测试性虚拟验证技术及其在直升机航向姿态系统中的应用研究
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摘要
测试性是装备一个重要的设计特性。测试性验证是检验和衡量装备测试性水平是否达到设计要求的重要技术手段。
目前应用的测试性验证方法主要是基于故障注入的实物验证。该方法存在故障注入受限、费用高、周期长等问题。随着建模仿真的发展,测试性虚拟验证日益受到关注。但目前测试性虚拟验证在技术流程、面向测试性的虚拟样机建模、故障样本集生成、测试性综合评估等方面还需要深入研究。本文针对上述问题,以某直升机航向姿态系统及其机内测试(Built-in Test,BIT)为对象,开展测试性虚拟验证技术及应用研究。
论文的主要研究内容包括:
1.针对目前测试性虚拟验证技术流程不明晰的问题,在分析测试性实物验证技术流程的基础上,对测试性虚拟验证和实物验证进行比对了分析,提出了测试性虚拟验证的技术流程,分析了测试性虚拟验证的若干关键技术环节,为开展关键技术研究和直升机航向姿态系统BIT虚拟验证提供了指导。
2.针对传统测试性模型和功能虚拟样机模型不能用于测试性虚拟验证的问题,分析了面向测试性的虚拟样机组成要素及其之间的相互关系,阐述了面向测试性的虚拟样机建模方法和流程。应用Multisim10软件,建立了航向姿态系统的结构-功能-行为-故障-测试一体化虚拟样机模型,为测试性虚拟验证的开展奠定了基础。
3.为获取测试性虚拟验证所需要注入的故障样本集,综合考虑工作环境应力、维修活动等实际影响因素,提出了基于蒙特卡洛方法的故障样本集模拟生成方法,给出了故障样本集模拟生成的具体过程,并应用该方法生成了航向姿态系统BIT虚拟验证所需注入的故障样本集。
4.为提高测试性虚拟验证结论置信度,提出了融合虚拟试验数据与实物试验数据的测试性指标综合评估方法,并对其中的仿真信息可信性分析和基于Bayes的测试性指标评估进行了阐述。对航向姿态系统进行了测试性虚拟验证,评估得到了航向姿态系统BIT的测试性指标,并通过不同验证方法的评估结果分析,说明了本文所述方法的可行性与有效性。
Testability is a crucial characteristic of equipments. Testability verification is a primary and widely used instrumentality to evaluate whether the testability level is satisfying with the requirements stated in the contract.
Up to now, testability verification is mainly carried out with the physical test based on fault injection. Practice shows that the physical test has the deficiencies such as the difficulty in fault injection, high risk and cost, long testing period and so on. As the development of modeling and simulation technology, more and more attention has been paid to the Testability Virtual Verification (TVV). However, there are still many problems to research such as TVV flow deciding, testability virtual prototype modeling, fault samples generation, synthesize evaluation and so on. Focus on these issues, the TVV technology is researched and applied to one in this paper.
The major contents of the dissertation are as follows.
1. Focus on the indeterminacy to the TVV implement flow, the differences between testability physical test verification and virtual test verification are analyzed. Based on the implement flow of physical test, the implement flow of virtual test is proposed. Then, some crucial technology points of TVV are construed. It supplies the guidance to the research on the TVV technology and application on the Built-in test (BIT) of heading and attitude system in certain helicopter.
2. Because neither the traditional testability model nor traditional functional virtual prototype can meet the requirement of TVV, the components of testability virtual prototype and the interrelation among the components are studied. Meanwhile, the testability virtual prototype modeling method and flow are described. The basic of TVV, Configuration-Function-Fault-Test-Environment integrated model of the heading and attitude system is set with the software Multisim10.
3. In order to obtain the fault injection samples used in the testability verification, a new approach considering the effects of environment stress and maintenance to generate fault samples sequence is proposed based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The implement flow of simulation method is put forward and used to generate the fault injection samples of heading and attitude system. 4. In order to improve the conclusion confidence level of the virtual verification, an integrated evaluation method considering both the physical and virtual test data is put forward. The simulation information creditability analysis theory and the testability index evaluation method based on Bayes are discussed. At last, the virtual test and the index evaluation method are carried out on the heading and attitude system. Compared with other evaluation methods, the approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective.
目前应用的测试性验证方法主要是基于故障注入的实物验证。该方法存在故障注入受限、费用高、周期长等问题。随着建模仿真的发展,测试性虚拟验证日益受到关注。但目前测试性虚拟验证在技术流程、面向测试性的虚拟样机建模、故障样本集生成、测试性综合评估等方面还需要深入研究。本文针对上述问题,以某直升机航向姿态系统及其机内测试(Built-in Test,BIT)为对象,开展测试性虚拟验证技术及应用研究。
论文的主要研究内容包括:
1.针对目前测试性虚拟验证技术流程不明晰的问题,在分析测试性实物验证技术流程的基础上,对测试性虚拟验证和实物验证进行比对了分析,提出了测试性虚拟验证的技术流程,分析了测试性虚拟验证的若干关键技术环节,为开展关键技术研究和直升机航向姿态系统BIT虚拟验证提供了指导。
2.针对传统测试性模型和功能虚拟样机模型不能用于测试性虚拟验证的问题,分析了面向测试性的虚拟样机组成要素及其之间的相互关系,阐述了面向测试性的虚拟样机建模方法和流程。应用Multisim10软件,建立了航向姿态系统的结构-功能-行为-故障-测试一体化虚拟样机模型,为测试性虚拟验证的开展奠定了基础。
3.为获取测试性虚拟验证所需要注入的故障样本集,综合考虑工作环境应力、维修活动等实际影响因素,提出了基于蒙特卡洛方法的故障样本集模拟生成方法,给出了故障样本集模拟生成的具体过程,并应用该方法生成了航向姿态系统BIT虚拟验证所需注入的故障样本集。
4.为提高测试性虚拟验证结论置信度,提出了融合虚拟试验数据与实物试验数据的测试性指标综合评估方法,并对其中的仿真信息可信性分析和基于Bayes的测试性指标评估进行了阐述。对航向姿态系统进行了测试性虚拟验证,评估得到了航向姿态系统BIT的测试性指标,并通过不同验证方法的评估结果分析,说明了本文所述方法的可行性与有效性。
Testability is a crucial characteristic of equipments. Testability verification is a primary and widely used instrumentality to evaluate whether the testability level is satisfying with the requirements stated in the contract.
