海南东寨港几种人工红树生态功能恢复的研究
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摘要
近些年来,由于人口增长和经济发展,红树林湿地呈现持续萎缩的趋势。自20世纪70年代后期以来科研工作者采取了一系列措施来抑止或减缓红树林湿地退化丧失的趋势,目前有关红树林湿地恢复的研究在红树植物的引种试种与种源选择、红树林的育苗造林以及次生林的改造技术等方面都取得了可喜的成绩。截至2010年,仅东寨港红树林保护区就增加人工红树林约360hm2。但只单纯的研究红树林的物种恢复是不够,本课题通过样方调查法对海南东寨港保护区内已生长数十年的人工红树林种群结构、空间分布格局、自然更新情况、生物量、碳储量等进行研究,并通过不同人工林及人工林与天然林的对比来探讨人工林的生态功能恢复的情况,结果如下：
(1)海南东寨港保护区内在种植的人工红树林群落中,无瓣海桑林和海桑林都处于自然更新的初期,自然更新的秋茄和桐花构成了灌木层,而幼苗中除了主要组成的秋茄、桐花外,还有海莲和老鼠簕。各层次的物种多样性指数为幼苗层>灌木层>乔木层。而人工秋茄林可能由于种植密度等原因,灌木层及幼苗层的种类和数量都较少,其群落结构的自然更新较作为先锋树种的无瓣海桑林和海桑林群落慢。天然秋茄林和海莲林群落虽乡土树种,但由于人为破坏等原因,天然秋茄林群落和天然海莲林群落结构的合理性就有所差异。
(2)采用标本木法测得无瓣海桑人工林生物量为91.614t/hm2,海桑人工林生物量为85.835t/hm2,海莲天然林生物量为78.951t/hm2,秋茄人工林生物量为74.305t/hm2,秋茄天然林生物量为68.513t/hm2。并且可知,作为高大乔木的无瓣海桑和海桑林群落的生物量于远远大于体型娇小的海莲林和秋茄林。而人工秋茄林由于造林时间限制,其生物量小于天然秋茄林。
(3)通过对在18年生人工无瓣海桑林内种源距、滩面高度、林间距、林下呼吸根数目的测定及对数据分析可知,上述因子均与林下乡土树种的自然更新存在相关关系,通过SPSS的数据分析发现它们之间满足以下关系：灌木：Y,=0.998X1+0.324X2+8.54X3-0.122X1X3-75.953；幼苗：Y2=151.934-0.565X1-1.682X4。
(4)对试验样地内人工无瓣海桑林群落下乡土树种调查发现,作为先锋树种的无瓣海桑林在造林时呈林圈和林间带种植有利于乡土树种的种子的滞留,并且还可以有效地抵挡波浪对幼苗的冲洗,更有利于林下乡土树种的自然更新与生长。
In recent years, as population growth and economic development, mangrove wetlands present continuous trend of shrinking. Since the late1970s, scientists adopted a series of measures to suppress or slow down the trend of mangrove wetland degradation and loss. Current, the research on mangrove wetland restoration in the introduction of the mangrove plants try to grow and provenance selection, the nursery of mangrove reforestation and secondary forest transformation technology have made gratifying achievements. As of2010, the areas of Mangrove protected increase about360hm2in the Dongzhai Harbor. But only a simple study of mangrove species recovery is not enough, By quadrat survey, this topic has been research in population structure, spatial distribution pattern, the situation of natural regeneration, biomass and carbon storage of decades of the growth mangrove in Dongzhai Harbor protected areas in Hainan province. And by comparing the different plantations and plantations and natural forests to explore the recovery of the ecological function of the plantation, and the results are as follows:
(1) In the cultivation of artificial mangrove communities in protected areas of Dongzhai Harbor, Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler are in early stages of natural regeneration, The natural regeneration of K. candel and Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco constitute the shrub layer. In addition to the major component K. candel and Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco,seedlings have Bruguiera sexangula and Acanthus ilicifolius L.. Diversity index of All levels species is the seedling layer> shrub layer> tree layer. May be due to planting density, etc. The types and quantities of the shrub layer and seedling layer are less in the artificial K. candel forest. The natural regeneration of community structure is lower than Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler community's,who are as a pioneer species. Although natural Kandelia candel forest and Bruguiera sexangula forest community is the native tree species, but due to vandalism and other reasons, The reasonable of community structure in the natural Kandelia candel and Bruguiera sexangula is differences.
(2) Specimens of wood method to measure the biomass of Sonneratia apetala is91.614t/hm2, the biomass of Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler is85.835t/hm2, the biomass of Bruguiera sexangula is78.951t/hm2, the biomass of Kandelia candel plantation is74.305t/hm2, and the biomass of natural Kandelia candel is68.513t/hm2.And known,the tall trees of Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler community biomass is much larger than the petite trees of Kandelia candel forest and Bruguiera sexangula forest. Artificial K. candel forest reforestation time is limit, so the biomass is less than the natural Kandelia candel forest.
(3) the determination of Provenance distance, the height of the beach face, the forest spacing, the number of the understory breathing root within the18-year-old artificial Sonneratia apetala and the data analysis shows, Of these factors was correlated with the understory natural regeneration native tree species, data analysis found that they meet the following relationship by SPSS:Shrubs:Y1=0.998X1+0.324X2+8.54 X3-0.122X1X3-75.953; seedlings:Y2=151.934-0.565X1-1.682X4.
