不同播种量和品种直播研究
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摘要
2009年在华中农业大学试验农场进行,以扬两优6号为材料进行播种量分别为：亩播(净谷种)0.5 kg／667m2、1 kg／667m2、1.5kg／667m2、2 kg／667m2、2.5kg／667m25处理的密度试验。以湖北主推品种两优培九、培两优3076、扬两优6号、Ⅱ优838、汕优63、Q优6号为材料进行相同密度下的品种试验,对不同播种量下的扬两优6号,同密度下的6个品种进行了产量、干物质积累、群体质量、灌浆速率、生育中后期光合生理特性研究。以期为湖北地区适宜直播品种和播种量提供理论依据。主要结果如下：
1.扬两优6号以播种量1 kg／667m2和1.5kg／667m2产量较高,两者之间差异不显著,产量与播种量呈显著抛物线关系；品种试验中培两优3076产量最高,其次扬两优6号,汕优63产量最低,培两优3076和扬两优6号两品种产量差异不显著。
2.扬两优6号不同播种量试验有效穗数与播种量呈显著抛物线关系,播种量2kg／667m2最多；每穗粒数与播种量表现为显著的线性负相关关系,0.5kg／667m2最多；结实率与播种量呈不显著抛物线关系,播种量1.5kg／667m2最高；不同播种量对千粒重影响不显著。品种试验6品种中,每穗粒数培两优3076最多,汕优63最少,每穗粒数与产量达到极显著正相关关系；不同品种直播间结实率差异不显著；不同品种间有效穗数变异系数4.56%,本试验的6个品种直播间有效穗数波动不大,都能达到20万左右的有效穗；千粒重扬两优6号最大,培两优3076最小,不同品种间千粒重差异极显著。
3.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和1.5kg／667m2,品种试验中培两优3076和扬两优6号在LAI动态、干物质积累以及抽穗期倒三叶长宽,抽穗期高效叶面积率较其它处理具有优势。
4.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2,品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号在群体净同化率(NAR)、群体相对生长率(RGR)、群体叶面积比率(LAR)更具优势。
5.抽穗后灌浆速率品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号有较强的优势,优势主要体现在抽穗后0-30天穗下部灌浆速率较大。扬两优6号播种量试验中,当播种量大于1.5kg／6672之后,灌浆速率下降较快,差异主要体现在穗中、下部灌浆速率下降较快。
6.品种试验,蜡熟期剑叶净光合速率培两优3076和扬两优6号比较大,两者差异不显著,显著大于其它四个品种。扬两优6号不同播种量直播试验,剑叶净光合速率在乳熟期差异显著,在蜡熟期差异不显著；在乳熟期扬两优6号播种量0.5kg／667m2、播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2剑叶净光合速率差异不显著,三者均显著大于播种量2 kg／667m2和播种量2.5kg／667m2。
7.不同品种和扬两优6号不同播种量直播稻叶绿素含量随着生育期向后推移呈下降趋势,MDA上升趋势,SOD活性降低趋势。扬两优6号播种量1kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2剑叶叶绿素、MDA、SOD三生理指标较优,品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号较优。
8.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2能延缓单茎根伤流量降低幅度。不同品种直播对单茎根伤流量影响不显著。
9.相关分析表明扬两优6号不同播种量直播产量与单茎根伤流量呈极显著的正相关关系,与LAI、灌浆速率、净光合速率正相关,相关性较好；与叶绿素含量、SOD活性正相关,与MDA负相关,与叶绿素含量、SOD、MDA三者相关性较差。不同品种试验,直播产量除与MDA负相关外,与LAI、灌浆速率、净光合速率、单茎根伤流量正相关,相关性较好,与绿素含量、SOD正相关关系,相关性较差,并与净光合速率达到极显著水平。
综合以上扬两优6号不同播种量试验和不同品种直播试验直播稻产量及其构成、干物质积累量、群体质量、光合生理特性等方面的比较研究表明：扬两优6号播种量1.0kg／667m2-1.5kg／667m2比较适宜直播,在武汉地区,两优培九、培两优3076、扬两优6号、Ⅱ优838、汕优63、Q优6号6品种中培两优3076和扬两优6号比较适宜直播。
The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Huazhong Agriculture University during the growing seasons of 2009 to study the impact of direct-seeding sowing rate(YangliangyouNo.6 net grains 0.5 kg/667m2,1 kg/667m2, 1.5kg/667m2,2 kg/667m2,2.5kg/667m2)and different varieties (hybrid rice:Hubei Main Varieties Liangyoupeijiu, Peiliangyou 3076, YangliangyouNo.6, IIYou838, Shanyou 63, QYou 6) on the yield, dry matter accumulation, population quality, filling rate, photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the middle and late rice growth stage.The main results were as follows:
1. Seeding rate trials of yangliangyouNo.6 to show:seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and 1.5kg/667m2 had higher yield, seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 no significant difference between the yield, yield and seeding rate were significant parabolic relationship. Variety trials show that Peiliangyou3076 had the highest yield, followed by YangliangyouNo.6, Shanyou63 lowest yield. The production was not significant between Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNo.6.
