深水重力式网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究
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摘要
由于近海海洋环境破坏严重，养殖区环境污染和病害问题日趋突出，导致养殖鱼类品质下降，死亡率不断增高。为此，将网箱养殖业从内湾、近海向外海或深海发展已成为一种必然选择。然而外海水域的海况复杂，深水区浪高、流急，网箱系统必须有抵抗大浪、强流的能力。这也使深海网箱抗风浪和耐流技术的解决成为制约深水网箱养殖的主要技术瓶颈，而深水网箱水动力特性研究是解决这一技术瓶颈所必需的基础性研究。
本文采用集中质量方法和刚体运动学原理来建立数学模型，利用数值模拟的方法对重力式网箱在波浪、水流以及波流联合作用下的水动力特性进行系统研究。以期依据计算机模拟结果，在一定程度上代替传统的模型试验和海上实际观测，以达到节省网箱设计费用，缩短设计周期的目的，从而为解决制约网箱发展的主要技术瓶颈提供工程理论和技术方法。本文研究工作依托于国家自然科学基金项目和863计划合作项目。
研究论文共包含七部分：第一部分为绪论，主要介绍深水网箱养殖产业及相关学科研究的现状和进展。第二部分为基本理论与数学模型的介绍，着重分析了重力式网箱主要组成部件数学模型的建立和整体网箱模拟计算流程，此部分是后面模拟工作的基础。第三部对平面网衣系统在波浪、水流作用下的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并利用模型试验结果对计算结果进行了验证。第四部分对水流作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了模拟研究。在物理模型试验验证的基础上，分析了配重系统，网衣网目形状和网筒形径高比对重力式网箱变形和受力的影响。第五部分对单纯波浪作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了模拟研究，同时对网箱数值模拟中波浪理论的选择问题进行了讨论。第六部分对波浪水流联合作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并利用模型试验对计算结果进行了验证。第七部分对重力式网箱下潜后的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并分析了波浪作用下，下潜深度对网箱锚绳受力的影响。在文章最后对本文取得的主要研究成果进行了总结，同时对今后网箱水动力研究发展进行了展望。
In China, inshore aquaculture, mainly located on protected coastal zones, has grownconsiderably in the past 20 years to meet the increased demand for seafood products. With theexpansion of the inshore aquaculture industries, the number of suitable near-shore locationsbecomes limited, and inshore water pollution and fish disease become more severe. At present,Open Ocean Aquaculture has to be developed to settle the problems which occur in theinshore aquaculture. Growing fish offshore in exposed waters, however, brings a newchallenge to the industry. The cages, mooring systems and auxiliary equipment need towithstand a high energy environment with a full range of loading conditions such as strong,winds, currents and storms. The study of the hydrodynamic characters of deep-water net cageshould be carried out to settle the technical bottleneck of the development of offshoreaquaculture.
In the dissertation, a numerical model of gravity cage is developed, based on lumped massmethod and rigid body kinematics. Based on the numerical model, an easy-to-usecomputer-simulation system for designing gravity cage is set up to reduce costs, save time,and avoid the labor of flume tank tests. The doctoral dissertation is financially supported bythe National 863 High Technology Project and National Natural Science Foundation Project.
The contents of the dissertation are mainly composed of seven parts. In the first part, theauthor gives a general introduction of the development and prospects of open oceanaquaculture industry and relative researches. The second part is about the description of basicnumerical method and theory, which will be applied in the following chapters. In the thirdpart, the numerical simulations of the plane net are carried out in waves and current, andmodel test data are used to verify the validity of the simulated results. In the fourth part, basedon the research of the plane net, a three-dimensional (3D) net model is established andvalidated by other people's model tests. At the same time, the 3D net model is applied toinvestigate the effects of structure size ratio (RDH), mesh type and weight system on the 3Dnet deformation of the gravity cage in current. In the fifth part, the dynamic properties ofgravity cage exposed to waves are investigated by numerical model, and a special discussionis carried out to analyze the wave theory selection in the simulation of gravity cage. In thesixth part, the dynamic response of gravity cage in waves combined with currents aresimulated and verified by the experimental data. In the seventh part, the numerical model is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of net cage which is fully submerged underwater. Physical model tests were carried out to examine the validity of the numerical model.Then under different submergence depth, the mooring line force of gravity cage in waves arecalculated and compared. At the end of the dissertation, the achievements and the limitationsof my study are summarized, and prospects of open ocean aquaculture are given in personalopinion.
