基于3S技术的香格里拉县生态系统服务功能价值变化初步研究
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摘要
土地是人类最基本的生产资料和最重要的劳动对象,维护土地利用的可持续性和有效管理研究已成为经济增长与区域可持续发展的重要前提。随着人类社会的不断发展,土地利用的空间格局、广度和强度无论是在全球的尺度还是国家或者区域的尺度上都发生了变化。而土地利用的变化往往导致土地覆盖的变化,由此对地球生态系统功能产生了深刻影响。通过对土地利用/覆盖变化基础上的生态系统服务功能价值研究,可以为生态建设和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。
本文选择云南省西北三江并流区腹地香格里拉县作为研究对象,利用GIS技术对香格里拉县30年(1974-2003)土地利用/土地覆盖进行了分类研究,在此基础上,采用物质量和价值量方法,对土地利用/土地覆盖变化引起的生态系统服务功能价值变化进行定量评估。主要研究内容与结论如下:
(1)土地利用/土地覆盖(LUCC)变化在全球变化中的重要作用已经成了当今研究的热点,利用LUCC对生态系统服务功能做定量评估可以依据已有的土地利用现状,建立土地里利用变化数据库,然后对价值进行静态、动态定量测评,得到香格里拉县近30年的生态系统服务价值变化。
(2)生态系统服务功能价值定量评估的内容主要包括三个部分:一是生态系统的产品价值;二是生态系统改善人类生存环境的间接价值,主要包括涵养水源、保持水土、调节大气、净化空气等;三是为人类提供的科学、娱乐、教育、精神和文化等方面的社会价值。
(3)生态系统服务功能价值定量评估的技术方法比较多,现在比较主流的方法是替代市场技术和模拟市场技术。
(4)文章定量的对研究区的土地利用/土地覆盖进行了动态分析,测算了香格里拉县土地利用的生态系统服务功能的价值量:1974年、1989年、1999年和2003年香格里拉全县生态系统服务功能的总价值分别为170.85亿元、167.69亿元、166.93亿元和169.44亿元。1974年较1989年下降了3.16亿元,1999年比1989年下降了0.76亿元,2003年比1999年,增加了2.40亿元,在研究的30年内,生态系统服务功能价值下降了1.41亿元,总降幅为0.83%。
The land is most basic producer goods and the most important object of labor for humanit, it is must be important premise for the economical growth and the region sustainable development process to maintenance land utilization sustainable and the effective management research corresponding. With the unceasing development of human society, the spatial pattern, breadth and intensity regardless of Land utilization have been changing not only in the global criterion but also in the region criterion.But the change of land utilization often changes the land cover and has the profound influence to the Earth ecosystem function. Through research in the service function value of land use/coverage change foundation ecosystem may provide the scientific basis for the ecology construction and the region sustainable development.
This article chooses Shangri-La County as the object of study because it is the center area in Yunnan Province northwest three Jiang Bingliu.Has classified research the land utilization/land cover in Shangri-La county during 30 year (1974-2003) by using the GIS .Then, uses the material quantity and the value quantity method to assessment the ecosystem service function value change which has be changed by the land utilization/land cover change quantitatively. The mainly research content and the conclusion are as follows:
(1) Tchange of land use/land coverage (LUCC) already to become the hot spot in the global change vital role which studies now,Makes the quantitative assessment using LUCC to the ecosystem service function to be possible to rest on already the land utilization present situation which has, and establishes the land use change database,then carries on the static state, the dynamic evaluation to the value, obtains the ecosystem service value change in Shangri-la county near 30 year.
(2) Ecosystem service function value assessment content mainly includes three parts:First is product value of the ecosystem ; Second is the indirect value of the ecosystem improves the human survival environment, mainly includes service function of water conservation, soil maintenance services function, gas regulation services function, waste treatment service function ,et al;The third, is provides social value such as science, entertainment, education, spirit and culture for the humanity.
(3) The technical method of ecosystem service function value assessment quite are many, now compares the mainstream the method is substitutes the market technology and simulates the market technology.
(4) This article quota to studied the area the land use/land coverage to carry on the dynamic analysis, has surveyed the Shangri-la county land utilization ecosystem service function value quantity: The ecosystem value of Shangrila county is 17,085,000,000 yuan 16,769,000,000 yuan, 16,693,000,000 yuan and 16,944,000,000 yuan,in 1974, in 1989, in 1999 and in 2003 .There is 316,000,000 yuan dropped from 1974 to 1989,and in 1999 compared with 1989, increased 240,000,000 yuan ,during the 30 years, the ecosystem service function value dropped 141,000,000 Yuan, the total range of fall was 0.83%.The fifth chapter has made the summary and the discussion to the article.