2. There was significant parabolic relationship between panicles and seeding rate, seeding rate 2kg/667m2 have the most effective ear; seeding rate and grains per panicle showed a significant negative correlation, seeding rate 0.5kg/667m2 have the most amount;There was no significant parabolic relationship between seed set and seeding rate, seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 own the highest seed set; seeding rate had no significant effect on one-thousand-grain weight. Variety Test show that Peiliangyou 3076 had the most grains per panicle, the least Shanyou 63, grains per panicle and yield very significant positive correlation; seed set among different varieties had no significant difference; Coefficient of variation of effect panicles of different cultivars was 4.56%, fluctuation of six varieties of test between effective ears is not significant. All can be up to 20 million effectears.One-thousand-grainweightyangliangyouNO.6isthelargest,theleast Peiliangyou3076.one-thousand-grain weight between different varieties is extreme significant.
3. Seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of youngliangyouNo.6 dry matter accumulation、leaf area index, length and width of three top leaves of heading stage were better than other sowing rate treatment, the same to high leaf area. Peiliangyou3076 and yangliangyouNO.6 dry matter accumulation、leaf area index、length and width of three top leaves of heading stage were better than other sowing rate treatment, the same to high leaf area.
4.Seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 and Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNo.6 of variety trials net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) in the group were more advantageous than the other treatment.
5. Filling rate after heading of Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNO.6 in variety trials have a strong advantageous, Filling rate of lower spike was higher than the other treatment durning 0-30 days after heading. Yangliangyou No.6 seeding rate trial, when seeding rate more than 1.5kg/6672, the filling rate of the middle spike and the lower spike decreased rapidly.
6.Variety trials, Photosynthetic Rate Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNO.6 relatively larger in dough stage, the difference was not significant, significantly greater than the other four varieties. In seeding rate trials of YangliangyouNO.6, the flag leaf net photosynthetic rate significant difference in the milk stage, was not significant in the dough stage; in the milk stage Yangliangyou No.6 seeding rate 0.5kg/667m2, seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 flag leaf net photosynthetic rate was not significant, all these three treatment were significantly greater than the seeding rate 2 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 2.5kg/667m2.
7.Among different varieties and sowing rate of Yangliangyou No.6, chlorophyll content downward trend with the growth of the aging,MDA upward trend, SOD activity decreased, the flag leaf chlorophyll content, MDA, SOD of seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 were optimum, Peiliangyou 3076 and Jan 2 No.6 were optimum in variety trials.
8.Single stem root exudates of seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 can reduce the the rate of reduction of direct-seeding rice. Direct-seeding of different varieties has little effect to single stem root exudates.
9.Correlation analysis showed that the yield of seeding rate of Yangliangyou No.6 with a single stem root exudate showed significant positive correlation,with LAI, filling rate, net photosynthetic rate showed positive correlation and the correlation was better; but with chlorophyll content, SOD activity showed a negative correlation, with MDA showed a positive correlation, with chlorophyll content,SOD, MDA showed a poor correlation. Experiment of different varieties, except the yield of different varieties with MDA showed a negative correlation, and with LAI, filling rate, net photosynthetic rate, a single stem root exudates showed a positive correlation and the correlation is good, and with the chlorophyll content, SOD positive correlation and the correlations were poor, and with the net photosynthetic rate reached a significant level.
