超高压直流输电线路故障测距原理研究及软件开发
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摘要
高压直流输电技术由于其输送容量大、线路损耗小、不存在同步稳定问题、控制灵活快速等优势,在我国输电系统中得到了越来越多的应用,在“西电东送”、“北电南送”工程中起着重要作用。直流输电线路距离往往上千公里,线路越长、发生故障的概率越高,同时查找故障点的难度也越大。因此,快速准确的确定故障点具有重要意义。
目前,高压直流输电系统仅仅依靠行波测距装置进行故障定位,但当故障点和对侧母线反射系数较小,例如在高阻接地故障时可能会出现测距不准或行波测距装置不启动的情况。因此,寻找一种新的测距方法对实际工程有着重要意义。时域测距算法从线路的小损耗模型出发,无须考虑频率等因素,根据从线路两端数据计算得到的沿线电压在故障点处相等的原理识别故障点,更加适合于直流输电系统。
本文研究了如何由直流线路的几何参数计算其模参数的方法,对时域故障测距原理进行了仿真验证。提出了对参数不敏感的基于遗传算法的故障测距模型,解决了线路参数多变及无法准确获得的问题。
通过对实际现场数据的分析,提出了利用极电流实现同一换流站内的数据对时、利用遗传算法实现线路两端换流站的数据对时的方法。并通过仿真数据和实际直流系统故障录波数据验证了基于遗传算法的测距方法和数据对时方法具有良好的效果,完全符合现场对测距精度的要求。
依照通用编程规范和模块化编程思想,利用MATLAB编写生成了标准的COM测距组件,有利于程序的移植调用和后期的软件调试。根据不同需要,分别编制了6种不同的测距组件,以方便用户根据实际情况选择使用,提高了测距计算速度。
Because of its large transmission capacity, low line loss, no synchronism stability problems, flexible control, HVDC power transmission technology has been applied more and more in power transmission system in our country. It plays an important role in the projects of transmission power from west to east and north to south. Generally, the HVDC transmission lines are hundreds of kilometers. The longer the lines are, the greater probability of line fault is, and the more difficult it will be to find the fault location. So, it is of great significance to determine the fault location rapidly and accurately.
Now, the HVDC transmission system only has travelling wave fault location device. But in the case of small reflection coefficient of fault point or other end bus, such as high resistance grounding fault, the fault location maybe not correct or the device may not be started. So, it has important meaning to find a new method of fault location. Time domain fault location is based on the small loss model of transmission line, and doesn’t have to consider the factor of frequency. It is according to the principle that the voltages calculated from both end of the line are the same to identify the point of fault. So this method is more suitable for DC transmission system. On the basis of researching of the way of calculating mode parameters of transmission line form its geometric parameters, the feasibility of time domain fault location method is validated. A fault location model, which is based on the Genetic Algorithm and is non-sensitive to the line parameters, is presented.
By analyzing the site data, proposes a way to correct times in one converter station using pole currents, and to correct times between the two ends of line using Genetic Algorithm. Simulation and site fault recording date test results have shown the effectiveness of these algorithms and that they were in accord with the accuracy requirements of fault location in site.
In accordance with the modular programming ideas, standard COM components of fault location are generated using MATLAB language. It is convenient to transplantation and debugging. Six different components are generated according to different requirement. User can chose a proper one on the basis of actual situation to improve calculation speed.
目前,高压直流输电系统仅仅依靠行波测距装置进行故障定位,但当故障点和对侧母线反射系数较小,例如在高阻接地故障时可能会出现测距不准或行波测距装置不启动的情况。因此,寻找一种新的测距方法对实际工程有着重要意义。时域测距算法从线路的小损耗模型出发,无须考虑频率等因素,根据从线路两端数据计算得到的沿线电压在故障点处相等的原理识别故障点,更加适合于直流输电系统。
本文研究了如何由直流线路的几何参数计算其模参数的方法,对时域故障测距原理进行了仿真验证。提出了对参数不敏感的基于遗传算法的故障测距模型,解决了线路参数多变及无法准确获得的问题。
通过对实际现场数据的分析,提出了利用极电流实现同一换流站内的数据对时、利用遗传算法实现线路两端换流站的数据对时的方法。并通过仿真数据和实际直流系统故障录波数据验证了基于遗传算法的测距方法和数据对时方法具有良好的效果,完全符合现场对测距精度的要求。
依照通用编程规范和模块化编程思想,利用MATLAB编写生成了标准的COM测距组件,有利于程序的移植调用和后期的软件调试。根据不同需要,分别编制了6种不同的测距组件,以方便用户根据实际情况选择使用,提高了测距计算速度。
Because of its large transmission capacity, low line loss, no synchronism stability problems, flexible control, HVDC power transmission technology has been applied more and more in power transmission system in our country. It plays an important role in the projects of transmission power from west to east and north to south. Generally, the HVDC transmission lines are hundreds of kilometers. The longer the lines are, the greater probability of line fault is, and the more difficult it will be to find the fault location. So, it is of great significance to determine the fault location rapidly and accurately.
