新型烷基苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其应用
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摘要
本文通过改变苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂连接基团和侧链的长度,合成出了系列不同结构的Gemini表面活性剂,比较了他们的表面活性,并将其用于油田三次驱油的过程中,以期望提高原油采收率。
目前在乳液聚合中使用的乳化剂大多局限于传统表面活性剂,对Gemini表面活性剂在乳液聚合中研究还比较少。因此,我们对磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的在乳液聚合中进行了研究,其具体内容包括如下几个方面:
1、以苯或甲苯为原料,通过改变联接基团,即使用二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氯丁烷等进行傅-克烷基化反应,并用氯磺酸磺化,再分别用Na0H、三乙醇胺等各种碱进行中和,从而合成了一系列离子磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂。并对合成的中间体及表面活性剂用红外光谱、核磁共振谱对其结构进行了表征。
2、以邻二甲苯为原料,经傅-克酰基化反应、格氏反应、还原反应、磺化及中和等反应,合成出结构明确的十二烷基二甲苯基磺酸钠及异构体;以萘为原料,经过酰基化、克莱门森还原,磺化及中和反应合成出十二烷基萘磺酸盐。
3、采用滴体积法测定表面活性剂水溶液25℃时的表面张力,从而确定其临界胶束浓度,研究了支链及连接基团的结构对其表面性质的影响,结果表明随着Gemini连接基团或者侧链碳原子的增加,表面活性剂的CMC和γCMC均有不同程度的减小,并且用三乙醇胺中和得到的表面活性剂的CMC和γCMC值减小的幅度最大。
4、采用旋转液滴界面张力仪对烷基苯磺酸盐和Gemini表面活性剂与胜利油田原油间的油水界面张力进行了测试,系统地研究了表面活性剂的界面张力并对它们在三次采油的应用进行了初步探讨。
5、对表现出性能良好的Gemini表面活性剂在应用于乳液聚合进行了研究,为其在乳液聚合的实际应用提供一定理论支持。
A series of new Gemini surfactants with different space group and side chain were synthesized in this paper, and its, interface quality were compared by various tests.Which were expected to be exploited to enhance oil recovery in tertiary oil recovery.
The traditional surfactants were widely used in the emulsion polymerization,how- ever,it is scarce for Gemini to be reseached and used in it. Therefore,Gemini surfactants used in emulsion polymerization were investigated in the paper and the concrete contents were as follows:
1. Series of Gemini of salt alklybenzenesulfonates were synthesized by changing space and side chain from toluene, benzene, triethanolamine, dichloromethane or 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,2-dichloroethane, Dodecanoic acid and pyridine through three-step process, involving Friedel-Crafts reaction, sulfonation and neutralization. The structures of the intermediates products were characterized by IR and 1H NMR.
2. The isomers of salt alklybenzenesulfonates were synthesized from chloride and o-xylene through five-step process, involving Friedel-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, reduction, sulfonation and neutralization.The alklynaphthalenesulfonates were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction, Clemmensen Reduction, sulfonation reaction and neutralization.
3. The surface tension of dilute aqueous solutions of products was measured at 25℃by Drop-volume method and then the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined. These results by reseaching the effect on surfactant at the different structure of space and side chain indicated theγCMC and CMC reduced with the increasing of carbon atom of the side chain alkyl or bridge chain. It’s also found the CMC and value of surface tensions of salt that was neutralization with triethanolamine was the lowest in all of salt alklybenzenesulfonate.
4. The surface and interfacial tension behavior of this series of alkylbenzene sulfonates and Gemini surfactant was investigated in aqueous system and crude oil/aqueous system respectively.The surface and interfacial tension active quality of alkylbenzene sulfonates and Gemini surfactant were elaborately researched, furthermore, which were explored simply to be used in the emulsion polymerization.
5. Some Gemini with excellent quality in all surfactants were reseached to be employed as emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization in order to get some helpful theoretical support.
目前在乳液聚合中使用的乳化剂大多局限于传统表面活性剂,对Gemini表面活性剂在乳液聚合中研究还比较少。因此,我们对磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的在乳液聚合中进行了研究,其具体内容包括如下几个方面:
1、以苯或甲苯为原料,通过改变联接基团,即使用二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氯丁烷等进行傅-克烷基化反应,并用氯磺酸磺化,再分别用Na0H、三乙醇胺等各种碱进行中和,从而合成了一系列离子磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂。并对合成的中间体及表面活性剂用红外光谱、核磁共振谱对其结构进行了表征。
2、以邻二甲苯为原料,经傅-克酰基化反应、格氏反应、还原反应、磺化及中和等反应,合成出结构明确的十二烷基二甲苯基磺酸钠及异构体;以萘为原料,经过酰基化、克莱门森还原,磺化及中和反应合成出十二烷基萘磺酸盐。
3、采用滴体积法测定表面活性剂水溶液25℃时的表面张力,从而确定其临界胶束浓度,研究了支链及连接基团的结构对其表面性质的影响,结果表明随着Gemini连接基团或者侧链碳原子的增加,表面活性剂的CMC和γCMC均有不同程度的减小,并且用三乙醇胺中和得到的表面活性剂的CMC和γCMC值减小的幅度最大。
4、采用旋转液滴界面张力仪对烷基苯磺酸盐和Gemini表面活性剂与胜利油田原油间的油水界面张力进行了测试,系统地研究了表面活性剂的界面张力并对它们在三次采油的应用进行了初步探讨。
5、对表现出性能良好的Gemini表面活性剂在应用于乳液聚合进行了研究,为其在乳液聚合的实际应用提供一定理论支持。
A series of new Gemini surfactants with different space group and side chain were synthesized in this paper, and its, interface quality were compared by various tests.Which were expected to be exploited to enhance oil recovery in tertiary oil recovery.
The traditional surfactants were widely used in the emulsion polymerization,how- ever,it is scarce for Gemini to be reseached and used in it. Therefore,Gemini surfactants used in emulsion polymerization were investigated in the paper and the concrete contents were as follows:
1. Series of Gemini of salt alklybenzenesulfonates were synthesized by changing space and side chain from toluene, benzene, triethanolamine, dichloromethane or 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,2-dichloroethane, Dodecanoic acid and pyridine through three-step process, involving Friedel-Crafts reaction, sulfonation and neutralization. The structures of the intermediates products were characterized by IR and 1H NMR.
2. The isomers of salt alklybenzenesulfonates were synthesized from chloride and o-xylene through five-step process, involving Friedel-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, reduction, sulfonation and neutralization.The alklynaphthalenesulfonates were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction, Clemmensen Reduction, sulfonation reaction and neutralization.
3. The surface tension of dilute aqueous solutions of products was measured at 25℃by Drop-volume method and then the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined. These results by reseaching the effect on surfactant at the different structure of space and side chain indicated theγCMC and CMC reduced with the increasing of carbon atom of the side chain alkyl or bridge chain. It’s also found the CMC and value of surface tensions of salt that was neutralization with triethanolamine was the lowest in all of salt alklybenzenesulfonate.
4. The surface and interfacial tension behavior of this series of alkylbenzene sulfonates and Gemini surfactant was investigated in aqueous system and crude oil/aqueous system respectively.The surface and interfacial tension active quality of alkylbenzene sulfonates and Gemini surfactant were elaborately researched, furthermore, which were explored simply to be used in the emulsion polymerization.
5. Some Gemini with excellent quality in all surfactants were reseached to be employed as emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization in order to get some helpful theoretical support.
引文
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