胶印电脑配色数学模型与自检系统的研究
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摘要
本文主要研究了胶印电脑配色数学模型和自动检索系统的建立问题。
论文对图像颜色复制呈色原理和呈色模型概括地进行了介绍,重点介绍了本课题的理论基础——纽介堡方程。由于纽介堡方程是在面积元和色元色值两个假设条件下建立起来的,有很多因素的影响使得方程的精度不高。为了使其更具有普适性,本文用最有效的回归修正法对纽介堡方程进行了修正,得出了回归修正系数,建立了电脑配色数学模型,并通过标准色块的计算值与测量值之间的色差计算,用色差分布图验证了修正后的纽介堡方程的精度。
然后通过配色实验采集了数据,建立了配方数据库。在配色实验前使用最小二乘法对三原色油墨的上墨量与墨层厚度关系式进行非线性回归分析,建立了上墨量与墨层厚度的关系模型,确定了试验中的上墨量。最后建立了自动检索模型,并对其检索正确率进行了验证。
本文所建立的基于纽介堡方程的配色数学模型为以后实现计算机配色、印刷复制工艺过程的计算机管理、印刷色彩管理、数字印刷质量控制和印刷图像直接检测提供重要的理论基础和数学模型,也为以后配色系统的深入研究与开发提供了一种实践方法与理论依据。而基于最小近邻法设计的配色自动检索模型,实现了科学化的配方存档管理,有效保存了以往的颜色配方,保证了配色的再现性。
This paper mainly discusses the problems of how to establish mathematical model and the model of automated retrieval of offset printing.
At the beginning of the paper, the theory of reproduction of image color and color-generation model is introduced briefly, and then introduces the theoretical principle—Neugebauer Equation of this paper. Because of Neugebauer Equation was established in the assumed conditions of color cell value and chromatic value, there are many factors making low solving accuracy of the equation. So the paper corrects Neugebauer Equation with regression to make it more universality, gets the regression coefficient, and establishes computer color matching (CCM) mathematical model. And then validates corrected Neugebauer Equation with chromatic aberration distribution curve through chromatic aberration calculation between calculated value and measured value of standard samples.
Then the formula database is established through experiment of color matching. I establish the model of quantity and thickness of ink through analyzing the relation between quantity and thickness of ink by using least square method ascertain the quantity of ink in the experiment of data collection before the experiment. At last, automated retrieval model is established on account of Nearest Neighbor Approach and the precision rate of the model is validated.
The mathematical model of color matching which is established basing on Neugebauer Equation affords important theoretical principle and model to CCM, computer management of printing copy technology, printing color management, quality control of digital printing and direct detection of typographic image, also affords a practice method and theory evidence to intensive study of CCM. The automated retrieval model on account of Nearest Neighbor Approach can manage the formula scientifically, and preserve the departed ink formula effectively to ensure the repeatability of color matching.
论文对图像颜色复制呈色原理和呈色模型概括地进行了介绍,重点介绍了本课题的理论基础——纽介堡方程。由于纽介堡方程是在面积元和色元色值两个假设条件下建立起来的,有很多因素的影响使得方程的精度不高。为了使其更具有普适性,本文用最有效的回归修正法对纽介堡方程进行了修正,得出了回归修正系数,建立了电脑配色数学模型,并通过标准色块的计算值与测量值之间的色差计算,用色差分布图验证了修正后的纽介堡方程的精度。
然后通过配色实验采集了数据,建立了配方数据库。在配色实验前使用最小二乘法对三原色油墨的上墨量与墨层厚度关系式进行非线性回归分析,建立了上墨量与墨层厚度的关系模型,确定了试验中的上墨量。最后建立了自动检索模型,并对其检索正确率进行了验证。
本文所建立的基于纽介堡方程的配色数学模型为以后实现计算机配色、印刷复制工艺过程的计算机管理、印刷色彩管理、数字印刷质量控制和印刷图像直接检测提供重要的理论基础和数学模型,也为以后配色系统的深入研究与开发提供了一种实践方法与理论依据。而基于最小近邻法设计的配色自动检索模型,实现了科学化的配方存档管理,有效保存了以往的颜色配方,保证了配色的再现性。
This paper mainly discusses the problems of how to establish mathematical model and the model of automated retrieval of offset printing.
