero Current-switching Series Sesonant inverter Using GTO's. IEEE Trans.on Industry Electronics. 1992,39(4):351-358
[41] Trivedi M.et al. Internal Dynamics of IGBT During Short Circuit Switching Protection IEEEBCTM'96,1996;77-80
[42] Chokhamala R.et al. Gate driver considerations.for IGBT Modules. Conference. Rec. IEEE-IASAnnu. Meeting, 1992:1186-1195
[43] Gedia S. et al. High of Power IGBT Converters with New Gate Driver and Protection Circuit. Protection. EPE Conf., 1995(1) 66-70
[2]林忠岳等．电力电子变换技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社1991
[3]吴守浈，臧英杰．电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[4]邵丙衡．电力电子技术．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
[5]王志良．电力电子新器件及其应用技术．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[6]林渭勋．电力电子技术基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[7]张世铭，王振和．直流调速系统．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1988
[8]俞阿龙．一种大功率充电电源的设计．电气自动化，1995-5
[9]贾贵喜等．IGBT驱动与过流保护技术的研究．电气传动，1996-1
[10]何益宏．全桥式开关电源的一种切断式过流保护电路．电测与仪表，1994-12
[11]田健等．大功率IGBT瞬态保护研究．电力电子技术，2000-4
[12]郑华军等．PWM方式开关电源中IGBT的损耗分析．电力电子技术1999-5
[13]王正仕等．一种IGBT的实用驱动电路．电气传动，1996-6
[14]章进法等．IGBT智能模块驱动控制电路．电力电子技术1995-4
[15]康劲松等．IGBT集成驱动模块的应用研究．电工技术杂志，2000-5 36-38I
[16]张明柱等．IGBT保护的有效性EXB840＼841的合理应用．电工技术杂志，2000-10 47-49
[17]贾贵玺等．IGBT缓冲电路设计．电气传动，1998-3
[18]陈祥富，李宝军．IGBT的吸收电路．石家庄铁道学院学报，1997-9
[19]钱文明，曹彬．IGBT驱动与保护电路的设计原理和应用研究．电焊机，1995-6
[20]王仕等．IGBT的过流保护．电力电子技术，1993-3
[21]刘云峰，陈国平．IGBT的过流保护策略．电子器件，1999-3
[22]潘岱灿．IGBT逆变焊机的驱动与保护技术．采矿技术，2002-3
[23]任天良等．90KWIGBT直流调速装置．电力电子技术，1997-1
[24]李宝成．驱动与吸收电路对IGBT失效的影响．山西科技，2002-2
[25]陈其工等．IGBT的可靠性与死区补偿．安徽机电学院学报，1996-6
[26]彭端，彭珞丽．GTR和IGBT动态特性测试的研究．武汉水利电力大学学报，2002-4
[27]黄挚雄等．智能功率模块IGBT-IPM及其应用．电气传动自动化，2002-4
[28]刘希真等．IGBT工作结温的状态识别．天津大学学报，2002-3
[29]辛尹波等．IGBT结温测量的数据处理方法．电子科技，2000-8
[30]付梅红，刘勇．内燃机车水阻试验噪声对周围环境污染的探讨．铁道劳动安全卫生与环保，2001-28-2
[31]周圣洋．水阻试验台加装司机控制器．内燃机车，2002-1
[32]李力等．水阻极板自动控制算法探讨．北方交通大学学报，1996-8
[33]黎步银．热电偶微机自动检定系统．传感器技术，1997-1
[34]谢森．多路温度微机测控系统．仪表技术，1995-4
[35]郑德忠．提高热电偶数字测温系统动态性能的研究．传感器技术，1993-5
[36]三菱电机技术手册．
[37]王汉兵．工业用热电偶式温度测控仪．测控技术，1996-4
[38] Chokhawala R S.A discussion on IGBT shot-circuit behavior and fault protection schemes. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, 1995,31(12):256-262
[39] Mapham N.An SCRinverter with Good Regulation and Sine-wave Output. IEEE Trans on Industry and gernerral Application. 1967,IGA3(2): 176-187
[40] Jain P et al. A Near-zero Current-switching Series Sesonant inverter Using GTO's. IEEE Trans.on Industry Electronics. 1992,39(4):351-358
[41] Trivedi M.et al. Internal Dynamics of IGBT During Short Circuit Switching Protection IEEEBCTM'96,1996;77-80
[42] Chokhamala R.et al. Gate driver considerations.for IGBT Modules. Conference. Rec. IEEE-IASAnnu. Meeting, 1992:1186-1195
[43] Gedia S. et al. High of Power IGBT Converters with New Gate Driver and Protection Circuit. Protection. EPE Conf., 1995(1) 66-70