中国海归创业研究
摘要
历史上,在我国曾经出现过几次留学潮,经历了“人才流失”的痛楚,近几年又形成了归国潮,迎来“人才回流”的时代。随着改革开放的不断深入,中国经济良好的发展前景吸引着全世界的投资商,也吸引了海外留学的华人学子。大量的海外学子怀揣理想,学成归国,用不同的方式实现自我价值、报效祖国。他们中的很多人选择了自主创业,成了创业的主力军。海归回国创业,实际上是人才、技术、资本、信息、管理等生产要素的一种国际流动,吸引海归回国创业,是我国新时期利用外资的新方式。各地政府运用各种手段,出台各种优惠政策,以吸引海归人才回国创业。
海归人才由于具有在国外生活、求学、工作的经验,既通晓国际规则,又掌握先进技术,并具有前沿思想理念和科学管理方法,相比本土企业人才而言具有先天的优势。但为什么海归人才回国后创业成功的几率并不高?一方面有海归自身的劣势所在的原因,另一方面,还有我国体制机制弊端以及政策环境缺陷的因素。
本文介绍了我国海外留学人员的概况,分析了人才回流的背景和动因,阐述了海外人才回流的效应,客观审视了海归自身所具有的优势和劣势,指出其在创业过程中所遇到的主要障碍,介绍了其他国家和地区在吸引人才回流方面的做法和经验,最后对我国海归人才应如何合理配置各种资源要素,顺应局势、扬长避短、克服障碍、取得创业成功以及我国政府该如何从政策上为海归提供良好的创业环境提出相应的对策和建议。
本课题的研究结果,对留学人员如何更好地回国创业与发展提出了有益的建议和设想,为以后归国的留学人员提供可资借鉴的经验,探索出一条指导海归回国创业的正确道路。同时也为政府更好地有针对性地做好吸引人才回流的工作具有重大的实践意义。
In the former time, the craze for going abroad swept the country, which made the country suffer from“Brain Drain”, and recent years, more and more people come back to motherland which is so-called the era of“Brain Gain”. With the deepgoing of the reform and opening-up policy, the bright future of Chinese economic attracts the investors all over the world, including the Chinese overseas students. Many Chinese overseas students come back to motherland after graduate from school abroad, and hold dreams to realize self-value and serve our country. Among those, many returnees choose to start up business by themselves, and they have become the main force of start-up pioneer inland. Overseas returnees start-up is factually the international flow of production factors including talents, technology, capital, information, and management. It is a new way to use foreign investment. Local governments try to encourage overseas talents to start up enterprises in those cities by all kinds of means .
Because of the experience of studying\living and working abroad, they overseas talents are always familiar with the international rules, hold advanced technology, and also have leading thinking and minds, and scientific management methods. Compared to the indigenous entrepreneurs, the overseas returnees have born advantages. However, the success rate of Chinese overseas returnees start-up is very low, why? On one hand, it is because of the disadvantages of the overseas returnees, on the other hand, there are many defects on our national market economic structure and government mechanism.
This paper introduces the situations of Chinese overseas students, analyzes the background and reasons of talents circumfluence, set forth the effects of talents circumfluence, survey the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese overseas returnees, indicate the main obstacles during the process of start-up, this paper also introduces some other countries and districts about how to attract overseas talents to return and start up business. Conclusively, this paper brings up some countermeasures and suggestions to the overseas returnees about how to optimize the allocation of resources, cater for the situation, make best use of their advantages and bypass their disadvantages, overcome obstacles, to start up businesses successfully in China. This paper also makes some suggestions to the government about how to draw up polices and provide a good environment for the overseas returnees.
Hope that the research result of this paper can help to search for a right way to guide the Chinese overseas returnees to start up enterprises, and have practical meanings for the government to attract overseas talents.