Up to now, testability verification is mainly carried out with the physical test based on fault injection. Practice shows that the physical test has the deficiencies such as the difficulty in fault injection, high risk and cost, long testing period and so on. As the development of modeling and simulation technology, more and more attention has been paid to the Testability Virtual Verification (TVV). However, there are still many problems to research such as TVV flow deciding, testability virtual prototype modeling, fault samples generation, synthesize evaluation and so on. Focus on these issues, the TVV technology is researched and applied to one in this paper.
The major contents of the dissertation are as follows.
1. Focus on the indeterminacy to the TVV implement flow, the differences between testability physical test verification and virtual test verification are analyzed. Based on the implement flow of physical test, the implement flow of virtual test is proposed. Then, some crucial technology points of TVV are construed. It supplies the guidance to the research on the TVV technology and application on the Built-in test (BIT) of heading and attitude system in certain helicopter.
2. Because neither the traditional testability model nor traditional functional virtual prototype can meet the requirement of TVV, the components of testability virtual prototype and the interrelation among the components are studied. Meanwhile, the testability virtual prototype modeling method and flow are described. The basic of TVV, Configuration-Function-Fault-Test-Environment integrated model of the heading and attitude system is set with the software Multisim10.
3. In order to obtain the fault injection samples used in the testability verification, a new approach considering the effects of environment stress and maintenance to generate fault samples sequence is proposed based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The implement flow of simulation method is put forward and used to generate the fault injection samples of heading and attitude system. 4. In order to improve the conclusion confidence level of the virtual verification, an integrated evaluation method considering both the physical and virtual test data is put forward. The simulation information creditability analysis theory and the testability index evaluation method based on Bayes are discussed. At last, the virtual test and the index evaluation method are carried out on the heading and attitude system. Compared with other evaluation methods, the approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective.
引文
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[3]田仲,石君友.现有测试性验证方法分析与建议[J].质量与可靠性,2006(2):47-51.
[4]田仲,石君友.系统测试性设计分析与验证[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[5] GJB2547-95.装备测试性大纲[S].北京:国防科工委军标出版社, 1995.
[6] Pattipati K R, Raghavan V , Shakeri M. TEAMS: Testability Engineering and Maintenance System[C]. Proceeding of the American Control Conference, 1994.
[7] Deb S, Pattipati K R, Raghavan V.Multi-Signal Flow Graphs: A Novel Approach for System Testability Analysis and Fault Diagnosis[J].IEEE AES Magazine,1995(5):14-25.
[8]刘海明,易晓山.多信号流图的测试性建模与分析[J].中国测试技术,2007.1,33(1):49-50.
[9] Fang Tu, Deb K R, Malepati S.Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Multiple Fault Diagnosis in Large Graph-Based Systems[J].IEEE Design and Test of Computers,2003,33(1):73-85.
[10] Paul.D.Logic Moedling as A Tool for Testability[C].IEEE AUTOTESTCON'85,1985.
[11]邱静,刘冠军,李天梅.基于虚拟样机的可测性虚拟试验验证技术研究及发展[C].第二届国防科技工业试验与测试技术发展战略高层论坛论文集,2008
[12] Anderson J L, Figurerres Z E, Hovakemian A.Using ATE Simulation to Develop Test Procedures and Verify Testability for the Standard Missile[C] . AUTOTESTCON’98. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference,1998:28-34.
[13]张宝珍.国外武器装备综合试验与评价的发展及应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2009,17(1):1-5.
[14]赵雯,胡德风.武器系统虚拟试验验证技术发展研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2008,16(1):1-3.
[15] Barnett . In-service Reliability, Maintainability and Testability Demonstrations-15years of Experimence[C].Proceedings Annual Reliability andMaintainability Symposium,2003,587-592
[16] DMSO. Instruction 5000.61. DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Verification,Validation, and Accreditation (http: //www.dmso.mil) , 1996.
[17] DMSO. Modeling and Simulation(M&S)Master Plan (http://www.dmso.mil/public/dod/policy), 1995.
[18] DMSO. VV&A Recommended Practice Guide Millennium Edition (http://www.dmso.mil), 2000.
[19] Kadir A A, Xu X, Haemmerle E.Virtual machine tools and virtual machining-a technological review[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2011,27(3):494-508.
[20]李果,高建民,姜洪权.基于多色集合的多重故障建模与推理技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(4):643-648.
[21]连光耀,黄考利,吕晓明,薛凯旋.基于混合诊断的测试性建模与分析[J].计算机测量与控制,2008.5,16(5):601-603.
[22]焦鹏.导弹制导仿真系统VV&A理论和方法研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2010.
[23]李鹏波,张金槐.仿真可信性的研究综述[J].计算机仿真,2007.7,17(4):12-14.
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