本文采用集中质量方法和刚体运动学原理来建立数学模型，利用数值模拟的方法对重力式网箱在波浪、水流以及波流联合作用下的水动力特性进行系统研究。以期依据计算机模拟结果，在一定程度上代替传统的模型试验和海上实际观测，以达到节省网箱设计费用，缩短设计周期的目的，从而为解决制约网箱发展的主要技术瓶颈提供工程理论和技术方法。本文研究工作依托于国家自然科学基金项目和863计划合作项目。
研究论文共包含七部分：第一部分为绪论，主要介绍深水网箱养殖产业及相关学科研究的现状和进展。第二部分为基本理论与数学模型的介绍，着重分析了重力式网箱主要组成部件数学模型的建立和整体网箱模拟计算流程，此部分是后面模拟工作的基础。第三部对平面网衣系统在波浪、水流作用下的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并利用模型试验结果对计算结果进行了验证。第四部分对水流作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了模拟研究。在物理模型试验验证的基础上，分析了配重系统，网衣网目形状和网筒形径高比对重力式网箱变形和受力的影响。第五部分对单纯波浪作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了模拟研究，同时对网箱数值模拟中波浪理论的选择问题进行了讨论。第六部分对波浪水流联合作用下整体网箱的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并利用模型试验对计算结果进行了验证。第七部分对重力式网箱下潜后的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究，并分析了波浪作用下，下潜深度对网箱锚绳受力的影响。在文章最后对本文取得的主要研究成果进行了总结，同时对今后网箱水动力研究发展进行了展望。
In China, inshore aquaculture, mainly located on protected coastal zones, has grownconsiderably in the past 20 years to meet the increased demand for seafood products. With theexpansion of the inshore aquaculture industries, the number of suitable near-shore locationsbecomes limited, and inshore water pollution and fish disease become more severe. At present,Open Ocean Aquaculture has to be developed to settle the problems which occur in theinshore aquaculture. Growing fish offshore in exposed waters, however, brings a newchallenge to the industry. The cages, mooring systems and auxiliary equipment need towithstand a high energy environment with a full range of loading conditions such as strong,winds, currents and storms. The study of the hydrodynamic characters of deep-water net cageshould be carried out to settle the technical bottleneck of the development of offshoreaquaculture.
In the dissertation, a numerical model of gravity cage is developed, based on lumped massmethod and rigid body kinematics. Based on the numerical model, an easy-to-usecomputer-simulation system for designing gravity cage is set up to reduce costs, save time,and avoid the labor of flume tank tests. The doctoral dissertation is financially supported bythe National 863 High Technology Project and National Natural Science Foundation Project.
The contents of the dissertation are mainly composed of seven parts. In the first part, theauthor gives a general introduction of the development and prospects of open oceanaquaculture industry and relative researches. The second part is about the description of basicnumerical method and theory, which will be applied in the following chapters. In the thirdpart, the numerical simulations of the plane net are carried out in waves and current, andmodel test data are used to verify the validity of the simulated results. In the fourth part, basedon the research of the plane net, a three-dimensional (3D) net model is established andvalidated by other people's model tests. At the same time, the 3D net model is applied toinvestigate the effects of structure size ratio (RDH), mesh type and weight system on the 3Dnet deformation of the gravity cage in current. In the fifth part, the dynamic properties ofgravity cage exposed to waves are investigated by numerical model, and a special discussionis carried out to analyze the wave theory selection in the simulation of gravity cage. In thesixth part, the dynamic response of gravity cage in waves combined with currents aresimulated and verified by the experimental data. In the seventh part, the numerical model is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of net cage which is fully submerged underwater. Physical model tests were carried out to examine the validity of the numerical model.Then under different submergence depth, the mooring line force of gravity cage in waves arecalculated and compared. At the end of the dissertation, the achievements and the limitationsof my study are summarized, and prospects of open ocean aquaculture are given in personalopinion.
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