In summary, by experiment of seeding rate of Yangliangyou No.6 and different varieties,rice yield and its components, dry matter accumulation,population quality, photosynthetic characteristics etal the comparison shows:seeding rate 1.0kg/667m2-1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 were more suitable to direct-seeding, in Wuhan, among Liangyoupeijiu, Peiliangyou 3076, Yangliangyou No.6, Ilyou 838, Shanyou 63, Qyou6, Peiliangyou 3076 and Yangliangyou No.6 of the six varieties were more appropriate to direct-seeding.
1.扬两优6号以播种量1 kg／667m2和1.5kg／667m2产量较高,两者之间差异不显著,产量与播种量呈显著抛物线关系；品种试验中培两优3076产量最高,其次扬两优6号,汕优63产量最低,培两优3076和扬两优6号两品种产量差异不显著。
2.扬两优6号不同播种量试验有效穗数与播种量呈显著抛物线关系,播种量2kg／667m2最多；每穗粒数与播种量表现为显著的线性负相关关系,0.5kg／667m2最多；结实率与播种量呈不显著抛物线关系,播种量1.5kg／667m2最高；不同播种量对千粒重影响不显著。品种试验6品种中,每穗粒数培两优3076最多,汕优63最少,每穗粒数与产量达到极显著正相关关系；不同品种直播间结实率差异不显著；不同品种间有效穗数变异系数4.56%,本试验的6个品种直播间有效穗数波动不大,都能达到20万左右的有效穗；千粒重扬两优6号最大,培两优3076最小,不同品种间千粒重差异极显著。
3.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和1.5kg／667m2,品种试验中培两优3076和扬两优6号在LAI动态、干物质积累以及抽穗期倒三叶长宽,抽穗期高效叶面积率较其它处理具有优势。
4.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2,品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号在群体净同化率(NAR)、群体相对生长率(RGR)、群体叶面积比率(LAR)更具优势。
5.抽穗后灌浆速率品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号有较强的优势,优势主要体现在抽穗后0-30天穗下部灌浆速率较大。扬两优6号播种量试验中,当播种量大于1.5kg／6672之后,灌浆速率下降较快,差异主要体现在穗中、下部灌浆速率下降较快。
6.品种试验,蜡熟期剑叶净光合速率培两优3076和扬两优6号比较大,两者差异不显著,显著大于其它四个品种。扬两优6号不同播种量直播试验,剑叶净光合速率在乳熟期差异显著,在蜡熟期差异不显著；在乳熟期扬两优6号播种量0.5kg／667m2、播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2剑叶净光合速率差异不显著,三者均显著大于播种量2 kg／667m2和播种量2.5kg／667m2。
7.不同品种和扬两优6号不同播种量直播稻叶绿素含量随着生育期向后推移呈下降趋势,MDA上升趋势,SOD活性降低趋势。扬两优6号播种量1kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2剑叶叶绿素、MDA、SOD三生理指标较优,品种试验培两优3076和扬两优6号较优。
8.扬两优6号播种量1 kg／667m2和播种量1.5kg／667m2能延缓单茎根伤流量降低幅度。不同品种直播对单茎根伤流量影响不显著。
9.相关分析表明扬两优6号不同播种量直播产量与单茎根伤流量呈极显著的正相关关系,与LAI、灌浆速率、净光合速率正相关,相关性较好；与叶绿素含量、SOD活性正相关,与MDA负相关,与叶绿素含量、SOD、MDA三者相关性较差。不同品种试验,直播产量除与MDA负相关外,与LAI、灌浆速率、净光合速率、单茎根伤流量正相关,相关性较好,与绿素含量、SOD正相关关系,相关性较差,并与净光合速率达到极显著水平。
综合以上扬两优6号不同播种量试验和不同品种直播试验直播稻产量及其构成、干物质积累量、群体质量、光合生理特性等方面的比较研究表明：扬两优6号播种量1.0kg／667m2-1.5kg／667m2比较适宜直播,在武汉地区,两优培九、培两优3076、扬两优6号、Ⅱ优838、汕优63、Q优6号6品种中培两优3076和扬两优6号比较适宜直播。
The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Huazhong Agriculture University during the growing seasons of 2009 to study the impact of direct-seeding sowing rate(YangliangyouNo.6 net grains 0.5 kg/667m2,1 kg/667m2, 1.5kg/667m2,2 kg/667m2,2.5kg/667m2)and different varieties (hybrid rice:Hubei Main Varieties Liangyoupeijiu, Peiliangyou 3076, YangliangyouNo.6, IIYou838, Shanyou 63, QYou 6) on the yield, dry matter accumulation, population quality, filling rate, photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the middle and late rice growth stage.The main results were as follows:
1. Seeding rate trials of yangliangyouNo.6 to show:seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and 1.5kg/667m2 had higher yield, seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 no significant difference between the yield, yield and seeding rate were significant parabolic relationship. Variety trials show that Peiliangyou3076 had the highest yield, followed by YangliangyouNo.6, Shanyou63 lowest yield. The production was not significant between Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNo.6.
