混浊水介质声吸收实验测量研究
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摘要
我国近岸海域属于富营养水域,在沿海和港湾附近地区往往有江河淡水携带大量泥沙注入,使得海水中不仅有大量的生物、非生物的存在,同时还悬浮有大量的泥沙颗粒物,这样的海水也称为混浊海水。国内海洋界曾对近海混浊海水做过大量的调查研究,但多是对于沉积、输运过程的机理研究,对于混浊水的声吸收、声散射特性的研究极为有限。然而系统、深入地研究混浊水的声吸收特性,对于声探测系统的设计、提高现有水声设备的工作性能等有重要现实意义。
本文就是针对混浊水的声吸收特性进行研究的。主要有声波的衰减理论,声吸收测量的原理及方法,混浊水的组成等;同时,在实验室中搭建了一套混浊水声吸收系数测量系统,该测量系统具备比较完善地真空除气、温度控制等设施。利用蒸馏水标校测量系统等效的吸声系数,采用已知浓度的硫酸镁溶液来标校测量系统的测量精度。在此基础上,测量了不同浓度混浊水的声吸收系数,研究了温度变化对混浊水声吸收的影响,总结了混浊水声吸收系数随频率、浓度、温度等的变化规律。
The sea area close to our homeland belongs to high nutritional water filed. In the neighbor field of the shores and harbors, mud and sand carried by the rivers usually pour into the sea area. There not only exist various biology and non-living things, but also exist a lot of suspended mud and sand particles in the seawater. This kind of the seawater is also called turbid seawater. The domestic ocean specialists have been doing a lot of research on the offshore turbid seawater. But their research is mainly done on the process of suspended particles' deposition and transport. Only a little research has been done on the properties of sound absorption and sound scattering in turbid seawater. If the property of sound absorption in turbid water is investigated deeply, it will be useful to optimize the design of acoustic detection system and enhance the working performance of underwater acoustic equipments.
The property of sound absorption in turbid water has been investigated in the paper. The theory of sound attenuation, the principle and method of sound absorption measurement, the composition of turbid water, etc, have been explained in detail. Meanwhile, the system to measure sound absorption in turbid water has been built up in the laboratory. There are some apparatus, such as air degassing, temperature control, etc, in the designed system. The equivalent sound absorption coefficient of the system can be calibrated by the distilled water. The accuracy of the system can be gotten by the magnesium sulfate solutions of known concentration. On that basis, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentration has been obtained. The temperature effect on the sound absorption in turbid water has also been investigated. The law that the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water changes with the frequency, concentration, temperature has been summarized.
本文就是针对混浊水的声吸收特性进行研究的。主要有声波的衰减理论,声吸收测量的原理及方法,混浊水的组成等;同时,在实验室中搭建了一套混浊水声吸收系数测量系统,该测量系统具备比较完善地真空除气、温度控制等设施。利用蒸馏水标校测量系统等效的吸声系数,采用已知浓度的硫酸镁溶液来标校测量系统的测量精度。在此基础上,测量了不同浓度混浊水的声吸收系数,研究了温度变化对混浊水声吸收的影响,总结了混浊水声吸收系数随频率、浓度、温度等的变化规律。
The sea area close to our homeland belongs to high nutritional water filed. In the neighbor field of the shores and harbors, mud and sand carried by the rivers usually pour into the sea area. There not only exist various biology and non-living things, but also exist a lot of suspended mud and sand particles in the seawater. This kind of the seawater is also called turbid seawater. The domestic ocean specialists have been doing a lot of research on the offshore turbid seawater. But their research is mainly done on the process of suspended particles' deposition and transport. Only a little research has been done on the properties of sound absorption and sound scattering in turbid seawater. If the property of sound absorption in turbid water is investigated deeply, it will be useful to optimize the design of acoustic detection system and enhance the working performance of underwater acoustic equipments.
The property of sound absorption in turbid water has been investigated in the paper. The theory of sound attenuation, the principle and method of sound absorption measurement, the composition of turbid water, etc, have been explained in detail. Meanwhile, the system to measure sound absorption in turbid water has been built up in the laboratory. There are some apparatus, such as air degassing, temperature control, etc, in the designed system. The equivalent sound absorption coefficient of the system can be calibrated by the distilled water. The accuracy of the system can be gotten by the magnesium sulfate solutions of known concentration. On that basis, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentration has been obtained. The temperature effect on the sound absorption in turbid water has also been investigated. The law that the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water changes with the frequency, concentration, temperature has been summarized.