海归人才由于具有在国外生活、求学、工作的经验,既通晓国际规则,又掌握先进技术,并具有前沿思想理念和科学管理方法,相比本土企业人才而言具有先天的优势。但为什么海归人才回国后创业成功的几率并不高?一方面有海归自身的劣势所在的原因,另一方面,还有我国体制机制弊端以及政策环境缺陷的因素。
本文介绍了我国海外留学人员的概况,分析了人才回流的背景和动因,阐述了海外人才回流的效应,客观审视了海归自身所具有的优势和劣势,指出其在创业过程中所遇到的主要障碍,介绍了其他国家和地区在吸引人才回流方面的做法和经验,最后对我国海归人才应如何合理配置各种资源要素,顺应局势、扬长避短、克服障碍、取得创业成功以及我国政府该如何从政策上为海归提供良好的创业环境提出相应的对策和建议。
本课题的研究结果,对留学人员如何更好地回国创业与发展提出了有益的建议和设想,为以后归国的留学人员提供可资借鉴的经验,探索出一条指导海归回国创业的正确道路。同时也为政府更好地有针对性地做好吸引人才回流的工作具有重大的实践意义。
In the former time, the craze for going abroad swept the country, which made the country suffer from“Brain Drain”, and recent years, more and more people come back to motherland which is so-called the era of“Brain Gain”. With the deepgoing of the reform and opening-up policy, the bright future of Chinese economic attracts the investors all over the world, including the Chinese overseas students. Many Chinese overseas students come back to motherland after graduate from school abroad, and hold dreams to realize self-value and serve our country. Among those, many returnees choose to start up business by themselves, and they have become the main force of start-up pioneer inland. Overseas returnees start-up is factually the international flow of production factors including talents, technology, capital, information, and management. It is a new way to use foreign investment. Local governments try to encourage overseas talents to start up enterprises in those cities by all kinds of means .
Because of the experience of studying\living and working abroad, they overseas talents are always familiar with the international rules, hold advanced technology, and also have leading thinking and minds, and scientific management methods. Compared to the indigenous entrepreneurs, the overseas returnees have born advantages. However, the success rate of Chinese overseas returnees start-up is very low, why? On one hand, it is because of the disadvantages of the overseas returnees, on the other hand, there are many defects on our national market economic structure and government mechanism.
This paper introduces the situations of Chinese overseas students, analyzes the background and reasons of talents circumfluence, set forth the effects of talents circumfluence, survey the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese overseas returnees, indicate the main obstacles during the process of start-up, this paper also introduces some other countries and districts about how to attract overseas talents to return and start up business. Conclusively, this paper brings up some countermeasures and suggestions to the overseas returnees about how to optimize the allocation of resources, cater for the situation, make best use of their advantages and bypass their disadvantages, overcome obstacles, to start up businesses successfully in China. This paper also makes some suggestions to the government about how to draw up polices and provide a good environment for the overseas returnees.
Hope that the research result of this paper can help to search for a right way to guide the Chinese overseas returnees to start up enterprises, and have practical meanings for the government to attract overseas talents.
引文
①教育部官方网站,2007年3月6日。
①教育部官方网站,2007-03-06
①海归搜索行动,www.haiguiss.org
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①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2007:214-215
①慧博研究院.2007中国海归人才生存调查报告[N].北京日报,2007-06-25
①参见以下研究:孙健,纪建悦,王丹.海外科技人才回流的规律研究[J].中国软科学,2005(8):6-10;
周桂荣,刘宁.吸引人才资源回流的经济与科技因素[J].现代财经,2006(2):71-75;
石凯、胡伟,海外科技人才回流动因、规律与引进策略研究,中国人力资源开发,2006(2);
中国海洋大学经济学院课题组.我国海外人才回流的动因分析.软科学,2004(5):58-60
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:194-195
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:198
①昊天.”海归创业”风头劲.职业与教育[J],2006(19):40
①田北海.海归创业“三三现象”的社会学思考[J].科技创业月刊,2006(3):39-40
②齐鲁晚报,2003-07-26
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:263
①海归谈:为何不回国.搜狐教育频道,2002-12-25
②王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:270
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:266-267
②山洪.留学生归国创业面临的两大突出问题和相应对策[J].中国科技产业,2006(8):41-42
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:264.
