新型动平衡机误差分析和性能改进
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摘要
现今,旋转机械在工业生产中被广泛使用,由于旋转部件质量相对旋转轴分布不对称产生的周期性离心力是引起振动和噪声,降低设备寿命和可靠性的主要原因之一。高精度动平衡测量是提高产品性能和延长寿命的具有巨大效益和深远意义的技术。如何提高动平衡机的平衡精度,改善动平衡机的平衡效率是当前动平衡技术的一个重要课题。
在介绍新型动平衡系统振动系统及测控系统的基础上,对测控软件进行了设计。分析了新型动平衡机在抑制环境震动以及提高平面分离能力等方面的特点。讨论了硬支承动平衡机原理误差、工作转速波动及压电陶瓷测力传感器非线性等三个主要误差源及其对动不平衡测量的影响。
为提高动平衡机校正质量相位点的定位精度及效率,设计了一套基于模糊控制的主轴高速精确定位系统。针对新型动平衡机主轴不平衡量对标定参数的影响大的情况,设计了一种补偿主轴不平衡量的改进型标定法。最后通过实验,验证了所采取的误差补偿及性能改进措施的有效性。
Rotating machinery is currently widely used in industrial production. One of the main reasons to bring vibration, noise, reduction of equipment life and reliability is the periodical centrifugal force caused by a symmetric distribution of the rotating components quality to the rotation axis. High-precision balancing measurement is a technology of a great and far-reaching significance that can improve the performance and extend the life of products. How to improve the balance precision of the dynamic balancing machines and the balancing efficiency of it as well is an important task of current balancing technology.
This thesis introduced vibration system, the measurement & control system as well as software design process of a new type of balancing system. The existing balance machine lacked the ability of inhibiting environment vibration, low efficiency of balance speed, low separation ratio .Analyzed three main error sources of new type of new type of balancing system and their affects to the measurement results of balancing system. Based on the requirements of balancing system performance evaluation .
Against the low-efficiency of the new dynamic balancing system, we had designed high-speed spindle precise positioning system based on fuzzy control of to improve the balance efficiency of balancing system. Aiming at the imbalance of the Spindle for a new balancing system which has a great effect on the calibration parameters, we designed an improved calibration method of compensation spindle imbalance. Finally, by several experiment, we had certified the test error control and performance improvement results of the new balancing system.
在介绍新型动平衡系统振动系统及测控系统的基础上,对测控软件进行了设计。分析了新型动平衡机在抑制环境震动以及提高平面分离能力等方面的特点。讨论了硬支承动平衡机原理误差、工作转速波动及压电陶瓷测力传感器非线性等三个主要误差源及其对动不平衡测量的影响。
为提高动平衡机校正质量相位点的定位精度及效率,设计了一套基于模糊控制的主轴高速精确定位系统。针对新型动平衡机主轴不平衡量对标定参数的影响大的情况,设计了一种补偿主轴不平衡量的改进型标定法。最后通过实验,验证了所采取的误差补偿及性能改进措施的有效性。
Rotating machinery is currently widely used in industrial production. One of the main reasons to bring vibration, noise, reduction of equipment life and reliability is the periodical centrifugal force caused by a symmetric distribution of the rotating components quality to the rotation axis. High-precision balancing measurement is a technology of a great and far-reaching significance that can improve the performance and extend the life of products. How to improve the balance precision of the dynamic balancing machines and the balancing efficiency of it as well is an important task of current balancing technology.
This thesis introduced vibration system, the measurement & control system as well as software design process of a new type of balancing system. The existing balance machine lacked the ability of inhibiting environment vibration, low efficiency of balance speed, low separation ratio .Analyzed three main error sources of new type of new type of balancing system and their affects to the measurement results of balancing system. Based on the requirements of balancing system performance evaluation .
Against the low-efficiency of the new dynamic balancing system, we had designed high-speed spindle precise positioning system based on fuzzy control of to improve the balance efficiency of balancing system. Aiming at the imbalance of the Spindle for a new balancing system which has a great effect on the calibration parameters, we designed an improved calibration method of compensation spindle imbalance. Finally, by several experiment, we had certified the test error control and performance improvement results of the new balancing system.
引文
[1]三轮修三,下村玄. 旋转机械的平衡. 北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[2]屈梁生,邱海,徐光华. 全息动平衡技术:原理与实践. 中国机械工程. 1998.9(1)60-63
[3]申克公司.产品目录.上海:上海申克试验机有限公司出版,1999.
[4]孟光.转子动力学研究的回顾与展望.振动工程学报. 2002,15(1); 1-9
[5]徐锡林,浅述我国动平衡机的发展方向.试验技术与试验机. 2003, 43(1): 6-7.