引文
[1]R.J.Urick.The Absorption of Sound in Suspension of Irregular Particles.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1948,20(3).283-289P
[2]中国物理学会编.水声学.第一集.科学出版社,1960:58-66,62-64,98-104页
[3]M.Schulkin and H.W.Marsh.Sound absorbtion in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1962,35(3),864P
[4]Allegra,Hawley.Attenuation of sound in suspensions and emulsions:theory and experiments.J.Aeoust.Soc.Am.1972,63(1):1545-1564P
[5]G.R.Garrison,R.E.Francois,and E.A.Pence.Sound absorption measurement at 10-60kHz in near-freezing sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1975,58(3):608-619P
[6]F.H.Fisher and V.P.Simmons.Sound absorption in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1977,62(3):558-564P
[7]M.Schulkin and H.W.Marsh.Low-frequency sound absorption in the ocean.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1978,63(1):43-48P
[8]A.C.Kibblewhite and L.D.Hampton.A review of deep ocean sound attenuation data at very low frequencies.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1980,67(2):147-157P
[9]R.E.Francois and G.R.Garrison.Sound absorption based on ocean measurement.Part Ⅱ:Boric acid contribution and equation for total absorption.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1982,72(4):1879-1890P
[10]Xin-Fang Qiu.A cylindrical resonator method for the investigation of low-frequency sound absorption in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1991,90(6):2363P
[11]S.D.Richards and A.D.Heathershaw.The effect of suspended particulate matter on sound attenation in seawater.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1996.100(3):1447-1450P
[12]SimonD.Richards.The effect of temperature,pressure,and salinity on sound attenuation in turbid seawater.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1998,103(2):205-211P
[13]Niven R.Brown,Timothy G.Leighton,Simon D.Richards and Anthony D.Heathershaw.Measurement of viscous sound absorption at 50-150 kHz in a model turbid environment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1998,104(4):2114-2120P
[14]胡浩浩,彭临慧,张学刚,韩晶.混浊海水中声衰减规律初步研究.装备环境工程.2008,5(4):14-18页
[15]刘伯胜,雷家煜 主编.水声学原理.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993:68-72页
[16]何祚镛,赵玉芳 编.声学理论基础.国防工业出版社,1981:380-382页
[17]R.J.尤立克 著.水声原理.洪申 译.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990:81-84页
[18]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬 著.声学基础.南京大学出版社,2001:453-461页
[19]张海澜 编著.理论声学.高等教育出版社.2007:221-224页
[20]许肖梅 编著.声学基础.科学出版社,2003:236-236页
[21]胡浩浩.混浊海水声衰减初步研究.中国海洋大学硕士毕业论文.2007:6-9页
[22]彭临慧,王桂波.悬浮颗粒海水及其声吸收.声学技术.2008,27(2):168-171页
[23]徐禹擎,胡浩浩.悬浮颗粒物对海水声衰减的影响.科技咨询.2007,32:3-6页
[24]肖坚.中小型体育馆混响时间不确定方法的对比研究.湖南大学硕士毕业论文.2005:8-10页
[25]谭海峰.混响法混浊水声吸收系数的测量.哈尔滨工程大学本科毕业论文.2005:9-10页
[26]刘永伟.混浊水声吸收系数的测量研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士毕业论文.2007:24-27页
[27]M.Schulkin,H.W.Marsh.海水声吸收.声学译丛-水声学(水声物理专 辑).上海市科学技术编译馆出版,1965:57-60页。
[28]张琳编.噪声及其控制.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002:96-102页
[29]裘辛方,蒋济良,袁文昌,万世敏.430升充水圆柱形声共振器的研究.声学学报.1981,1(1):50-53页
[30]张武威.关于室内混响时间的计算问题.电声技术.2005,3:17-27页
[31]成忠军,周笃强,牛聪敏.脉冲响应法测量混响时间技术的研究.应用声学.2000,19(1):1-3,15页
[32]张红虎.用脉冲声能衰变与脉冲反向积分法求混响时间之比较.电声技术.2005,3:13-16页
[33]李敏毅,孙海涛,杨德俊.混响时间及测量方法简介.中国测试技术.2005,31(1):18-20页
[34]M.R.Schroeder.New Method of Measuring Reverberation Time.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1965,37:409-412P
[35]赵春生.测量不确定度的理论与实践研究.长春理工大学硕士毕业论文.2007,1 8-20页
[36]谢少锋,陈晓怀,张勇斌.测量系统不确定度分析及其动态性研究.计量学报.2002,23(3):238-240页
[37]金泰义 编著.精度理论与应用.中国科学技术大学出版社.2005:17-24页
[38]王荣军 等 编著.水声材料手册.科学出版社,1983:114-115页
[39]陈杰 编著.MATLAB宝典.电子工业出版社,2006:281-293页
