车载式不压井修井机井架设计及特性分析
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摘要
修井机是各类油田作业中起下油管柱和更换井下工具的必需装备,在增加国家石油产量,提高经济效益发挥着重要作用。随着石油行业对修井作业高效率、低成本和环保要求的不断提高,本文涉及的车载式不压井修井机具有重要的工程应用价值。然而井架作为车载式不压井修井机的关键部件,如果设计不当,会浪费原材料,甚至在使用中出现事故。因此,研究修井机井架整体的静、动态特性,寻找薄弱环节和安全隐患,为现场修井机作业提供理论规范,避免现场事故的发生,进一步丰富、完善和发展修井机井架结构的分析理论。
本文在收集分析国内外修井机相关的设计、计算和使用资料的基础上,依据最新API Spec 4F《钻井和修井结构规范》,提出了车载式不压井修井机井架的两种设计方案,建立了修井机井架的有限元模型,运用有限元方法对井架各种典型工况下进行了静力学仿真分析,得出了静态下的应力、位移变化规律,通过对分析结果的比较,最终选择了第二种井架设计方案,并通过对该方案关键承载部位的具体分析验证了此种设计方案的可行性。
模态分析作为结构动力特性研究的一种近代方法,逐渐成为现代工程领域动态分析与设计的核心,它所决定的结构固有频率和振型,正是结构承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数,故而成为其它诸如瞬态分析等动力学分析的起点。本文利用有限元方法完成了车载式不压井修井机井架的模态分析,并获得前十阶固有频率和模态振型,通过观察分析结果的计算位移,得到车载式不压井修井机井架的振动特性。
Workover rig is necessary equipment of tripping operation of petroleum string and replacing downhole tools in various oil field operation, which plays a cita role in increasing national oil production and improving economic benefit. With the improvement of the requirements in high efficiency, low cost and environmental protection of petroleum industry, vehicle-mounted pressure balancing workover rig has an important engineering value. The vehicle-mounted snubbing workover rig in this paper has an important engineering practical value. However derrick is the key part of workover rig, inconect design may waste raw materials, even results to accident in use. Therefore, studying static and dynamic characteristic of the whole derrick to find the weak links and potential danger, provides theoretical base for workover rig operation on site, avoids accident happening, and rich, perfect and development the analysis theory of derrick structure of workover rig.
On the base of collecting of the information of designing, analyzing and using materials about workover rig in the world, the designing standard of rig is discussed. Based on the latest API Spec 4F" Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures" design principles, two designs of the truck-mounted workover rig derrick are presented and the finite element model of the derricks are established. Using the method of FEA, after the static analysis of derriek under various typical loads conditions, the static stress and displacement evolutional law are obtained. Finally choosing the second design of derrick through comparing the results. And the design feasibility of the workover rig derrick is verified through analysing the key bearing parts of the derrick.
Modal analysis as one of the method of structural dynamic characteristics researching, gradually become the core of dynamic analysis and design regions. It determines natural frequency and mode shape are important parameters in the design of structural bearing dynamic loads, so it is the start of transient analysis and others. This paper complete the modal analysis of the derrick, and get the first ten steps natural frequency and mode shape, observing its calculated displacement, get the vibration characters of the derrick of truck-mounted snubbing workover rig.
本文在收集分析国内外修井机相关的设计、计算和使用资料的基础上,依据最新API Spec 4F《钻井和修井结构规范》,提出了车载式不压井修井机井架的两种设计方案,建立了修井机井架的有限元模型,运用有限元方法对井架各种典型工况下进行了静力学仿真分析,得出了静态下的应力、位移变化规律,通过对分析结果的比较,最终选择了第二种井架设计方案,并通过对该方案关键承载部位的具体分析验证了此种设计方案的可行性。
模态分析作为结构动力特性研究的一种近代方法,逐渐成为现代工程领域动态分析与设计的核心,它所决定的结构固有频率和振型,正是结构承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数,故而成为其它诸如瞬态分析等动力学分析的起点。本文利用有限元方法完成了车载式不压井修井机井架的模态分析,并获得前十阶固有频率和模态振型,通过观察分析结果的计算位移,得到车载式不压井修井机井架的振动特性。
Workover rig is necessary equipment of tripping operation of petroleum string and replacing downhole tools in various oil field operation, which plays a cita role in increasing national oil production and improving economic benefit. With the improvement of the requirements in high efficiency, low cost and environmental protection of petroleum industry, vehicle-mounted pressure balancing workover rig has an important engineering value. The vehicle-mounted snubbing workover rig in this paper has an important engineering practical value. However derrick is the key part of workover rig, inconect design may waste raw materials, even results to accident in use. Therefore, studying static and dynamic characteristic of the whole derrick to find the weak links and potential danger, provides theoretical base for workover rig operation on site, avoids accident happening, and rich, perfect and development the analysis theory of derrick structure of workover rig.