[6]叶能安,余汝生。动平衡原理与动平衡机。武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985
[7]胡庆翰,蔡萍,秦鹏. 一种新型高精度动平衡测量系统,传感技术学报.2006
[8]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1988
[9]秦鹏,蔡萍,胡庆翰. 应用瞬心法的动平衡测量虚拟振动系统,机械工程学报 2006,42(10):208-214
[10]秦鹏,蔡萍,胡庆翰. A Novel Vibratory Structure for Dynamic Balancing Measurement,Proceeding of SPIE. 2006,Vol.6280,63803T-1~62803T-7
[11]秦鹏.基于全柔性串接式振动系统的高精度动不平衡测量研究.上海交通大学 博士论文.2007
[12] Austrow J C. An optimum balance weigh t search algorithm. Journal of Engineering fo r Gas Turbines and Power, 1994, 116: 678 [13XC164-16内嵌C166SV2核的16位单片机微控制器工具手册. 英飞凌科技出版
[14]谭浩强 C 程序设计 清华大学出版社 1999.12.2
[15]郑莉,董渊. C++语言程序 清华大学出版社 2001
[16]田社平,洪晓辉,宋刚. 硬支承动平衡机平面分离解算的误差分析 仪表技术与传感器. 1996
[17]刘美生,王蛟茹,姜爱军. 动不平衡及车轮动平衡机不平衡量的测量 中国测试技术 2003
[18]佟德纯,黄文振. 转子动平衡技术 设备综合诊断技术讲座. 2005
[19]王茂海,刘会金,彭辉,张国强. 采样信号频率偏离设计值情况下离散傅立叶变换的误差分析. 电测与仪器. 2001.
[20]黄彬业,方忠华,仲未央,王利明. 周期信号离散傅里叶变换的误差分析及其应用.工业仪表与自动化装置·
[21]赵晓丹, 冯霞. 工程信号处理中离散傅里叶变换的误差. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版). 2006.
[22]吴少波, 陆秋海. 积分型数字跟踪滤波法及其在转子动平衡中的应用. 工程力学.2003, 20(1): 76-79.
[23]李顺利,姜复兴等.精密离心机动平衡的力学性能分析.中国惯性技术学报.1999,7(2):66-69
[24]盛德恩,刘克华.硬支承平衡机原理误差的消除及新型平衡机的构想 ,设计与研究, 2003
[25]N. I. Cho and S. U. Lee, “On the adaptive latticenotch filter for the detection of sinusoida,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 40, pp. 405-416, July 1993.
[26]R. Punchalard, “Performance comparing between adaptive IIR lattice notch filter and adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros using plain gradient algorithm,” Proc IEEE ICCS, pp. 575-578, 2003.
[27]谭立方,贺世正. 一种高效的微速差双转子系统的动平衡方法. 振动与冲击.2004,23(2):31-33.
[28]杨建刚,谢东建. 基于多传感器数据融合的动平衡方法研究.动力工程.2003, 23(2):2275-2278
[29]Li Dinggen,Cao Jiguang. New Type of Vibration Structure of Vertical Dynamic Balancing machine. Chinese of Mechnical Engineering. 2004,17(4):579~584
[30]曹继光,邹静.转子主惯性轴倾角与不平衡量综合测量系统.华中理工大学学报.2000,28(5):35-37
[31]张志新,贺世正.高速转子动平衡仪的开发与研究. 振动工程学报.2001,14(12):383-387.
[32]刘健, 潘双夏,杨克己等.动平衡机用数字跟踪滤波器实现方法研究.仪器仪表学报,2005,26(4):432-436.
[33]刘健,潘双夏,杨克己等.动平衡测量数字滤波方法研究.机械强度,2005,27(1):38~43.
[34] Y. Yoshihiro, et al, “Steady-state analysis of a plain algorithm for a second-order adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., vol. 48, pp. 733-739, July 2001.
[35]S. Nishimura and M. Aloys, “A lattice-based adaptive IIR notch filter and its application to FSK demodulation,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS, pp. 586-589, May 2000.
[36]谭立方,贺世正.一种高效的微速差双转子系统的动平衡方法. 振动与冲击.2004,23(2):31-33.
[37]杨建刚,谢东建.基于多传感器数据融合的动平衡方法研究.动力工程.2003, 23(2):2275-2278
[38]曹继光,李顶根等.新型立式动平衡机的设计与分析.应用力学学报.2004,21(4):29～133
[39] Zheng Jian-bin, Li Ming-fa. Extraction of unbalance signals from miniature-rotor dynamic balancing machine. Proceeding 2nd International Conference ISOIST, vol. 3, 507~511, August 2002.
[40]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1988
[41]黄克. 模糊控制在电脑刺绣机主轴定位系统中的应用.电气技术与自动化. 2003.
[42]薛汉杰,邹方. 采用西门子611A实现机床主轴准停.实数控天地操
[2]屈梁生,邱海,徐光华. 全息动平衡技术:原理与实践. 中国机械工程. 1998.9(1)60-63
[3]申克公司.产品目录.上海:上海申克试验机有限公司出版,1999.
[4]孟光.转子动力学研究的回顾与展望.振动工程学报. 2002,15(1); 1-9
[5]徐锡林,浅述我国动平衡机的发展方向.试验技术与试验机. 2003, 43(1): 6-7.