Now, the HVDC transmission system only has travelling wave fault location device. But in the case of small reflection coefficient of fault point or other end bus, such as high resistance grounding fault, the fault location maybe not correct or the device may not be started. So, it has important meaning to find a new method of fault location. Time domain fault location is based on the small loss model of transmission line, and doesn’t have to consider the factor of frequency. It is according to the principle that the voltages calculated from both end of the line are the same to identify the point of fault. So this method is more suitable for DC transmission system. On the basis of researching of the way of calculating mode parameters of transmission line form its geometric parameters, the feasibility of time domain fault location method is validated. A fault location model, which is based on the Genetic Algorithm and is non-sensitive to the line parameters, is presented.
By analyzing the site data, proposes a way to correct times in one converter station using pole currents, and to correct times between the two ends of line using Genetic Algorithm. Simulation and site fault recording date test results have shown the effectiveness of these algorithms and that they were in accord with the accuracy requirements of fault location in site.
In accordance with the modular programming ideas, standard COM components of fault location are generated using MATLAB language. It is convenient to transplantation and debugging. Six different components are generated according to different requirement. User can chose a proper one on the basis of actual situation to improve calculation speed.
引文
[1]赵畹君,高压直流输电工程技术,北京:中国电力出版社,2004,1~10
[2]葛耀中,新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术,西安,西安交通大学出版社,2007,256~333
[3]谢菁,陈平,直流输电线路行波故障测距系统,山东理工大学学报,2006,20(3):47~50
[4]王少荣,赵妍卉,双极HVDC输电线路行波故障定位,高电压技术,2007,33(7):124~128
[5]束洪春,王超,张杰等,基于形态学的HVDC线路故障的识别与定位方法研究,电力自动化设备,2007,27(4):6~9
[6]邬林勇,何正友,钱清泉,一种提取行波自然频率的单端故障测距方法,中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):69~75
[7]宋国兵,周德生,焦在滨等,一种直流输电线路故障测距新原理,电力系统自动化,2007,31(24):57~61
[8]黄家裕,陈礼义,孙德昌,电力系统数字仿真,北京:中国电力出版社,1995,141~146
[9]宋国兵,索南加乐,许庆强等,基于双回线环流的时域法故障定位,中国电机工程学报,2004,24(3):24~29
[10]関根泰次,电力系统暂态解析论(蒋健民等译),北京:机械工业出版社,1989,111~156
[11]沈赞埙,夏道止,高压双极直流输电线路方程式及参数,西安交通大学学报,1984,18(3):31~42
[12]刘宝宏,殷威扬,杨志栋等,±800 kV特高压直流输电系统主回路参数研究,高电压技术,2007,33(1):17~21
[13]A.Deri, G.Tevan, A.Semlyen et al. The Complex Ground Return Plane A Simplified Model for Homogeneous and Multi-layer Earth Return, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981, PAS-100(8): 3686~3693
[14]余玉生,杨敏中,王晓蓉等,双端测距中的自适应线路参数在线估计,电力系统自动化,2000,12:26~30
[15]Guobing Song, Jiale Suonan, Qingqiang Xu et al. Parallel Transmission Lines Fault Location Algorithm Based on Differential Component Net, IEEE Transactions ON Power Delivery,2005, 20(4): 2396~2406
[16]王东举,周浩,高压输电线路故障定位综述,电气应用,2007,26(4):6~13
[17]Damir Novosel,David G.Hart,Eric Udren et al.Unsynchronized Two-Terminal Fault Location Estimation, IEEE Transactions ON Power Delivery,1996,11(1): 130~138