本文选择云南省西北三江并流区腹地香格里拉县作为研究对象,利用GIS技术对香格里拉县30年(1974-2003)土地利用/土地覆盖进行了分类研究,在此基础上,采用物质量和价值量方法,对土地利用/土地覆盖变化引起的生态系统服务功能价值变化进行定量评估。主要研究内容与结论如下:
(1)土地利用/土地覆盖(LUCC)变化在全球变化中的重要作用已经成了当今研究的热点,利用LUCC对生态系统服务功能做定量评估可以依据已有的土地利用现状,建立土地里利用变化数据库,然后对价值进行静态、动态定量测评,得到香格里拉县近30年的生态系统服务价值变化。
(2)生态系统服务功能价值定量评估的内容主要包括三个部分:一是生态系统的产品价值;二是生态系统改善人类生存环境的间接价值,主要包括涵养水源、保持水土、调节大气、净化空气等;三是为人类提供的科学、娱乐、教育、精神和文化等方面的社会价值。
(3)生态系统服务功能价值定量评估的技术方法比较多,现在比较主流的方法是替代市场技术和模拟市场技术。
(4)文章定量的对研究区的土地利用/土地覆盖进行了动态分析,测算了香格里拉县土地利用的生态系统服务功能的价值量:1974年、1989年、1999年和2003年香格里拉全县生态系统服务功能的总价值分别为170.85亿元、167.69亿元、166.93亿元和169.44亿元。1974年较1989年下降了3.16亿元,1999年比1989年下降了0.76亿元,2003年比1999年,增加了2.40亿元,在研究的30年内,生态系统服务功能价值下降了1.41亿元,总降幅为0.83%。
The land is most basic producer goods and the most important object of labor for humanit, it is must be important premise for the economical growth and the region sustainable development process to maintenance land utilization sustainable and the effective management research corresponding. With the unceasing development of human society, the spatial pattern, breadth and intensity regardless of Land utilization have been changing not only in the global criterion but also in the region criterion.But the change of land utilization often changes the land cover and has the profound influence to the Earth ecosystem function. Through research in the service function value of land use/coverage change foundation ecosystem may provide the scientific basis for the ecology construction and the region sustainable development.
This article chooses Shangri-La County as the object of study because it is the center area in Yunnan Province northwest three Jiang Bingliu.Has classified research the land utilization/land cover in Shangri-La county during 30 year (1974-2003) by using the GIS .Then, uses the material quantity and the value quantity method to assessment the ecosystem service function value change which has be changed by the land utilization/land cover change quantitatively. The mainly research content and the conclusion are as follows:
(1) Tchange of land use/land coverage (LUCC) already to become the hot spot in the global change vital role which studies now,Makes the quantitative assessment using LUCC to the ecosystem service function to be possible to rest on already the land utilization present situation which has, and establishes the land use change database,then carries on the static state, the dynamic evaluation to the value, obtains the ecosystem service value change in Shangri-la county near 30 year.
(2) Ecosystem service function value assessment content mainly includes three parts:First is product value of the ecosystem ; Second is the indirect value of the ecosystem improves the human survival environment, mainly includes service function of water conservation, soil maintenance services function, gas regulation services function, waste treatment service function ,et al;The third, is provides social value such as science, entertainment, education, spirit and culture for the humanity.
(3) The technical method of ecosystem service function value assessment quite are many, now compares the mainstream the method is substitutes the market technology and simulates the market technology.
(4) This article quota to studied the area the land use/land coverage to carry on the dynamic analysis, has surveyed the Shangri-la county land utilization ecosystem service function value quantity: The ecosystem value of Shangrila county is 17,085,000,000 yuan 16,769,000,000 yuan, 16,693,000,000 yuan and 16,944,000,000 yuan,in 1974, in 1989, in 1999 and in 2003 .There is 316,000,000 yuan dropped from 1974 to 1989,and in 1999 compared with 1989, increased 240,000,000 yuan ,during the 30 years, the ecosystem service function value dropped 141,000,000 Yuan, the total range of fall was 0.83%.The fifth chapter has made the summary and the discussion to the article.
引文
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