油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的研究
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摘要
油井多普勒光纤流量传感器是基于光学多普勒频移原理,通过接收运动油液粒子的散射光而测量油液流速,从而测量流量的。多普勒光纤传感器以其非接触测量、测量精度高、分辨率高、抗干扰能力强、对介质适应能力强等优点被越来越多地应用在速度测量领域。但是,由于流量测量的复杂性,利用多普勒效应测量流量的应用在国内外还很少。本文以实际课题为背景,对用于油井油液流量测量的多普勒光纤流量传感器进行了深入研究,设计了传感器系统的各个部分,并进行了流量测量实验,验证了多普勒光纤流量传感器流量测量的可行性。
本文首先对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的测量原理进行了研究:通过对光的散射原理以及对油液的组成和分子大小的研究,分析了油液对光的散射作用,估算了散射光的强度;研究了光学混频和干涉原理,推导出了多普勒频移公式和流量公式,分析了多普勒信号的组成和特点;分析了几种干涉光路,并基于迈克尔干涉仪提出了本文的光路系统设计方案;研究了光电信号检测和处理技术,分析了光电检测电路的噪声。
其次,依据传感器测量原理,对多普勒光纤流量传感器系统各部分进行了分析和详细设计,包括光发射单元、光路系统、光电检测单元和信号处理单元;完成了整个系统的搭建包括加工了本文的光路系统;设计、仿真、并研制了光电信号检测电路。
最后进行了传感器的流量测量实验,通过实验实现了多普勒效应测量油液流量,证明了本文传感器系统设计的可行性和有效性。
本文对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的研究内容和成果为这一领域的研究提供了宝贵理论资料和实际经验,具有较大的实际意义。
Doppler fiber-optic flow sensor is to measure a flow using of the light scattering effect and the optical Doppler effect. Doppler optic-fiber sensor is applied to velocity measurement increasingly in virtue of its advantages: non-contact measuring, high measuring precision, high resolution, high anti-jamming ability, and high adaptability to the liquid, etc. However, due to the complexity of flow measurement, application of Doppler effect in the field of flow measurement both at home and abroad is few. This paper, on the background of a real application problem, has made a deep research on the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor, analyzed and designed every part of the sensor system, and carried out a flow-measuring experiment to verify the sensor.
Firstly, the related fundamentals have been studied: by the research of light scattering theories as well as oil composition and oil particles’size, the light scattering effect of oil particles is analyzed as well as the intensity of the scattered light is estimated by calculation; on the basis of research of the optical Doppler effect, optical mixing and optical interference principles, the formulas of Doppler frequency-shift and flow are derived, and the constitution and characteristics of the Doppler signals are analyzed. By analysis of the present optical interferometers, this paper puts forward a new design of optical route based on the Michelson Interferometer; the technologies of photoelectric signal detection are researched and the noise of photoelectric signal detection circuit is analyzed.
Secondly, according to the research above, every part of the sensor system is designed, including light-emitting unit, optical route system, photoelectric detection unit and signal processing unit. This paper finished designing and building the whole sensor system: designed and manufactured the optical route system; designed, simulated, and developed a weak photoelectric signal detection circuit.
Lastly, a flow measurement experiment is carried out on the sensor designed in this paper. Through the experimental data, the feasibility of the sensor system is verified. In a word, the work in this paper on the research of the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor provides valuable theory analysis and practical experience in this related field, with a great practical significance.
本文首先对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的测量原理进行了研究:通过对光的散射原理以及对油液的组成和分子大小的研究,分析了油液对光的散射作用,估算了散射光的强度;研究了光学混频和干涉原理,推导出了多普勒频移公式和流量公式,分析了多普勒信号的组成和特点;分析了几种干涉光路,并基于迈克尔干涉仪提出了本文的光路系统设计方案;研究了光电信号检测和处理技术,分析了光电检测电路的噪声。
其次,依据传感器测量原理,对多普勒光纤流量传感器系统各部分进行了分析和详细设计,包括光发射单元、光路系统、光电检测单元和信号处理单元;完成了整个系统的搭建包括加工了本文的光路系统;设计、仿真、并研制了光电信号检测电路。
最后进行了传感器的流量测量实验,通过实验实现了多普勒效应测量油液流量,证明了本文传感器系统设计的可行性和有效性。
本文对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的研究内容和成果为这一领域的研究提供了宝贵理论资料和实际经验,具有较大的实际意义。
Doppler fiber-optic flow sensor is to measure a flow using of the light scattering effect and the optical Doppler effect. Doppler optic-fiber sensor is applied to velocity measurement increasingly in virtue of its advantages: non-contact measuring, high measuring precision, high resolution, high anti-jamming ability, and high adaptability to the liquid, etc. However, due to the complexity of flow measurement, application of Doppler effect in the field of flow measurement both at home and abroad is few. This paper, on the background of a real application problem, has made a deep research on the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor, analyzed and designed every part of the sensor system, and carried out a flow-measuring experiment to verify the sensor.
