区域海洋管理框架模式研究
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摘要
基于生态系统的的区域海洋管理(Regional Ocean Governance,ROG)是一种新的海洋管理方式,在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等海洋大国得到广泛的应用,对我国的海洋管理有着积极的借鉴作用。本文就区域海洋管理的内涵、基本原则和方法,国外在区域海洋管理中的实践进行了介绍、分析,从理论上对建立区域海洋管理的框架模式进行了探讨,并在此基础上提出了我国开展区域海洋管理的框架模式。本文还以厦门及周边地区为案例,对建立区域海洋管理框架和相关的管理活动进行了深入研究,并提出了具体建议。
本文研究分为理论和实践两个部分。在理论研究中,对当前国际海洋管理领域前沿的海岸带综合管理(ICM)、基于生态系统的管理(EBM)、大海洋生态系(LME)等理论方法的进行了比较分析。对区域海洋管理(ROG)的内涵、基本原则和方法,以及区域海洋管理的框架模式进行了理论探讨。结合我国海区自然特点和海洋管理实际,提出了我国开展区域海洋管理的“中央领导,地方参加,国际协作,公众参与”和“地方为主,中央指导,公众参与”两种基本框架模式。文章还以厦门及周边地区为案例,从理论上对建立区域海洋管理框架和相关的管理活动进行了深入研究。在实践研究中,以厦门及周边地区为对象,进行了厦门实施新一轮海岸带综合管理战略计划研究和厦门区域海洋管理战略行动计划研究。对厦门第一轮ICM执行情况进行回顾,评估已取得的成效和存在的约束与限制,分析第二轮ICM面临的问题,确定第二轮ICM的优先领域,提出第二轮ICM总体目标、近远期具体目标和相应的行动计划。文章还分析了厦门海洋管理中面临的主要区域问题,提出了厦门开展区域海洋管理的目标、管理框架和行动计划。文章最后还对厦门开展区域海洋管理的国际合作进行了分析和讨论。
As a new marine management method, Ecosystem-based Regional Ocean Governance has been comprehensively applied to USA, Canada and Australia, etc., and can be actively used for reference in China’s marine management. This dissertation introduces and analyses the meaning, principle and method of Regional Ocean Governance and the practice of international regional ocean governance, discusses the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance theoretically, and brings forward the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance in China on its basis. Also this dissertation studies thoroughly how to establish the framework of regional ocean governance and related management activities in the case of Xiamen and its transboundary areas, and advances specific suggestion.
This dissertation consists of two sections, theoretical and case study. In the theoretical study section, theoretical methods of current international ocean governance forward fields, like Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), Regional Ocean Governance (ROG) and Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) are discussed firstly. The meaning, principle and method of Regional Ocean Governance and the practice of international regional ocean governance, and the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance are discussed theoretically. Combined with the natural characteristic of China Sea Areas and the practice of marine management, two basic framework mode of our regional ocean governance, which are“Led by center government, Engaged by local governments, Cooperating with international agencies, Public participating”and“Giving priority to local governments, Guided by center government, Public participating”. Also this dissertation studies thoroughly how to establish the framework of regional ocean governance and related management activities in the case of Xiamen and its transboundary areas.
In the case study section, Strategic Environment Management Plan (SEMP) of new round of Xiamen Integrated Coastal Management and Strategic Action Plan of Xiamen Regional Ocean Governance are studied. This dissertation reviews the implementation of Xiamen first ICM cycle, evaluates achievement gained and restraints/limits existed, analyses the problems confronted in Xiamen second ICM cycle, identifies the priorities of Xiamen second ICM cycle, and proposes general goal, short-tem/long-term specific objectives and relevant action plans. This dissertation also analyses the main regional problems confronted in Xiamen marine management, proposes the goal/management framework/action plan of Xiamen regional ocean government. In the end, the dissertation analyses and discusses the international corporation of Xiamen regional ocean governance.