At the beginning of the paper, the theory of reproduction of image color and color-generation model is introduced briefly, and then introduces the theoretical principle—Neugebauer Equation of this paper. Because of Neugebauer Equation was established in the assumed conditions of color cell value and chromatic value, there are many factors making low solving accuracy of the equation. So the paper corrects Neugebauer Equation with regression to make it more universality, gets the regression coefficient, and establishes computer color matching (CCM) mathematical model. And then validates corrected Neugebauer Equation with chromatic aberration distribution curve through chromatic aberration calculation between calculated value and measured value of standard samples.
Then the formula database is established through experiment of color matching. I establish the model of quantity and thickness of ink through analyzing the relation between quantity and thickness of ink by using least square method ascertain the quantity of ink in the experiment of data collection before the experiment. At last, automated retrieval model is established on account of Nearest Neighbor Approach and the precision rate of the model is validated.
The mathematical model of color matching which is established basing on Neugebauer Equation affords important theoretical principle and model to CCM, computer management of printing copy technology, printing color management, quality control of digital printing and direct detection of typographic image, also affords a practice method and theory evidence to intensive study of CCM. The automated retrieval model on account of Nearest Neighbor Approach can manage the formula scientifically, and preserve the departed ink formula effectively to ensure the repeatability of color matching.
引文
[1]陈翠琴.专色油墨计算机配色模型研究[D].[硕士学位论文].江苏：江南大学,2008
[2]许瑞馨,何明辉.浅析电脑配色系统中的配色方法[J].印刷质量与标准化,2008,9：51～53
[3]黎清,梁冬.电脑测配色系统在染整方面的应用[J].广西纺织科技,1997,26(4)：42～45
[4]周春霞,唐正宁.包装印刷专色油墨的计算机配色理论研究[J].包装工程,2006,(05)：46
[5]刘听,郑文军.计算机反射光谱法配色的研究[J].印刷标准化,1997,(02)：15～18
[6]郝文静,赵秀萍.专色油墨的三刺激值配色理论与方法[J].印刷工业,2009,(07)：24
[7]CIE Colourimetry Committee. Working Program on color differences [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am, 1974,64:896
[8]Halstead, M. B. Color Rendering Systems and their applications [J]. Light and Lighting.1976
[9]P. Kubelka and F. Munk. Ein Beitrag zur Optik der Farbanstriche [J]. Z. Tech. Physik,1931, (12):593-601
[10]P. Kubelka. New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am,1948,38:448-457
[11]CaleoTech, Bull. Calco Chemical Division American Cyanamid Co [C]. Bound Brook, N. J. 1951.
[12]Imperial Chemical Industries. The ICI Colour Atlas [M]. Butter worths, London.1964
[13]Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber. Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques [J]. Morgan Kanfmann Publishers,2001
[14]薛朝华.颜色科学与计算机测色配色实用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：110～121
[15]包学诚.国内外电脑配色仪的发展和应用[J].现代科学仪器,1995,(03)：38～40
[16]金远同.电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展[J].染料工业,1999,(5)32～37
[17]李戎,潘玮,顾峰等.计算机测配色的历史与现状[J].北京纺织,1999,20(2)：59～61
[18]李全臣.电脑配色系统CSL—1000的设计研究[J].光学仪器,1998,20(6)：24～28
[19]CM-1型计算机测色配色系统[EB]. http://dbpub.cnki.net/grid2008/unis/Detail.aspx?Db Name=SNAD&FileName=SNAD000000182666
[20]台湾坂绅公司研制出3D计算机测配色系统[EB]. http://www.zwefu.com/n31533c23. aspx
[21]Point S Software Company. CMYK2 Creates Process Color Tint Charts[R]. Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing,1995,10(4):32-32