Firstly, the related fundamentals have been studied: by the research of light scattering theories as well as oil composition and oil particles’size, the light scattering effect of oil particles is analyzed as well as the intensity of the scattered light is estimated by calculation; on the basis of research of the optical Doppler effect, optical mixing and optical interference principles, the formulas of Doppler frequency-shift and flow are derived, and the constitution and characteristics of the Doppler signals are analyzed. By analysis of the present optical interferometers, this paper puts forward a new design of optical route based on the Michelson Interferometer; the technologies of photoelectric signal detection are researched and the noise of photoelectric signal detection circuit is analyzed.
Secondly, according to the research above, every part of the sensor system is designed, including light-emitting unit, optical route system, photoelectric detection unit and signal processing unit. This paper finished designing and building the whole sensor system: designed and manufactured the optical route system; designed, simulated, and developed a weak photoelectric signal detection circuit.
Lastly, a flow measurement experiment is carried out on the sensor designed in this paper. Through the experimental data, the feasibility of the sensor system is verified. In a word, the work in this paper on the research of the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor provides valuable theory analysis and practical experience in this related field, with a great practical significance.
引文
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3陈波.中国石油进口的现状和前景.石油安全与国际关系研讨会.北京, 2008
4张学庆.流量测量的意义及流量传感器的现状.石油化工自动化. 2005, 5:99~101
5姜印平,李智慧,邵磊.磁悬浮宽量程涡轮流量传感器的研究.传感技术学报. 2003(4):461~463
6王波.光纤涡街流量计的研究.光纤光缆传输技术. 2003(2):31~34
7 Robert F.B. Quartz Capillary Flow Meter for Gases. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2004, 75 (3):772~779
8 Pillow J.J, Ljungberg H, Hulskamp G, et al. Functional Residual Capacity Measurements in Healthy Infants: Ultrasonic Flow Meter versus a Mass Spectrometer. Eur Respir J. 2004, 23(5):763~768
9张倩,乔学光,傅海威.光纤流量传感器的进展.光通信研究. 2007(3):58~61
10李前萌,高占武,白海军.光纤流量传感器在石油领域中的进展.石油仪器. 2004(04):1~3
11田新启.光纤速度式涡轮流量传感.自动化仪表. 2000(3):14~16
12周晓军,刘文达.光纤流量传感器的稳定性分析.电子科技大学学报. 1994(2):62~65
13林国兴.用光纤多普勒效应测量血液速度.仪器仪表与传感器. 1993(1):34~35
14 Carvalho R.Tde, Blake J. Slow-flow Measurements and Fluid Dynamics Analysis using the Fresnel Drag Effect. Applied Optics. 1994, 33(25):6073~ 6077
15 Zhao Yong, Chen Kun, Yang Jian. Novel Target Type Flow Meter based on a differential Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor. Measurement. 2005, 38:230~235
16 Meggitt B.T, Boyle W.J.O, Grattan K.T.V, Palmer A.W, Ning Y.N. Fiber Optic Anemometry using an Optical Delay Cavity technique. Int. Conf. Fiber Optics and Opto-electronics. London, SPIE, 1314, 1990
17阮驰,崔崧,高应俊.光纤Bragg光栅与石油仪器.石油仪器. 2001,15(6)
18 Putanam M A, et al. Electron Lett. 1995(31):309
19贾霖.非接触式流量检测技术研究.西北大学学报(自然科学版). 1999(2):180~184
20王蕴珊,赵修业,童增麟.多普勒测速技术的新进展.济南大学学报.1995(1):64~67
21 Guilbert A.R, Law M, Sanderson M.L. A novel Ultrasonic Thermal Clamp on Flow Meter for Low Liquid Flow Rates in small Diameter Pipe. Ultrasonics. 1996,34:435~439
22 Vladimir Misik, Peter Riesz. EPR Study of free radicals induces by ultrasound in organic. Probing the Temperatures of Cavitation Regions. Ultrasonics. 1996(1):25~35
23孙渝生,赵建新,范丽娟.激光多普勒测速技术的最新发展.传感器世界. 1998(8):23~25
24 Yeh. H, Cummins.H.Z. Appl.Lett. 1964(4):178
25 F. Durst, A. Melling, J.H.Whitelaw. Principles and Practice of LDA. 1976
26 Meada, etal. Bulletin of JSME. 1985,28(240):1050~1053
27邵静波,刘博学,王成贵,王玉兰,洪光.一种新型的半导体激光测速仪.延边大学学报(自然科学版). 2003, 29(3):177~178
28刘昌文,路绯,刘杰.一种基于PC微机的新型激光多普勒信号处理器研究.光学精密工程. 2002, 10(2):130~134
29王仕康,沈熊.激光多普勒技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 1985
30沈熊,张松.激光测速数字相关信号处理器的研制.实验力学. 1998,
13(3):294~301
31姜建国,曹建中.信号与系统分析基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 1994:321~332.
32 Proakis.J.G, Manolakis.D.G. Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. U.S.A:Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988:805~812
33刘松强.数字信号处理系统及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 1996:122~123
34成建兵.多普勒光纤速度传感器.电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2004:3~20
35胡绍楼,王文林,马如超. JSG-1型激光速度干涉仪.爆炸与冲击. 1987,7(3):257-260
36 Tien.C.C, Cheng.C.Y, Yuan.T.Y, Has.Y.H. The Application of Interferometer Laser Technique in Detonics. Proc. Of the 13th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics. Tokyo, 1978:717-720
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