[6]叶能安,余汝生。动平衡原理与动平衡机。武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985
[7]胡庆翰,蔡萍,秦鹏. 一种新型高精度动平衡测量系统,传感技术学报.2006
[8]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1988
[9]秦鹏,蔡萍,胡庆翰. 应用瞬心法的动平衡测量虚拟振动系统,机械工程学报 2006,42(10):208-214
[10]秦鹏,蔡萍,胡庆翰. A Novel Vibratory Structure for Dynamic Balancing Measurement,Proceeding of SPIE. 2006,Vol.6280,63803T-1~62803T-7
[11]秦鹏.基于全柔性串接式振动系统的高精度动不平衡测量研究.上海交通大学 博士论文.2007
[12] Austrow J C. An optimum balance weigh t search algorithm. Journal of Engineering fo r Gas Turbines and Power, 1994, 116: 678 [13XC164-16内嵌C166SV2核的16位单片机微控制器工具手册. 英飞凌科技出版
[14]谭浩强 C 程序设计 清华大学出版社 1999.12.2
[15]郑莉,董渊. C++语言程序 清华大学出版社 2001
[16]田社平,洪晓辉,宋刚. 硬支承动平衡机平面分离解算的误差分析 仪表技术与传感器. 1996
[17]刘美生,王蛟茹,姜爱军. 动不平衡及车轮动平衡机不平衡量的测量 中国测试技术 2003
[18]佟德纯,黄文振. 转子动平衡技术 设备综合诊断技术讲座. 2005
[19]王茂海,刘会金,彭辉,张国强. 采样信号频率偏离设计值情况下离散傅立叶变换的误差分析. 电测与仪器. 2001.
[20]黄彬业,方忠华,仲未央,王利明. 周期信号离散傅里叶变换的误差分析及其应用.工业仪表与自动化装置·
[21]赵晓丹, 冯霞. 工程信号处理中离散傅里叶变换的误差. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版). 2006.
[22]吴少波, 陆秋海. 积分型数字跟踪滤波法及其在转子动平衡中的应用. 工程力学.2003, 20(1): 76-79.
[23]李顺利,姜复兴等.精密离心机动平衡的力学性能分析.中国惯性技术学报.1999,7(2):66-69
[24]盛德恩,刘克华.硬支承平衡机原理误差的消除及新型平衡机的构想 ,设计与研究, 2003
[25]N. I. Cho and S. U. Lee, “On the adaptive latticenotch filter for the detection of sinusoida,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 40, pp. 405-416, July 1993.
[26]R. Punchalard, “Performance comparing between adaptive IIR lattice notch filter and adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros using plain gradient algorithm,” Proc IEEE ICCS, pp. 575-578, 2003.
[27]谭立方,贺世正. 一种高效的微速差双转子系统的动平衡方法. 振动与冲击.2004,23(2):31-33.
[28]杨建刚,谢东建. 基于多传感器数据融合的动平衡方法研究.动力工程.2003, 23(2):2275-2278
[29]Li Dinggen,Cao Jiguang. New Type of Vibration Structure of Vertical Dynamic Balancing machine. Chinese of Mechnical Engineering. 2004,17(4):579~584
[30]曹继光,邹静.转子主惯性轴倾角与不平衡量综合测量系统.华中理工大学学报.2000,28(5):35-37
[31]张志新,贺世正.高速转子动平衡仪的开发与研究. 振动工程学报.2001,14(12):383-387.
[32]刘健, 潘双夏,杨克己等.动平衡机用数字跟踪滤波器实现方法研究.仪器仪表学报,2005,26(4):432-436.
[33]刘健,潘双夏,杨克己等.动平衡测量数字滤波方法研究.机械强度,2005,27(1):38~43.
[34] Y. Yoshihiro, et al, “Steady-state analysis of a plain algorithm for a second-order adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., vol. 48, pp. 733-739, July 2001.
[35]S. Nishimura and M. Aloys, “A lattice-based adaptive IIR notch filter and its application to FSK demodulation,” Proc. IEEE ISCAS, pp. 586-589, May 2000.
[36]谭立方,贺世正.一种高效的微速差双转子系统的动平衡方法. 振动与冲击.2004,23(2):31-33.
[37]杨建刚,谢东建.基于多传感器数据融合的动平衡方法研究.动力工程.2003, 23(2):2275-2278
[38]曹继光,李顶根等.新型立式动平衡机的设计与分析.应用力学学报.2004,21(4):29～133
[39] Zheng Jian-bin, Li Ming-fa. Extraction of unbalance signals from miniature-rotor dynamic balancing machine. Proceeding 2nd International Conference ISOIST, vol. 3, 507~511, August 2002.
[40]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1988
[41]黄克. 模糊控制在电脑刺绣机主轴定位系统中的应用.电气技术与自动化. 2003.
[42]薛汉杰,邹方. 采用西门子611A实现机床主轴准停.实数控天地操