(4) The experimental plots within artificial valve Sonneratia apetala communities of native tree species is investigated and found that, Sonneratia apetala forest as a pioneer tree species in afforestation was the retention of the native trees seeds with the circle planted, And they can effectively resist the wash of waves on seedling, More conducive to natural regeneration and growth of understory native species.
(1)海南东寨港保护区内在种植的人工红树林群落中,无瓣海桑林和海桑林都处于自然更新的初期,自然更新的秋茄和桐花构成了灌木层,而幼苗中除了主要组成的秋茄、桐花外,还有海莲和老鼠簕。各层次的物种多样性指数为幼苗层>灌木层>乔木层。而人工秋茄林可能由于种植密度等原因,灌木层及幼苗层的种类和数量都较少,其群落结构的自然更新较作为先锋树种的无瓣海桑林和海桑林群落慢。天然秋茄林和海莲林群落虽乡土树种,但由于人为破坏等原因,天然秋茄林群落和天然海莲林群落结构的合理性就有所差异。
(2)采用标本木法测得无瓣海桑人工林生物量为91.614t/hm2,海桑人工林生物量为85.835t/hm2,海莲天然林生物量为78.951t/hm2,秋茄人工林生物量为74.305t/hm2,秋茄天然林生物量为68.513t/hm2。并且可知,作为高大乔木的无瓣海桑和海桑林群落的生物量于远远大于体型娇小的海莲林和秋茄林。而人工秋茄林由于造林时间限制,其生物量小于天然秋茄林。
(3)通过对在18年生人工无瓣海桑林内种源距、滩面高度、林间距、林下呼吸根数目的测定及对数据分析可知,上述因子均与林下乡土树种的自然更新存在相关关系,通过SPSS的数据分析发现它们之间满足以下关系：灌木：Y,=0.998X1+0.324X2+8.54X3-0.122X1X3-75.953；幼苗：Y2=151.934-0.565X1-1.682X4。
(4)对试验样地内人工无瓣海桑林群落下乡土树种调查发现,作为先锋树种的无瓣海桑林在造林时呈林圈和林间带种植有利于乡土树种的种子的滞留,并且还可以有效地抵挡波浪对幼苗的冲洗,更有利于林下乡土树种的自然更新与生长。
In recent years, as population growth and economic development, mangrove wetlands present continuous trend of shrinking. Since the late1970s, scientists adopted a series of measures to suppress or slow down the trend of mangrove wetland degradation and loss. Current, the research on mangrove wetland restoration in the introduction of the mangrove plants try to grow and provenance selection, the nursery of mangrove reforestation and secondary forest transformation technology have made gratifying achievements. As of2010, the areas of Mangrove protected increase about360hm2in the Dongzhai Harbor. But only a simple study of mangrove species recovery is not enough, By quadrat survey, this topic has been research in population structure, spatial distribution pattern, the situation of natural regeneration, biomass and carbon storage of decades of the growth mangrove in Dongzhai Harbor protected areas in Hainan province. And by comparing the different plantations and plantations and natural forests to explore the recovery of the ecological function of the plantation, and the results are as follows:
(1) In the cultivation of artificial mangrove communities in protected areas of Dongzhai Harbor, Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler are in early stages of natural regeneration, The natural regeneration of K. candel and Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco constitute the shrub layer. In addition to the major component K. candel and Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco,seedlings have Bruguiera sexangula and Acanthus ilicifolius L.. Diversity index of All levels species is the seedling layer> shrub layer> tree layer. May be due to planting density, etc. The types and quantities of the shrub layer and seedling layer are less in the artificial K. candel forest. The natural regeneration of community structure is lower than Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler community's,who are as a pioneer species. Although natural Kandelia candel forest and Bruguiera sexangula forest community is the native tree species, but due to vandalism and other reasons, The reasonable of community structure in the natural Kandelia candel and Bruguiera sexangula is differences.
(2) Specimens of wood method to measure the biomass of Sonneratia apetala is91.614t/hm2, the biomass of Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler is85.835t/hm2, the biomass of Bruguiera sexangula is78.951t/hm2, the biomass of Kandelia candel plantation is74.305t/hm2, and the biomass of natural Kandelia candel is68.513t/hm2.And known,the tall trees of Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia cylindria (L.) Engler community biomass is much larger than the petite trees of Kandelia candel forest and Bruguiera sexangula forest. Artificial K. candel forest reforestation time is limit, so the biomass is less than the natural Kandelia candel forest.
(3) the determination of Provenance distance, the height of the beach face, the forest spacing, the number of the understory breathing root within the18-year-old artificial Sonneratia apetala and the data analysis shows, Of these factors was correlated with the understory natural regeneration native tree species, data analysis found that they meet the following relationship by SPSS:Shrubs:Y1=0.998X1+0.324X2+8.54 X3-0.122X1X3-75.953; seedlings:Y2=151.934-0.565X1-1.682X4.
(4) The experimental plots within artificial valve Sonneratia apetala communities of native tree species is investigated and found that, Sonneratia apetala forest as a pioneer tree species in afforestation was the retention of the native trees seeds with the circle planted, And they can effectively resist the wash of waves on seedling, More conducive to natural regeneration and growth of understory native species.
引文
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