On the base of collecting of the information of designing, analyzing and using materials about workover rig in the world, the designing standard of rig is discussed. Based on the latest API Spec 4F" Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures" design principles, two designs of the truck-mounted workover rig derrick are presented and the finite element model of the derricks are established. Using the method of FEA, after the static analysis of derriek under various typical loads conditions, the static stress and displacement evolutional law are obtained. Finally choosing the second design of derrick through comparing the results. And the design feasibility of the workover rig derrick is verified through analysing the key bearing parts of the derrick.
Modal analysis as one of the method of structural dynamic characteristics researching, gradually become the core of dynamic analysis and design regions. It determines natural frequency and mode shape are important parameters in the design of structural bearing dynamic loads, so it is the start of transient analysis and others. This paper complete the modal analysis of the derrick, and get the first ten steps natural frequency and mode shape, observing its calculated displacement, get the vibration characters of the derrick of truck-mounted snubbing workover rig.
引文
[1]徐忠明.轻型修井机的现状与开发展望.石油机械,2000,28(2):48~51.
[2]葛登云,孙建荣,袁国迅等.利用现有修井设备改制修井机.石油机械,1997,25(12):32~34.
[3]彭金申.油井小修作业设备的技术现状与发展.石油机械,1999,27(3):5~54.
[4]谢永金.我国修井机的技术现状与展望.石油机械,2005,33(10):72~75.
[5]喻贵民,仵雪飞.海洋修井机国产化进程及发展方向.中国海上油气,2003,15(3):49~52.
[6]顾心怿,潘伟,张爱恩等.具有节能和环保优势的液压蓄能修井机.石油机械,2003,31(增刊):42~44.
[7]柴辛,李云鹏,刘锁建等.国内带压作业技术及应用状况.石油矿场械,2005,34(5):31~33.
[8]赵建国,李友军,陈兰明等.不压井作业设备引进技术研究.石油矿场机械,2004,33(6):104~107.
[9] Ubisch B V, Roodenburg J. A compact dynamically positioned semi sub for deep waters. 30th Annul SPE ET AL Offshore Techno, 1998(4): 565~573.
[10] Cole J C, Her P, MANN R P. World's most advanced drilling unit. Discoverer Enterprise, 1997(2): 719~731.
[11]曲守平,赵登峰.40t修井机井架强度的有限元分析.长春大学学报,2000(12):1~4.
[12]张见明.修井机井架的应力分析及结构改进.石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):17~22.
[13]贾敏华,迟见恭.前开口井架大腿型式及其性能分析.大庆石油学院学报,2000,2(23):73~77.
[14]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的静强度与疲劳分析.石油矿场机械,2001,30(4):9~11.
[15]韩东颖,李子丰,周国强.在役石油钻机井架极限承载仿真模型研究.石油学报,2007,28(2):120~128.
[16]张见明.修井机井架危险截面部位的结构改进.石油机械,1998,26(6):40~43.
[17]李夯,齐明侠.基于ANSYS的K形井架结构研究.石油矿场机械,2008,37(2):5~7.
[18]何军国,刘永勤.无绷绳桅形海洋井架的有限元计算结果分析.石油矿场机械,2000,29(3):30~32.
[19]张爱林,王光远.现役石油井架结构体系的模糊动态可靠性评定.工业建筑,1998,28(6):30~34.
[20]段明成,郑勇,万夫.JJ450/45-K4型石油钻机井架可靠性评定.石油矿场机械,2000,29(2):25~27.
[21]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的可靠性计算分析.石油机械,2001,29(10):25~27.
[22]张爱林,王玲.修井机井架结构可靠性研究.特种钢结构,2001,16(54):48~50.