[18]葛耀中,董新洲,董杏丽,测距式行波距离保护的研究,电力系统自动化,2002,6:34~40
[19]翟永昌,张海凤,高压直流输电线路故障测距方法,中国国际供电会议,2006
[20]束洪春,司大军,陈雪允,基于分布参数模型的串补线路故障测距方法研究,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4):72~76
[21]余建国,彭饱书,Peter Riedel et al,贵广直流输电工程的设计与实施,南方电网技术研究,2005,1(3):5~18
[22]丁永生,计算智能理论、技术与应用,北京:科学出版社,2004,116~161
[23]Antans Sauhats, Marija Dannilova, Fault Location Algorithms for Super High Voltage Power Transmission Lines, IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, 2003
[24]黄隽,谢俊,最优子种群实数编码遗传算法的研究,徐州师范大学学报,2005,23(2):53~56
[25]宋哲守,基于H-杂交的改进遗传算法研究,心智与计算,2008,2(2):164~170
[26]刘勇,刘宝坤,李光泉,基于MATLAB平台的遗传算法工具包,天津大学学报,2001,34(4):490~ 494
[27]沐阿华,周绍磊,于晓丽,一种快速自适应遗传算法及其仿真研究,系统仿真学报,2004,16(1):122~125
[28]令狐选霞,徐德民,张宇文,一种新的改进遗传算法——混合式遗传算法,系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(7):95~97
[2]葛耀中,新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术,西安,西安交通大学出版社,2007,256~333
[3]谢菁,陈平,直流输电线路行波故障测距系统,山东理工大学学报,2006,20(3):47~50
[4]王少荣,赵妍卉,双极HVDC输电线路行波故障定位,高电压技术,2007,33(7):124~128
[5]束洪春,王超,张杰等,基于形态学的HVDC线路故障的识别与定位方法研究,电力自动化设备,2007,27(4):6~9
[6]邬林勇,何正友,钱清泉,一种提取行波自然频率的单端故障测距方法,中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):69~75
[7]宋国兵,周德生,焦在滨等,一种直流输电线路故障测距新原理,电力系统自动化,2007,31(24):57~61
[8]黄家裕,陈礼义,孙德昌,电力系统数字仿真,北京:中国电力出版社,1995,141~146
[9]宋国兵,索南加乐,许庆强等,基于双回线环流的时域法故障定位,中国电机工程学报,2004,24(3):24~29
[10]関根泰次,电力系统暂态解析论(蒋健民等译),北京:机械工业出版社,1989,111~156
[11]沈赞埙,夏道止,高压双极直流输电线路方程式及参数,西安交通大学学报,1984,18(3):31~42
[12]刘宝宏,殷威扬,杨志栋等,±800 kV特高压直流输电系统主回路参数研究,高电压技术,2007,33(1):17~21
[13]A.Deri, G.Tevan, A.Semlyen et al. The Complex Ground Return Plane A Simplified Model for Homogeneous and Multi-layer Earth Return, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981, PAS-100(8): 3686~3693
[14]余玉生,杨敏中,王晓蓉等,双端测距中的自适应线路参数在线估计,电力系统自动化,2000,12:26~30
[15]Guobing Song, Jiale Suonan, Qingqiang Xu et al. Parallel Transmission Lines Fault Location Algorithm Based on Differential Component Net, IEEE Transactions ON Power Delivery,2005, 20(4): 2396~2406
[16]王东举,周浩,高压输电线路故障定位综述,电气应用,2007,26(4):6~13
[17]Damir Novosel,David G.Hart,Eric Udren et al.Unsynchronized Two-Terminal Fault Location Estimation, IEEE Transactions ON Power Delivery,1996,11(1): 130~138
[18]葛耀中,董新洲,董杏丽,测距式行波距离保护的研究,电力系统自动化,2002,6:34~40
[19]翟永昌,张海凤,高压直流输电线路故障测距方法,中国国际供电会议,2006
[20]束洪春,司大军,陈雪允,基于分布参数模型的串补线路故障测距方法研究,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4):72~76
[21]余建国,彭饱书,Peter Riedel et al,贵广直流输电工程的设计与实施,南方电网技术研究,2005,1(3):5~18
[22]丁永生,计算智能理论、技术与应用,北京:科学出版社,2004,116~161
[23]Antans Sauhats, Marija Dannilova, Fault Location Algorithms for Super High Voltage Power Transmission Lines, IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, 2003
[24]黄隽,谢俊,最优子种群实数编码遗传算法的研究,徐州师范大学学报,2005,23(2):53~56
[25]宋哲守,基于H-杂交的改进遗传算法研究,心智与计算,2008,2(2):164~170
[26]刘勇,刘宝坤,李光泉,基于MATLAB平台的遗传算法工具包,天津大学学报,2001,34(4):490~ 494
[27]沐阿华,周绍磊,于晓丽,一种快速自适应遗传算法及其仿真研究,系统仿真学报,2004,16(1):122~125
[28]令狐选霞,徐德民,张宇文,一种新的改进遗传算法——混合式遗传算法,系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(7):95~97