复合材料枪管的理论及应用研究
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摘要
枪管是自动武器的主要构件,在自动武器所有组件中,它的质量所占权重较大,因此,枪管轻量化技术在自动武器减重设计中占有极为重要的地位。改进枪管结构、采用轻量化材料是枪管轻量化的有效途径。目前对轻量化炮管的力学性能及温度特性研究已经较为深入,轻量化炮管已进入广泛应用阶段。与炮管相比,枪管具有管壁薄、承受连发冲击、热容量小等特点。因此,炮管的轻量化技术对枪管的轻量化设计具有一定的借鉴价值,却不能照搬应用到枪管中来。
本文主要研究内容及结论体现在以下几个方面：
1.基于复合材料细观分析理论,采用细观解析分析法和有限元分析法,分别导出了各向异性混杂复合材料宏观性能参数(宏观热膨胀系数、宏观弹性常数、宏观导热系数)的预测方法和预测模型。
2.基于连续损伤力学理论和扩展的蔡-吴失效准则,采用以能量为基准的刚度退化方法预测了钢-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料枪管的渐进破坏模式和破坏过程。破坏模型考虑了碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的三种破坏模式：纤维断裂,聚合物基体损伤和界面剪切失效。同时采用该模型预测了复合材料枪管的屈服内压和爆破内压。并采用曲线拟合优化法,对纤维缠绕角进行了高效的优化。
3.论文提出将分段缠绕法应用于复合材料枪管的制造,从而提高枪管的散热性能,对一个标准射击周期内层合枪管和分段缠绕复合材料身管的温度场采用数值计算方法进行了分析和对比,采用红外实时测温方法对分段缠绕复合材料枪管在一个射击周期内的温度场进行了试验研究,试验结果验证了理论计算的可靠性。
4.在连发射击状态下,对设计加工的带金属内衬分段缠绕复合材料身管的瞬态温度场和应力场采用有限元数值模拟的方法进行三维耦合分析,由于考虑了枪管的整体结构,耦合分析的结果更为详尽和直观,对复合材料枪管的工程应用具有较好的参考价值。
5.在VB程序设计环境中,开发了复合材料枪管综合分析软件,软件包括复合材料宏观性能预测模块、破坏过程分析模块、温度场分析模块、全枪管分析模块等模块功能。
Barrel is the main component of the automatic weapon. The barrel mass occupies a large proportion in the whole of the automatic weapon. So the lightweight technology of the barrel is very important for the weight reduction design of the automatic weapon. Improved structure and lightweight material are considered to be effective. Now, the relatively thorough research on mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of the large caliber gun barrel has been made. Compared with the large caliber gun barrel, the automatic weapon barrel has its own characteristics such as thinner wall, successive firing and lower thermal capacity. So lightweight technology of the large caliber gun barrel can be used for reference but cannot be copied.
The research contents and main conclusions are as follows:
1. Based on the microanalysis models, by using micro-analytics and finite element method(FEA), the prediction method and model of the hybrid composites macro-parameters such as macro- coefficient of thermal expansion, macro- elastic constants and macro-thermal conductivity have been derived.
2. Based on the continuum damage mechanic theory and extended Tsai-Wu failure criterion, by using energy-based stiffness degradation method, the progressive failure process and mechanism of steel-carbon fiber/aromatic polyimide composite laminates has been predicted. For carbon fiber/aromatic polyimide composites, three failure modes:fiber breakage, matrix cracking and fiber/matrix interface failure are included in the present model. The yield internal pressure and burst internal pressure of the composite gun barrel have also been predicted. The winding angle of the fiber has been efficiently optimized by curve fitting optimization method.
3. Segment enwound composite gun barrel was proposed to improve the heat dissipation performance. In a special firing criterion, simulation study on temperature field of segment enwound composite gun barrel has been conducted by FEA, and the results are compared with the composite laminated barrel. Experimental study has also been conducted by real-time infrared temperature measurement. The experimental results are consistent with the numerical prediction results.