[23]常玉连,邹龙庆.斜拉杆对前开口井架前大腿稳定性的影响.大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):81~84.
[24]田晓光.井架弯曲变形后的稳定校核及承载能力计算法.天然气工业,1996,(7):40~42.
[25]薛继军,许爱荣,赵志丽等.钻机井架有限元模态分析.石油矿场机械,2001,30(6):44~46.
[26]李良,李增亮,颜廷俊.基于ANSYS5.4的A形井架结构综合分析.石油机械,2002,30(4):22~24.
[27]邹龙庆,付海龙,任国友等.基于IDEAS的石油井架模态分析.钻井工程,2005,20(7):59~61.
[28]齐明侠.修井机起升动载系数的测试与确定.石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):41~46.
[29] Day H, Williams M. JU2000-efficiency by design. IADC/SPE Drilling CONF, 2000,12(5): 21~26.
[30]周国强,刘金梅.在用井架计算机模拟试验.石油机械,2001,29(1):8~12.
[31]周国强,赵庆梅,韩东颖.实验室井架模型的动态测试研究.石油钻采工艺,2006,28(5):10~12.
[32]常玉连,刘玉泉.钻井井架,底座的设计计算.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[33] Lanais G. Dynamic analysis for drilling derricks. BPP Technical Service Ltd, 1999,6(2): l~3.
[34]武吉有,焦洪柱,鲍有光.JJ160/41-K型井架结构优化及稳定性分析.钻采工艺,2000,23(2):54~56.
[35] Ke Wang, Huai Chen, Wei Wang et al. Modal analysis of oilfield derrick structure. Proceedings of the 1997 15th International Modal Analysis Conference, Orlando, Florida, 1997, 6(2): 1871~1877.
[36] Luis M, Penalver. Supporting the oil and gas industry. ANSYS Advantage, 2008, 2(1): 36~37.
[37] Victoria Gusella, Octillion Spadaccini, Andrea Vignoli. In-service dynamic behavior of a drilling derrick on a jacket platform. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 1996, 6(7): 184~194.
[38] Jan Pinka, Jozef Lumtzer, Jamil Badran. TDS-top drive system, new drilling technology. Act a Montanistica Slovaca, 1996, (4): 289~295.
[39] Woolslayer, Joseph R. Derrick inspection and maintenance enhances drilling safety. Oil and Gas Journal, 1979, 77(32): 90~94.
[40] Wang Y Q, Yuan Y Z, Zhou G Q. Double nonlinear analysis of the loading capacity of drilling derrick steel structures containing defects and defacements. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2001, 4(1): 43~49.
[41]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS(第一版).北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[42] ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS elements reference. Eleventh Edition. SAS, IP Inc,2001.
[43]倪栋,段进,徐久成.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解(第一版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003:181~186.
[44] C.T.F.鲁斯著,吴德心,谢仁物,严京敏等译.结构力学的有限元法.北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[45]魏明钟.钢结构(第一版).武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000.
[2]葛登云,孙建荣,袁国迅等.利用现有修井设备改制修井机.石油机械,1997,25(12):32~34.
[3]彭金申.油井小修作业设备的技术现状与发展.石油机械,1999,27(3):5~54.
[4]谢永金.我国修井机的技术现状与展望.石油机械,2005,33(10):72~75.
[5]喻贵民,仵雪飞.海洋修井机国产化进程及发展方向.中国海上油气,2003,15(3):49~52.
[6]顾心怿,潘伟,张爱恩等.具有节能和环保优势的液压蓄能修井机.石油机械,2003,31(增刊):42~44.
[7]柴辛,李云鹏,刘锁建等.国内带压作业技术及应用状况.石油矿场械,2005,34(5):31~33.
[8]赵建国,李友军,陈兰明等.不压井作业设备引进技术研究.石油矿场机械,2004,33(6):104~107.
[9] Ubisch B V, Roodenburg J. A compact dynamically positioned semi sub for deep waters. 30th Annul SPE ET AL Offshore Techno, 1998(4): 565~573.
[10] Cole J C, Her P, MANN R P. World's most advanced drilling unit. Discoverer Enterprise, 1997(2): 719~731.
[11]曲守平,赵登峰.40t修井机井架强度的有限元分析.长春大学学报,2000(12):1~4.
