基于数字化技术的矿区塌陷土地复垦研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国主要能源，在一次性能源结构中占70％以上，煤炭工业在国民经济发展中占有重要的地位。然而，煤炭资源的开采在给人类带来了巨大的好处的同时也给人类赖以生存的环境带来了危害。如何做到资源开发与环境整治并举，实现区域经济的持续发展，是我国当前面临的紧迫问题。
本文主要针对矿山开采地表塌陷问题，建立了煤矿开采生态环境破坏评价模型，提出了利用模糊联想记忆神经网络土地评价方法，利用地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO建立可视化管理信息系统，实现了塌陷区信息可视化。根据兖州矿区的实际情况，用先进的测绘仪器(全站仪、GPS)进行数据采集，用ARC／INFO进行数据管理与分析，也研究了利用全站仪和GPS采集的数据与ARC／INFO的数据接口问题，取得良好的实用效果。为矿区塌陷环境的综合整治提供了理论依据和技术方法，同时数字矿山的建设提供了信息资源。
In China Coal is one of main resources and accounts for 70 percent in the structure of once-resource. Therefore coal industry plays an important role in the development of national economy. However exploration of coal resource does not only bring about great advantages, but also disadvantages to environment which man lives in. how to deal with resource exploring and environment protecting at the same time and realize sustainable development of region economy are critical to our country.
Aiming at surface subsidence in the process of exploring and after that, This thesis builds the model of mining ecological environmental disruption evaluation and utilizes the method of fuzzy associative memory neural network land evaluation to direct and plan land-reclaim task, and then by means of GIS software ARC/INFO to set up visual management information system, and to realize the visualization of subside area.
According to actual conditions of Yanzhou mining area, advanced survey and drawing instrument (Total Station, GPS) are used to capture data, and ARC/INFO software to manage and analyze data. The data interface questions of Total Station, GPS with ARC/INFO have been studied also. As a result, application of case study has completed well and obtained good practical results.
Furthermore, it provides theoretical support and technological method for overall innovation of mine subsidence areas, at the same time provides information resource for "digital mine" .
本文主要针对矿山开采地表塌陷问题，建立了煤矿开采生态环境破坏评价模型，提出了利用模糊联想记忆神经网络土地评价方法，利用地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO建立可视化管理信息系统，实现了塌陷区信息可视化。根据兖州矿区的实际情况，用先进的测绘仪器(全站仪、GPS)进行数据采集，用ARC／INFO进行数据管理与分析，也研究了利用全站仪和GPS采集的数据与ARC／INFO的数据接口问题，取得良好的实用效果。为矿区塌陷环境的综合整治提供了理论依据和技术方法，同时数字矿山的建设提供了信息资源。
In China Coal is one of main resources and accounts for 70 percent in the structure of once-resource. Therefore coal industry plays an important role in the development of national economy. However exploration of coal resource does not only bring about great advantages, but also disadvantages to environment which man lives in. how to deal with resource exploring and environment protecting at the same time and realize sustainable development of region economy are critical to our country.
Aiming at surface subsidence in the process of exploring and after that, This thesis builds the model of mining ecological environmental disruption evaluation and utilizes the method of fuzzy associative memory neural network land evaluation to direct and plan land-reclaim task, and then by means of GIS software ARC/INFO to set up visual management information system, and to realize the visualization of subside area.
According to actual conditions of Yanzhou mining area, advanced survey and drawing instrument (Total Station, GPS) are used to capture data, and ARC/INFO software to manage and analyze data. The data interface questions of Total Station, GPS with ARC/INFO have been studied also. As a result, application of case study has completed well and obtained good practical results.
Furthermore, it provides theoretical support and technological method for overall innovation of mine subsidence areas, at the same time provides information resource for "digital mine" .
引文
1．姜岩．兖州矿区开采沉陷与综合治理[M]，山东泰安：山东科技大学，1997，80-90
2．姜岩．兖州矿区资源开发与地表沉陷控制技术研究[M]，山东泰安：山东科技大学，2000，10-13
3．姜岩．覆岩离层注浆控制矿山开采沉陷研究[D]，山东泰安：山东科技大学，2000
4．关泽群等．ARCINFO基础教程[M]，北京：测绘出版社，2002，1-5
5．樊红、詹小国．ARC／INFO应用与开发技术[M]，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002，565-571
6．何国清，杨伦，凌赓娣等．矿山开采沉陷学[M]，中国矿业大学出版社，1991，56-58
7．范学理，刘文生，赵德深等．中国东北煤矿区开采损害防护理论与实践[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1998，21-25
8．张文昭．美国威明顿油田地面下沉与防治[J]，中国矿业，2000年第9卷第5期，12-16
9．张玉卓．岩层与地表移动计算原理及程序[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1993．2
10．顾小芸、冉启全．地面沉降预测和防治措施研究[J]，中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998．Vol19(增刊)，24-25
11. Eberhard Werner,John C.Hempel,Effects of Coal Mine Subsidence on Shallow Ridge-Top Aquifers in Northern West Virginia,3rd Subsidence Workshop due to Underground mining,.