[40]求是科技 编著.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.人民邮电出版社,2006:190-192页
[2]中国物理学会编.水声学.第一集.科学出版社,1960:58-66,62-64,98-104页
[3]M.Schulkin and H.W.Marsh.Sound absorbtion in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1962,35(3),864P
[4]Allegra,Hawley.Attenuation of sound in suspensions and emulsions:theory and experiments.J.Aeoust.Soc.Am.1972,63(1):1545-1564P
[5]G.R.Garrison,R.E.Francois,and E.A.Pence.Sound absorption measurement at 10-60kHz in near-freezing sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1975,58(3):608-619P
[6]F.H.Fisher and V.P.Simmons.Sound absorption in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1977,62(3):558-564P
[7]M.Schulkin and H.W.Marsh.Low-frequency sound absorption in the ocean.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1978,63(1):43-48P
[8]A.C.Kibblewhite and L.D.Hampton.A review of deep ocean sound attenuation data at very low frequencies.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1980,67(2):147-157P
[9]R.E.Francois and G.R.Garrison.Sound absorption based on ocean measurement.Part Ⅱ:Boric acid contribution and equation for total absorption.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1982,72(4):1879-1890P
[10]Xin-Fang Qiu.A cylindrical resonator method for the investigation of low-frequency sound absorption in sea water.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1991,90(6):2363P
[11]S.D.Richards and A.D.Heathershaw.The effect of suspended particulate matter on sound attenation in seawater.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1996.100(3):1447-1450P
[12]SimonD.Richards.The effect of temperature,pressure,and salinity on sound attenuation in turbid seawater.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1998,103(2):205-211P
[13]Niven R.Brown,Timothy G.Leighton,Simon D.Richards and Anthony D.Heathershaw.Measurement of viscous sound absorption at 50-150 kHz in a model turbid environment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1998,104(4):2114-2120P
[14]胡浩浩,彭临慧,张学刚,韩晶.混浊海水中声衰减规律初步研究.装备环境工程.2008,5(4):14-18页
[15]刘伯胜,雷家煜 主编.水声学原理.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993:68-72页
[16]何祚镛,赵玉芳 编.声学理论基础.国防工业出版社,1981:380-382页
[17]R.J.尤立克 著.水声原理.洪申 译.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1990:81-84页
[18]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬 著.声学基础.南京大学出版社,2001:453-461页
[19]张海澜 编著.理论声学.高等教育出版社.2007:221-224页
[20]许肖梅 编著.声学基础.科学出版社,2003:236-236页
[21]胡浩浩.混浊海水声衰减初步研究.中国海洋大学硕士毕业论文.2007:6-9页
[22]彭临慧,王桂波.悬浮颗粒海水及其声吸收.声学技术.2008,27(2):168-171页
[23]徐禹擎,胡浩浩.悬浮颗粒物对海水声衰减的影响.科技咨询.2007,32:3-6页
[24]肖坚.中小型体育馆混响时间不确定方法的对比研究.湖南大学硕士毕业论文.2005:8-10页
[25]谭海峰.混响法混浊水声吸收系数的测量.哈尔滨工程大学本科毕业论文.2005:9-10页
[26]刘永伟.混浊水声吸收系数的测量研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士毕业论文.2007:24-27页
[27]M.Schulkin,H.W.Marsh.海水声吸收.声学译丛-水声学(水声物理专 辑).上海市科学技术编译馆出版,1965:57-60页。
[28]张琳编.噪声及其控制.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002:96-102页
[29]裘辛方,蒋济良,袁文昌,万世敏.430升充水圆柱形声共振器的研究.声学学报.1981,1(1):50-53页
[30]张武威.关于室内混响时间的计算问题.电声技术.2005,3:17-27页
[31]成忠军,周笃强,牛聪敏.脉冲响应法测量混响时间技术的研究.应用声学.2000,19(1):1-3,15页
[32]张红虎.用脉冲声能衰变与脉冲反向积分法求混响时间之比较.电声技术.2005,3:13-16页
[33]李敏毅,孙海涛,杨德俊.混响时间及测量方法简介.中国测试技术.2005,31(1):18-20页
[34]M.R.Schroeder.New Method of Measuring Reverberation Time.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1965,37:409-412P
[35]赵春生.测量不确定度的理论与实践研究.长春理工大学硕士毕业论文.2007,1 8-20页
[36]谢少锋,陈晓怀,张勇斌.测量系统不确定度分析及其动态性研究.计量学报.2002,23(3):238-240页
[37]金泰义 编著.精度理论与应用.中国科学技术大学出版社.2005:17-24页
[38]王荣军 等 编著.水声材料手册.科学出版社,1983:114-115页
[39]陈杰 编著.MATLAB宝典.电子工业出版社,2006:281-293页
[40]求是科技 编著.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.人民邮电出版社,2006:190-192页