从电子废弃物中浸金的实验方法研究
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摘要
电子废弃物中除了含有多种污染物,还含有各种贵金属,如金、银和铜等,如果将其作为垃圾直接进行处理,不仅造成大量宝贵资源的浪费,而且还给环境造成严重的危害。对废旧线路板进行消解,得出废旧电脑线路板和废旧手机板中金的含量分别为0.043 mg/g和0.165 mg/g,将线路板中的金进行回收,具有很可观的经济效益,同时也避免了其中的重金属给环境带来的危害。
以5.00 g废旧线路板为例,采用硝酸对其进行预处理,预处理后的残渣烘干后选用四种方法浸金,对四种实验方法分别设计了不同的浸金方案,其中碘化法的浸金率较低,其它三种方法的最佳浸金条件为:(1)存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金:固液比1:5,S_2O_3~(2-)浓度0.3 mol/L,氨浓度0.4 mol/L,Cu~(2+)浓度0.03 mol/L,温度40℃,浸取时间2.5 h,pH在9 ~ 10之间,添加5.00 mL 0.2%的SO_3~(2-),空气进气速率1.2 L/min,最高的浸金率为93.36%;(2)硫代硫酸钠法添加氯化钠浸金:S_2O_3~(2-)浓度1.0 mol/L,氨浓度0.8 mol/L,NaCl浓度0.8mol/L,温度30℃,浸取时间2 h,pH在9 ~ 10之间,添加5.00 mL 0.2%的SO_3~(2-),空气进气速率1.2 L/min,最高的浸出率达到了91.79%;(3)硫脲法浸金:pH为1.00左右的酸性条件下,硫脲质量浓度为24 g/L,Fe~(3+)浓度为0.6%,反应温度为25℃,浸出时间为2 h,矿物粒度小于100目。
对硫脲法和硫代硫酸盐法浸金的成本进行了计算,得出存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金的成本是最低的。以此法浸金为例进行经济效益分析,得出采用该法浸金时可以从1吨废旧电脑线路板中获得的利润为3090元。存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金具有浸出速度快、毒性小、操作简单,成本低等优点,且它在pH= 9 ~ 10的碱性条件下进行,对设备的腐蚀性较小,具有良好的环境效益,符合当今时代经济和环保双赢的时代要求,是未来浸金方法的发展趋势。
The electronic wastes contained various metals, such as gold, silver and copper except for some pollutants. If the electronic wastes are directly disposed as garbage, this would not only be a waste of amount of metals, but also result in serious damage to environment. The waste circuit boards were digested, the gold contents of waste computer circuit boards and waste phone boards were 0.043 mg/g and 0.165 mg/g, respectively. Gold recovery from circuit boards may not only bring forth considerable economic benefit, but also avoid harm to environment.
Taking 5.00 g waste circuit boards for example, they were pretreatmented using nitric acid, and dried the residue after pretreatment, then four gold leaching methods were choosen to leach gold, and leaching schemes were designed according to different methods. Gold leaching rate of iodinate method was the lowest among the four methods, and the best gold leaching condition of other three methods were: (1) thiosulfate leaching gold with copper and ammonia existed: solid/liquid ratio of 1:5, thiosulfate concentration of 0.30 mol/L, ammonia concentration of 0.40 mol/L, copper ions concentration of 0.03 mol/L, leaching temperature of 40℃, leaching time of 2.5 h, pH value of 9 ~ 10, adding 5.00 mL 0.2% SO_3~(2-) and air flow rate of 1.2 L/min,and the highest leaching rate of gold reached 93.36%; (2) thiosulfate leaching gold adding sodium chloride: thiosulfate concentration of 1.0 mol/L, ammonia concentration of 0.8 mol/L, sodium chloride concentration of 0.8 mol/L, leaching temperature of 30℃, leaching time of 2 h, pH value of 9 ~ 10, adding 5mL 0.2% SO_3~(2-) and air flow rate of 1.2 L/min, and the highest leaching rate reached 91.79%; (3) thiourea leaching gold: under the conditions of pH value of 1.00, thiourea concentration of 24 g/L, Fe~(3+) concentration of 0.6%, react temperature of 25℃, leaching time of 2 h, and material particle size of less than 100 meshes.
Thiourea leaching gold and thiosulfate leaching gold were selected to calculate the cost, comparing the three methrods, thiosulfate leaching gold with the exists of copper and ammonia involved the lowest cost. Taking this method for economic benefit analysis, it was concluded that the profit gained from a ton of WPCB by this method was 3090 yuan. Thiosulfate leaching gold with the exists of copper and ammonia had the advantages of quick leaching speed, small toxicity, simple operation, low cost, etc. Besides, it happened in the alkaline condition of pH= 9 ~ 10, had weak corrosion to equipment and good environmental benefits, meeting the current win-win economic and environmental requirements of the modern times.