①强小安,王育宝.我国创业投资发展中存在的问题与对策[J].宏观经济管理,2007(8): 52
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①王建刚.印度:敞开大门吸引海归[N].参考消息,2003-12-18
②王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2007: 110-118
③刘昌明.韩国是怎样吸引海外人才回国服务的.神州学人, 2005-09-20
④James Ciment, Encyclopedia of American Immigration, Volume3, New York: M.
①刘昌明.韩国是怎样吸引海外人才回国服务的.神州学人, 2005-09-20
①无锡市人事局.以“530”计划为龙头,推进人才开发工作创新发展.人才开发处2007年工作总结,2008-02-26
①何琪.“海归”人才创业与本土化.人才与开发,2003(4):6-8
①天津日报,2005-03-11
①“2006海外学人回国创业周”拉开帷幕.神州学人,2006-12-12
②张璟霖.完善风险投资运行环境的几点建议.青年导报[N],2007-12-5
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①教育部官方网站,2007-03-06
①海归搜索行动,www.haiguiss.org
①人民日报海外版[N],2007-08-10
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2007:214-215
①慧博研究院.2007中国海归人才生存调查报告[N].北京日报,2007-06-25
①参见以下研究:孙健,纪建悦,王丹.海外科技人才回流的规律研究[J].中国软科学,2005(8):6-10;
周桂荣,刘宁.吸引人才资源回流的经济与科技因素[J].现代财经,2006(2):71-75;
石凯、胡伟,海外科技人才回流动因、规律与引进策略研究,中国人力资源开发,2006(2);
中国海洋大学经济学院课题组.我国海外人才回流的动因分析.软科学,2004(5):58-60
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:194-195
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:198
①昊天.”海归创业”风头劲.职业与教育[J],2006(19):40
①田北海.海归创业“三三现象”的社会学思考[J].科技创业月刊,2006(3):39-40
②齐鲁晚报,2003-07-26
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:263
①海归谈:为何不回国.搜狐教育频道,2002-12-25
②王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:270
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:266-267
②山洪.留学生归国创业面临的两大突出问题和相应对策[J].中国科技产业,2006(8):41-42
①王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007:264.
①强小安,王育宝.我国创业投资发展中存在的问题与对策[J].宏观经济管理,2007(8): 52
①吴亚明,柳晓森.且看台湾学子留学梦.神州学人, 2004-02-23
①B. Lindsay Lowell, Federal Immigration Policies and the Movement of Chinese and Indian Knowledge Workers to and from the United States, Movement of Global Talent: the Impact of High Skill Labor Flows from India and China.9. ②David Heenan, Flight Capital, 2005.89
①王建刚.印度:敞开大门吸引海归[N].参考消息,2003-12-18
②王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2007: 110-118
③刘昌明.韩国是怎样吸引海外人才回国服务的.神州学人, 2005-09-20
④James Ciment, Encyclopedia of American Immigration, Volume3, New York: M.
①刘昌明.韩国是怎样吸引海外人才回国服务的.神州学人, 2005-09-20
①无锡市人事局.以“530”计划为龙头,推进人才开发工作创新发展.人才开发处2007年工作总结,2008-02-26
①何琪.“海归”人才创业与本土化.人才与开发,2003(4):6-8
①天津日报,2005-03-11
①“2006海外学人回国创业周”拉开帷幕.神州学人,2006-12-12
②张璟霖.完善风险投资运行环境的几点建议.青年导报[N],2007-12-5
[1]王辉耀.海归时代[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2005
[2]王辉耀.当代中国海归[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2007
[3]王辉耀.创业中国--海归精英50人[M].中央编译出版社,2005
[4]中国侨联经济科技部编.走向成功海归创业谈[M].中央编译出版社.2004
[5]夏颖奇.海归抢滩中关村[M].中国发展出版社,2004
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