12. R.M.M.Smits,J.A.de Waal,Prediction of Abrupt Reservoir Compaction and Surface Subsidence Caused By Pore Collapse in carbonates,Society of Petroleum Engineers,1988.
13. R.W.Zimmerman, L.R.Myer,Technical Note Grain and Void Compression in Fractured and Porous Rocks, Eisevier Science Lid,1994.
14. J.Geertsma, Member Aime,The effect of Fluid Pressure Decline on Volumtric Changes of Porous Rocks, Trans. AIME,1957,Vol210.
15．邬伦等．地理信息系统—原理、方法和应用[M]，科学出版社，2001．4，48-56
16．刘利民．基于GIS的开采损害评价系统与方法研究[D]，山东科技大学博士论文，2000．8，42-46
17．房佩君等．地理信息系统(ARC／INFO)及其应用[M]，同济大学出版社，2000．6，87-94
18. F.J.Kirsch, J.Junge, A.Sroka,Measures Taken Alongside Mining Operations To Protect A Monument,ISM Congress Proceedings, Australia, 1997
19. B.Dzegniuk, R.Hejmanowski,A,Sroke,Evaluation of the damage hazard to building objects on the mining areas considering the deformation course in time ISM Congress proceedings, Australia,1997
20. J.Bialek, Assessment of the influence exerted by fast advance mining process on single Family Houses, ISM,Polen.2000
21. Yi Lou,SS.Peng,A.Preusse,C.Herzog,R.Wings,A.Sroka,Effects of face advance rate on the characteristic of subsidence processes associated with US and German longwall mining operations,20th international conference on ground control in mining
22．周国铨等．建筑物下采煤[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1983年，45-50
23．鲍莱茨基等．矿山岩体力学[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1985年，28-30
24．煤矿测量手册[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1990年b72-75
25．沈光寒等．矿井特殊开采的理论和实践[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1992
26．颜荣贵．地基开采沉陷及其地表建筑[M]，冶金工业出版社，1995年，42-43
27．王万茂．土地定级和估价(理论与方法)[M]，中国矿业大学出版社，1993，68-71
28．胡明星等．模糊联想记忆神经网络在土地质量评价中的应用[J]，南京农业大学学报，1999，22(1)
29．煤炭环境保护，1990-1995，2-14
30．1994年中国统计年鉴[M]，中国统计出版社，4-9
31．任美鄂等．中国自然区域及开发整治[M]，北京：科学出版社，1992，25-30
32．李文彦等．中国工业地理[M]，北京；科学出版社，1990，25-29
33．韦朝阳等．试论我国煤矿生态环境现状及综合整治战略[J]，北京：科学出版社，1995，32-38
33．韦朝阳等．再试论我国煤矿生态环境现状及综合整治战略[J]，北京：科学出版社，1995，12-24
34．陆雍森．环境评价[M]，上海：同济大学出版社，1999，59-68
35．杨永仁等．我国煤炭工业与环境保护[J]，煤炭环境保护，2001，28-29
36．刘金辉．采煤塌陷区生态工程复垦规划设计[M]，矿山测量，2000，44-48
37．胡振琪．土地复垦学研究现状与展望[J]，中国煤炭学会论文集，1996，40-43
38．胡振琪等．讨论土地复垦学在环境科学中的地位与作用[J]，煤炭环境保护，1996，35-38
39．崔继宪．煤炭开采土地破坏及其复垦利用[M]，煤炭环境保护，1997，25-30
40．国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划能源发展重点专项规划[J]，中华
人民共和国国家发展计划委员会
41．张国良等．矿区环境与土地复垦[M]，中国矿业大学，1997，24-28
42. Bob Booth. Getting Started with ArcInfo, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc.1999,18-48
43. Andrew MacDonald,Building a Geodatabase, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. 1999,52-107
44. Bob Booth.Getting Started with ArcMap, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,10-58
45. Bob Booth.Getting Started with ArcCatalog, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,12-42
46. Bob Booth. Getting Started with ArcToolBox, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,11-24
47. www.hrb.com.cn
48. www.gischina.org
49. www.esri.com
50. www.hardware.com
2．姜岩．兖州矿区资源开发与地表沉陷控制技术研究[M]，山东泰安：山东科技大学，2000，10-13
3．姜岩．覆岩离层注浆控制矿山开采沉陷研究[D]，山东泰安：山东科技大学，2000
4．关泽群等．ARCINFO基础教程[M]，北京：测绘出版社，2002，1-5
5．樊红、詹小国．ARC／INFO应用与开发技术[M]，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002，565-571
6．何国清，杨伦，凌赓娣等．矿山开采沉陷学[M]，中国矿业大学出版社，1991，56-58
7．范学理，刘文生，赵德深等．中国东北煤矿区开采损害防护理论与实践[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1998，21-25
8．张文昭．美国威明顿油田地面下沉与防治[J]，中国矿业，2000年第9卷第5期，12-16
9．张玉卓．岩层与地表移动计算原理及程序[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1993．2
10．顾小芸、冉启全．地面沉降预测和防治措施研究[J]，中国地质灾害与防治学报，1998．Vol19(增刊)，24-25
11. Eberhard Werner,John C.Hempel,Effects of Coal Mine Subsidence on Shallow Ridge-Top Aquifers in Northern West Virginia,3rd Subsidence Workshop due to Underground mining,.