本文研究分为理论和实践两个部分。在理论研究中,对当前国际海洋管理领域前沿的海岸带综合管理(ICM)、基于生态系统的管理(EBM)、大海洋生态系(LME)等理论方法的进行了比较分析。对区域海洋管理(ROG)的内涵、基本原则和方法,以及区域海洋管理的框架模式进行了理论探讨。结合我国海区自然特点和海洋管理实际,提出了我国开展区域海洋管理的“中央领导,地方参加,国际协作,公众参与”和“地方为主,中央指导,公众参与”两种基本框架模式。文章还以厦门及周边地区为案例,从理论上对建立区域海洋管理框架和相关的管理活动进行了深入研究。在实践研究中,以厦门及周边地区为对象,进行了厦门实施新一轮海岸带综合管理战略计划研究和厦门区域海洋管理战略行动计划研究。对厦门第一轮ICM执行情况进行回顾,评估已取得的成效和存在的约束与限制,分析第二轮ICM面临的问题,确定第二轮ICM的优先领域,提出第二轮ICM总体目标、近远期具体目标和相应的行动计划。文章还分析了厦门海洋管理中面临的主要区域问题,提出了厦门开展区域海洋管理的目标、管理框架和行动计划。文章最后还对厦门开展区域海洋管理的国际合作进行了分析和讨论。
As a new marine management method, Ecosystem-based Regional Ocean Governance has been comprehensively applied to USA, Canada and Australia, etc., and can be actively used for reference in China’s marine management. This dissertation introduces and analyses the meaning, principle and method of Regional Ocean Governance and the practice of international regional ocean governance, discusses the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance theoretically, and brings forward the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance in China on its basis. Also this dissertation studies thoroughly how to establish the framework of regional ocean governance and related management activities in the case of Xiamen and its transboundary areas, and advances specific suggestion.
This dissertation consists of two sections, theoretical and case study. In the theoretical study section, theoretical methods of current international ocean governance forward fields, like Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), Regional Ocean Governance (ROG) and Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) are discussed firstly. The meaning, principle and method of Regional Ocean Governance and the practice of international regional ocean governance, and the mode of establishing framework of regional ocean governance are discussed theoretically. Combined with the natural characteristic of China Sea Areas and the practice of marine management, two basic framework mode of our regional ocean governance, which are“Led by center government, Engaged by local governments, Cooperating with international agencies, Public participating”and“Giving priority to local governments, Guided by center government, Public participating”. Also this dissertation studies thoroughly how to establish the framework of regional ocean governance and related management activities in the case of Xiamen and its transboundary areas.
In the case study section, Strategic Environment Management Plan (SEMP) of new round of Xiamen Integrated Coastal Management and Strategic Action Plan of Xiamen Regional Ocean Governance are studied. This dissertation reviews the implementation of Xiamen first ICM cycle, evaluates achievement gained and restraints/limits existed, analyses the problems confronted in Xiamen second ICM cycle, identifies the priorities of Xiamen second ICM cycle, and proposes general goal, short-tem/long-term specific objectives and relevant action plans. This dissertation also analyses the main regional problems confronted in Xiamen marine management, proposes the goal/management framework/action plan of Xiamen regional ocean government. In the end, the dissertation analyses and discusses the international corporation of Xiamen regional ocean governance.
引文
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Jefferson T A, Leatherwood S, Webber M A. 1993. Marine Mammals of the World, FAO. Species Identification Guide. Rome.
Jefferson T A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin in Hong Kong waters [J]. Wildlife Monographs (144): 1-65.
Jefferson T A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin in Hong Kong waters [J]. Wildlife Monographs (144): 1-65.
Juda Lawrence. 1999 Considerations in Developing a Functional Approach to the Governance of Large Marine Ecosystems [J]. Ocean Development and International Law (30): 89-125.
Karczmarski L, Cockcroft V G, McLachlan A. 2000. Habitat use and preferences of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins Sousa chinensis in Algoa Bay [J]. South Africa Marine Mammal Science, 16 (1): 65-79.
Karczmarski L. 2000. Conservation and management of humpback dolphins [J]. South African perspective Oryx, 34(3): 207-216.
Keith M, Peddemors V M, Bester M N, et al. 2002. Population characteristics of Indo-Pacific humphack dolphins at Richards Bay, South Africa: implications for incidental capture in shark nets [J]. South Africa Journal of Wildlife Research, 32(2): 153-162.
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Kuiken S. 1996. Diagnosis of by-catch in cetaceans: Proceedings of the Second ECS [C].// European Cetacean Society Newsletter. Workshop on Cetacean Pathology, 26: 1-43.
LalMohan R S. 1994. Review of gill net fisheries and cetacean bycatches in the northeastern Indian Ocean [R]. The International Whaling Commission, Special Issue (15): 329-343.
Liu J H, Hills P. 1997. Environmental planning, biodiversity and the development process: the case of Hong Kong’s chinensis white dolphin [J]. Environmental Management (50): 351-367.
Martineau D, De Guise S, Fournier M, et al. 1994. Pathology and toxicology of beluga whales from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. Past, Present and Future [J]. Science of the Total Environment (154): 201-215.
Morgan, Joseph. 1989. Marine Regions: Myth or Reality [J]. Ocean & Shoreline Management (12): 1-12.
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