[22]Data Color. Revolutionary Color Matching [EB]. http://www.datacolor.com/index.php? Name=Section&req=viewarticle&artid=125
[23]Derval S. R, Cristina G. F Guedes. Mechanical Be-havior and Biodegradation of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Starch Blends with and without Expansor [J]. PolymerBulletin,2005,54(4): 321-333
[24]Olmsted, Robert. Propalette-advanced color formulation Paint International [J].1997,10 (4): 4-8
[25]Ciba. Ciba ColibriTM Productline[EB]. http://www.cibasc.com/colibri
[26]赵晨飞,刘昕.计算机油墨配色系统[J].印刷技术,2003,10(29)：35
[27]刘全香,刘浩学.印刷图文复制原理与工艺[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2008.45-46
[28]吕新广,黄灵阁.包装色彩学[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2001.126-130
[29]吕新广.包装印刷[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2000
[30]Amidror I S, Roger D. Neugebauer and Demichei:Dependence and Independence in-screen Superpositions for Colour Printing [J]. Col. Res. Appl.2000,25(4):267-277
[31]James R Huntsman. A Simple Alterative to the Neugebauer Equations for Computing Dot Area and Dot Gain Calorimetrically [J].3M/Printing&Publishing Systems Div,2007
[32]Lili Si. Neugebauer Model of a Four-Color Inkjet Printer[DB]. IEEE Xplore,2009
[33]Wei-Chou Chen, Shian-Shyong Tseng, etal. A parallelized indexing method for large scale case-based reasoning [J]. Expert systems with Applications,2002,9:95-102.
[34]唐嫦燕.关于我国数据库建设与发展问题的思考[J].广东工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002,2(3)：99～101
[35]希望图书创作室.中文Access2000教程[M].北京：希望电子出版社,2001.13-34
[36]陆汝铃.世纪之交的知识工程与知识科学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.313-331
[37]骆敏舟,周美立.实例推理检索中相似度量方法的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2001,6：1091-1094
[38]Kyung-shik Shin, ligoo Han. Case-based reasoning supported by genetic algorithms for corporate bond rating [J]. Expert Systems with Applications,1999, (2):85-95.
[39]HongXing He, Warwick Graco. Application of Genetic Algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbor Method in Medical Fraud Detection [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1999,15(85): 74-81.
[40]Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber. Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques [J]. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001
[41]钱军浩.印刷油墨应用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.11-132
[42]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.44-67
[43]包装印刷.如何有效控制色差[EB].国际包装网,2005
[44]钟锦荣.色彩专色的应用[J].印艺学会月刊,2002.229
[45]康启来.调整印刷墨层厚薄的原则[J].印刷质量与标准化,2002,18(2)：8
[46]周明香,卢立新.胶印印刷墨层厚度的技术分析与质量控制[J].包装工程,2008,5
[47]李小东.胶印油墨转移分析[J].包装工程,2003,(2)：11～12
[48]孙玉秋.提高印刷墨量控制数学模型精度的探讨[J].北京印刷学院学报,1999,7(3)：1-24
[2]许瑞馨,何明辉.浅析电脑配色系统中的配色方法[J].印刷质量与标准化,2008,9：51～53
[3]黎清,梁冬.电脑测配色系统在染整方面的应用[J].广西纺织科技,1997,26(4)：42～45
[4]周春霞,唐正宁.包装印刷专色油墨的计算机配色理论研究[J].包装工程,2006,(05)：46
[5]刘听,郑文军.计算机反射光谱法配色的研究[J].印刷标准化,1997,(02)：15～18
[6]郝文静,赵秀萍.专色油墨的三刺激值配色理论与方法[J].印刷工业,2009,(07)：24
[7]CIE Colourimetry Committee. Working Program on color differences [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am, 1974,64:896
[8]Halstead, M. B. Color Rendering Systems and their applications [J]. Light and Lighting.1976
[9]P. Kubelka and F. Munk. Ein Beitrag zur Optik der Farbanstriche [J]. Z. Tech. Physik,1931, (12):593-601
[10]P. Kubelka. New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am,1948,38:448-457
[11]CaleoTech, Bull. Calco Chemical Division American Cyanamid Co [C]. Bound Brook, N. J. 1951.