[12]张见明.修井机井架的应力分析及结构改进.石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):17~22.
[13]贾敏华,迟见恭.前开口井架大腿型式及其性能分析.大庆石油学院学报,2000,2(23):73~77.
[14]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的静强度与疲劳分析.石油矿场机械,2001,30(4):9~11.
[15]韩东颖,李子丰,周国强.在役石油钻机井架极限承载仿真模型研究.石油学报,2007,28(2):120~128.
[16]张见明.修井机井架危险截面部位的结构改进.石油机械,1998,26(6):40~43.
[17]李夯,齐明侠.基于ANSYS的K形井架结构研究.石油矿场机械,2008,37(2):5~7.
[18]何军国,刘永勤.无绷绳桅形海洋井架的有限元计算结果分析.石油矿场机械,2000,29(3):30~32.
[19]张爱林,王光远.现役石油井架结构体系的模糊动态可靠性评定.工业建筑,1998,28(6):30~34.
[20]段明成,郑勇,万夫.JJ450/45-K4型石油钻机井架可靠性评定.石油矿场机械,2000,29(2):25~27.
[21]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的可靠性计算分析.石油机械,2001,29(10):25~27.
[22]张爱林,王玲.修井机井架结构可靠性研究.特种钢结构,2001,16(54):48~50.
[23]常玉连,邹龙庆.斜拉杆对前开口井架前大腿稳定性的影响.大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):81~84.
[24]田晓光.井架弯曲变形后的稳定校核及承载能力计算法.天然气工业,1996,(7):40~42.
[25]薛继军,许爱荣,赵志丽等.钻机井架有限元模态分析.石油矿场机械,2001,30(6):44~46.
[26]李良,李增亮,颜廷俊.基于ANSYS5.4的A形井架结构综合分析.石油机械,2002,30(4):22~24.
[27]邹龙庆,付海龙,任国友等.基于IDEAS的石油井架模态分析.钻井工程,2005,20(7):59~61.
[28]齐明侠.修井机起升动载系数的测试与确定.石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):41~46.
[29] Day H, Williams M. JU2000-efficiency by design. IADC/SPE Drilling CONF, 2000,12(5): 21~26.
[30]周国强,刘金梅.在用井架计算机模拟试验.石油机械,2001,29(1):8~12.
[31]周国强,赵庆梅,韩东颖.实验室井架模型的动态测试研究.石油钻采工艺,2006,28(5):10~12.
[32]常玉连,刘玉泉.钻井井架,底座的设计计算.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[33] Lanais G. Dynamic analysis for drilling derricks. BPP Technical Service Ltd, 1999,6(2): l~3.
[34]武吉有,焦洪柱,鲍有光.JJ160/41-K型井架结构优化及稳定性分析.钻采工艺,2000,23(2):54~56.
[35] Ke Wang, Huai Chen, Wei Wang et al. Modal analysis of oilfield derrick structure. Proceedings of the 1997 15th International Modal Analysis Conference, Orlando, Florida, 1997, 6(2): 1871~1877.
[36] Luis M, Penalver. Supporting the oil and gas industry. ANSYS Advantage, 2008, 2(1): 36~37.
[37] Victoria Gusella, Octillion Spadaccini, Andrea Vignoli. In-service dynamic behavior of a drilling derrick on a jacket platform. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 1996, 6(7): 184~194.
[38] Jan Pinka, Jozef Lumtzer, Jamil Badran. TDS-top drive system, new drilling technology. Act a Montanistica Slovaca, 1996, (4): 289~295.
[39] Woolslayer, Joseph R. Derrick inspection and maintenance enhances drilling safety. Oil and Gas Journal, 1979, 77(32): 90~94.
[40] Wang Y Q, Yuan Y Z, Zhou G Q. Double nonlinear analysis of the loading capacity of drilling derrick steel structures containing defects and defacements. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2001, 4(1): 43~49.
[41]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS(第一版).北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[42] ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS elements reference. Eleventh Edition. SAS, IP Inc,2001.
[43]倪栋,段进,徐久成.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解(第一版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003:181~186.
[44] C.T.F.鲁斯著,吴德心,谢仁物,严京敏等译.结构力学的有限元法.北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[45]魏明钟.钢结构(第一版).武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000.