4. A three-dimensional transient thermo-structure coupling analysis on the composite barrel with metal liner subjected to successive firing is conducted by FEA. Because of the consideration of the whole structure, the results of coupling analysis are more detailed and visual, which are valuable for the application of the composite barrel.
5. An integration analytical software for composite barrel were developed in VB program environment. The software contains macro performance prediction module, damage mechanism analysis module, temperature field analysis module, whole gun barrel analysis module and so on.
本文主要研究内容及结论体现在以下几个方面：
1.基于复合材料细观分析理论,采用细观解析分析法和有限元分析法,分别导出了各向异性混杂复合材料宏观性能参数(宏观热膨胀系数、宏观弹性常数、宏观导热系数)的预测方法和预测模型。
2.基于连续损伤力学理论和扩展的蔡-吴失效准则,采用以能量为基准的刚度退化方法预测了钢-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料枪管的渐进破坏模式和破坏过程。破坏模型考虑了碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的三种破坏模式：纤维断裂,聚合物基体损伤和界面剪切失效。同时采用该模型预测了复合材料枪管的屈服内压和爆破内压。并采用曲线拟合优化法,对纤维缠绕角进行了高效的优化。
3.论文提出将分段缠绕法应用于复合材料枪管的制造,从而提高枪管的散热性能,对一个标准射击周期内层合枪管和分段缠绕复合材料身管的温度场采用数值计算方法进行了分析和对比,采用红外实时测温方法对分段缠绕复合材料枪管在一个射击周期内的温度场进行了试验研究,试验结果验证了理论计算的可靠性。
4.在连发射击状态下,对设计加工的带金属内衬分段缠绕复合材料身管的瞬态温度场和应力场采用有限元数值模拟的方法进行三维耦合分析,由于考虑了枪管的整体结构,耦合分析的结果更为详尽和直观,对复合材料枪管的工程应用具有较好的参考价值。
5.在VB程序设计环境中,开发了复合材料枪管综合分析软件,软件包括复合材料宏观性能预测模块、破坏过程分析模块、温度场分析模块、全枪管分析模块等模块功能。
Barrel is the main component of the automatic weapon. The barrel mass occupies a large proportion in the whole of the automatic weapon. So the lightweight technology of the barrel is very important for the weight reduction design of the automatic weapon. Improved structure and lightweight material are considered to be effective. Now, the relatively thorough research on mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of the large caliber gun barrel has been made. Compared with the large caliber gun barrel, the automatic weapon barrel has its own characteristics such as thinner wall, successive firing and lower thermal capacity. So lightweight technology of the large caliber gun barrel can be used for reference but cannot be copied.
The research contents and main conclusions are as follows:
1. Based on the microanalysis models, by using micro-analytics and finite element method(FEA), the prediction method and model of the hybrid composites macro-parameters such as macro- coefficient of thermal expansion, macro- elastic constants and macro-thermal conductivity have been derived.
2. Based on the continuum damage mechanic theory and extended Tsai-Wu failure criterion, by using energy-based stiffness degradation method, the progressive failure process and mechanism of steel-carbon fiber/aromatic polyimide composite laminates has been predicted. For carbon fiber/aromatic polyimide composites, three failure modes:fiber breakage, matrix cracking and fiber/matrix interface failure are included in the present model. The yield internal pressure and burst internal pressure of the composite gun barrel have also been predicted. The winding angle of the fiber has been efficiently optimized by curve fitting optimization method.
3. Segment enwound composite gun barrel was proposed to improve the heat dissipation performance. In a special firing criterion, simulation study on temperature field of segment enwound composite gun barrel has been conducted by FEA, and the results are compared with the composite laminated barrel. Experimental study has also been conducted by real-time infrared temperature measurement. The experimental results are consistent with the numerical prediction results.
4. A three-dimensional transient thermo-structure coupling analysis on the composite barrel with metal liner subjected to successive firing is conducted by FEA. Because of the consideration of the whole structure, the results of coupling analysis are more detailed and visual, which are valuable for the application of the composite barrel.
5. An integration analytical software for composite barrel were developed in VB program environment. The software contains macro performance prediction module, damage mechanism analysis module, temperature field analysis module, whole gun barrel analysis module and so on.
引文
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