以5.00 g废旧线路板为例,采用硝酸对其进行预处理,预处理后的残渣烘干后选用四种方法浸金,对四种实验方法分别设计了不同的浸金方案,其中碘化法的浸金率较低,其它三种方法的最佳浸金条件为:(1)存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金:固液比1:5,S_2O_3~(2-)浓度0.3 mol/L,氨浓度0.4 mol/L,Cu~(2+)浓度0.03 mol/L,温度40℃,浸取时间2.5 h,pH在9 ~ 10之间,添加5.00 mL 0.2%的SO_3~(2-),空气进气速率1.2 L/min,最高的浸金率为93.36%;(2)硫代硫酸钠法添加氯化钠浸金:S_2O_3~(2-)浓度1.0 mol/L,氨浓度0.8 mol/L,NaCl浓度0.8mol/L,温度30℃,浸取时间2 h,pH在9 ~ 10之间,添加5.00 mL 0.2%的SO_3~(2-),空气进气速率1.2 L/min,最高的浸出率达到了91.79%;(3)硫脲法浸金:pH为1.00左右的酸性条件下,硫脲质量浓度为24 g/L,Fe~(3+)浓度为0.6%,反应温度为25℃,浸出时间为2 h,矿物粒度小于100目。
对硫脲法和硫代硫酸盐法浸金的成本进行了计算,得出存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金的成本是最低的。以此法浸金为例进行经济效益分析,得出采用该法浸金时可以从1吨废旧电脑线路板中获得的利润为3090元。存在铜和氨的条件下硫代硫酸盐法浸金具有浸出速度快、毒性小、操作简单,成本低等优点,且它在pH= 9 ~ 10的碱性条件下进行,对设备的腐蚀性较小,具有良好的环境效益,符合当今时代经济和环保双赢的时代要求,是未来浸金方法的发展趋势。
The electronic wastes contained various metals, such as gold, silver and copper except for some pollutants. If the electronic wastes are directly disposed as garbage, this would not only be a waste of amount of metals, but also result in serious damage to environment. The waste circuit boards were digested, the gold contents of waste computer circuit boards and waste phone boards were 0.043 mg/g and 0.165 mg/g, respectively. Gold recovery from circuit boards may not only bring forth considerable economic benefit, but also avoid harm to environment.
Taking 5.00 g waste circuit boards for example, they were pretreatmented using nitric acid, and dried the residue after pretreatment, then four gold leaching methods were choosen to leach gold, and leaching schemes were designed according to different methods. Gold leaching rate of iodinate method was the lowest among the four methods, and the best gold leaching condition of other three methods were: (1) thiosulfate leaching gold with copper and ammonia existed: solid/liquid ratio of 1:5, thiosulfate concentration of 0.30 mol/L, ammonia concentration of 0.40 mol/L, copper ions concentration of 0.03 mol/L, leaching temperature of 40℃, leaching time of 2.5 h, pH value of 9 ~ 10, adding 5.00 mL 0.2% SO_3~(2-) and air flow rate of 1.2 L/min,and the highest leaching rate of gold reached 93.36%; (2) thiosulfate leaching gold adding sodium chloride: thiosulfate concentration of 1.0 mol/L, ammonia concentration of 0.8 mol/L, sodium chloride concentration of 0.8 mol/L, leaching temperature of 30℃, leaching time of 2 h, pH value of 9 ~ 10, adding 5mL 0.2% SO_3~(2-) and air flow rate of 1.2 L/min, and the highest leaching rate reached 91.79%; (3) thiourea leaching gold: under the conditions of pH value of 1.00, thiourea concentration of 24 g/L, Fe~(3+) concentration of 0.6%, react temperature of 25℃, leaching time of 2 h, and material particle size of less than 100 meshes.
Thiourea leaching gold and thiosulfate leaching gold were selected to calculate the cost, comparing the three methrods, thiosulfate leaching gold with the exists of copper and ammonia involved the lowest cost. Taking this method for economic benefit analysis, it was concluded that the profit gained from a ton of WPCB by this method was 3090 yuan. Thiosulfate leaching gold with the exists of copper and ammonia had the advantages of quick leaching speed, small toxicity, simple operation, low cost, etc. Besides, it happened in the alkaline condition of pH= 9 ~ 10, had weak corrosion to equipment and good environmental benefits, meeting the current win-win economic and environmental requirements of the modern times.
引文
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