12. R.M.M.Smits,J.A.de Waal,Prediction of Abrupt Reservoir Compaction and Surface Subsidence Caused By Pore Collapse in carbonates,Society of Petroleum Engineers,1988.
13. R.W.Zimmerman, L.R.Myer,Technical Note Grain and Void Compression in Fractured and Porous Rocks, Eisevier Science Lid,1994.
14. J.Geertsma, Member Aime,The effect of Fluid Pressure Decline on Volumtric Changes of Porous Rocks, Trans. AIME,1957,Vol210.
15．邬伦等．地理信息系统—原理、方法和应用[M]，科学出版社，2001．4，48-56
16．刘利民．基于GIS的开采损害评价系统与方法研究[D]，山东科技大学博士论文，2000．8，42-46
17．房佩君等．地理信息系统(ARC／INFO)及其应用[M]，同济大学出版社，2000．6，87-94
18. F.J.Kirsch, J.Junge, A.Sroka,Measures Taken Alongside Mining Operations To Protect A Monument,ISM Congress Proceedings, Australia, 1997
19. B.Dzegniuk, R.Hejmanowski,A,Sroke,Evaluation of the damage hazard to building objects on the mining areas considering the deformation course in time ISM Congress proceedings, Australia,1997
20. J.Bialek, Assessment of the influence exerted by fast advance mining process on single Family Houses, ISM,Polen.2000
21. Yi Lou,SS.Peng,A.Preusse,C.Herzog,R.Wings,A.Sroka,Effects of face advance rate on the characteristic of subsidence processes associated with US and German longwall mining operations,20th international conference on ground control in mining
22．周国铨等．建筑物下采煤[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1983年，45-50
23．鲍莱茨基等．矿山岩体力学[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1985年，28-30
24．煤矿测量手册[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1990年b72-75
25．沈光寒等．矿井特殊开采的理论和实践[M]，煤炭工业出版社，1992
26．颜荣贵．地基开采沉陷及其地表建筑[M]，冶金工业出版社，1995年，42-43
27．王万茂．土地定级和估价(理论与方法)[M]，中国矿业大学出版社，1993，68-71
28．胡明星等．模糊联想记忆神经网络在土地质量评价中的应用[J]，南京农业大学学报，1999，22(1)
29．煤炭环境保护，1990-1995，2-14
30．1994年中国统计年鉴[M]，中国统计出版社，4-9
31．任美鄂等．中国自然区域及开发整治[M]，北京：科学出版社，1992，25-30
32．李文彦等．中国工业地理[M]，北京；科学出版社，1990，25-29
33．韦朝阳等．试论我国煤矿生态环境现状及综合整治战略[J]，北京：科学出版社，1995，32-38
33．韦朝阳等．再试论我国煤矿生态环境现状及综合整治战略[J]，北京：科学出版社，1995，12-24
34．陆雍森．环境评价[M]，上海：同济大学出版社，1999，59-68
35．杨永仁等．我国煤炭工业与环境保护[J]，煤炭环境保护，2001，28-29
36．刘金辉．采煤塌陷区生态工程复垦规划设计[M]，矿山测量，2000，44-48
37．胡振琪．土地复垦学研究现状与展望[J]，中国煤炭学会论文集，1996，40-43
38．胡振琪等．讨论土地复垦学在环境科学中的地位与作用[J]，煤炭环境保护，1996，35-38
39．崔继宪．煤炭开采土地破坏及其复垦利用[M]，煤炭环境保护，1997，25-30
40．国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划能源发展重点专项规划[J]，中华
人民共和国国家发展计划委员会
41．张国良等．矿区环境与土地复垦[M]，中国矿业大学，1997，24-28
42. Bob Booth. Getting Started with ArcInfo, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc.1999,18-48
43. Andrew MacDonald,Building a Geodatabase, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. 1999,52-107
44. Bob Booth.Getting Started with ArcMap, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,10-58
45. Bob Booth.Getting Started with ArcCatalog, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,12-42
46. Bob Booth. Getting Started with ArcToolBox, Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. 1999,11-24
47. www.hrb.com.cn
48. www.gischina.org
49. www.esri.com
50. www.hardware.com