[12]Imperial Chemical Industries. The ICI Colour Atlas [M]. Butter worths, London.1964
[13]Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber. Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques [J]. Morgan Kanfmann Publishers,2001
[14]薛朝华.颜色科学与计算机测色配色实用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：110～121
[15]包学诚.国内外电脑配色仪的发展和应用[J].现代科学仪器,1995,(03)：38～40
[16]金远同.电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展[J].染料工业,1999,(5)32～37
[17]李戎,潘玮,顾峰等.计算机测配色的历史与现状[J].北京纺织,1999,20(2)：59～61
[18]李全臣.电脑配色系统CSL—1000的设计研究[J].光学仪器,1998,20(6)：24～28
[19]CM-1型计算机测色配色系统[EB]. http://dbpub.cnki.net/grid2008/unis/Detail.aspx?Db Name=SNAD&FileName=SNAD000000182666
[20]台湾坂绅公司研制出3D计算机测配色系统[EB]. http://www.zwefu.com/n31533c23. aspx
[21]Point S Software Company. CMYK2 Creates Process Color Tint Charts[R]. Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing,1995,10(4):32-32
[22]Data Color. Revolutionary Color Matching [EB]. http://www.datacolor.com/index.php? Name=Section&req=viewarticle&artid=125
[23]Derval S. R, Cristina G. F Guedes. Mechanical Be-havior and Biodegradation of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Starch Blends with and without Expansor [J]. PolymerBulletin,2005,54(4): 321-333
[24]Olmsted, Robert. Propalette-advanced color formulation Paint International [J].1997,10 (4): 4-8
[25]Ciba. Ciba ColibriTM Productline[EB]. http://www.cibasc.com/colibri
[26]赵晨飞,刘昕.计算机油墨配色系统[J].印刷技术,2003,10(29)：35
[27]刘全香,刘浩学.印刷图文复制原理与工艺[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2008.45-46
[28]吕新广,黄灵阁.包装色彩学[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2001.126-130
[29]吕新广.包装印刷[M].北京：印刷工业出版社,2000
[30]Amidror I S, Roger D. Neugebauer and Demichei:Dependence and Independence in-screen Superpositions for Colour Printing [J]. Col. Res. Appl.2000,25(4):267-277
[31]James R Huntsman. A Simple Alterative to the Neugebauer Equations for Computing Dot Area and Dot Gain Calorimetrically [J].3M/Printing&Publishing Systems Div,2007
[32]Lili Si. Neugebauer Model of a Four-Color Inkjet Printer[DB]. IEEE Xplore,2009
[33]Wei-Chou Chen, Shian-Shyong Tseng, etal. A parallelized indexing method for large scale case-based reasoning [J]. Expert systems with Applications,2002,9:95-102.
[34]唐嫦燕.关于我国数据库建设与发展问题的思考[J].广东工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002,2(3)：99～101
[35]希望图书创作室.中文Access2000教程[M].北京：希望电子出版社,2001.13-34
[36]陆汝铃.世纪之交的知识工程与知识科学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.313-331
[37]骆敏舟,周美立.实例推理检索中相似度量方法的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2001,6：1091-1094
[38]Kyung-shik Shin, ligoo Han. Case-based reasoning supported by genetic algorithms for corporate bond rating [J]. Expert Systems with Applications,1999, (2):85-95.
[39]HongXing He, Warwick Graco. Application of Genetic Algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbor Method in Medical Fraud Detection [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1999,15(85): 74-81.
[40]Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber. Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques [J]. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001
[41]钱军浩.印刷油墨应用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.11-132
[42]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.44-67
[43]包装印刷.如何有效控制色差[EB].国际包装网,2005
[44]钟锦荣.色彩专色的应用[J].印艺学会月刊,2002.229
[45]康启来.调整印刷墨层厚薄的原则[J].印刷质量与标准化,2002,18(2)：8
[46]周明香,卢立新.胶印印刷墨层厚度的技术分析与质量控制[J].包装工程,2008,5
[47]李小东.胶印油墨转移分析[J].包装工程,2003,(2)：11～12
[48]孙玉秋.提高印刷墨量控制数学模型精度的探讨[J].北京印刷学院学报,1999,7(3)：1-24