2. There was significant parabolic relationship between panicles and seeding rate, seeding rate 2kg/667m2 have the most effective ear; seeding rate and grains per panicle showed a significant negative correlation, seeding rate 0.5kg/667m2 have the most amount;There was no significant parabolic relationship between seed set and seeding rate, seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 own the highest seed set; seeding rate had no significant effect on one-thousand-grain weight. Variety Test show that Peiliangyou 3076 had the most grains per panicle, the least Shanyou 63, grains per panicle and yield very significant positive correlation; seed set among different varieties had no significant difference; Coefficient of variation of effect panicles of different cultivars was 4.56%, fluctuation of six varieties of test between effective ears is not significant. All can be up to 20 million effectears.One-thousand-grainweightyangliangyouNO.6isthelargest,theleast Peiliangyou3076.one-thousand-grain weight between different varieties is extreme significant.
3. Seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of youngliangyouNo.6 dry matter accumulation、leaf area index, length and width of three top leaves of heading stage were better than other sowing rate treatment, the same to high leaf area. Peiliangyou3076 and yangliangyouNO.6 dry matter accumulation、leaf area index、length and width of three top leaves of heading stage were better than other sowing rate treatment, the same to high leaf area.
4.Seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 and Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNo.6 of variety trials net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) in the group were more advantageous than the other treatment.
5. Filling rate after heading of Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNO.6 in variety trials have a strong advantageous, Filling rate of lower spike was higher than the other treatment durning 0-30 days after heading. Yangliangyou No.6 seeding rate trial, when seeding rate more than 1.5kg/6672, the filling rate of the middle spike and the lower spike decreased rapidly.
6.Variety trials, Photosynthetic Rate Peiliangyou 3076 and YangliangyouNO.6 relatively larger in dough stage, the difference was not significant, significantly greater than the other four varieties. In seeding rate trials of YangliangyouNO.6, the flag leaf net photosynthetic rate significant difference in the milk stage, was not significant in the dough stage; in the milk stage Yangliangyou No.6 seeding rate 0.5kg/667m2, seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 flag leaf net photosynthetic rate was not significant, all these three treatment were significantly greater than the seeding rate 2 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 2.5kg/667m2.
7.Among different varieties and sowing rate of Yangliangyou No.6, chlorophyll content downward trend with the growth of the aging,MDA upward trend, SOD activity decreased, the flag leaf chlorophyll content, MDA, SOD of seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 were optimum, Peiliangyou 3076 and Jan 2 No.6 were optimum in variety trials.
8.Single stem root exudates of seeding rate 1 kg/667m2 and seeding rate 1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 can reduce the the rate of reduction of direct-seeding rice. Direct-seeding of different varieties has little effect to single stem root exudates.
9.Correlation analysis showed that the yield of seeding rate of Yangliangyou No.6 with a single stem root exudate showed significant positive correlation,with LAI, filling rate, net photosynthetic rate showed positive correlation and the correlation was better; but with chlorophyll content, SOD activity showed a negative correlation, with MDA showed a positive correlation, with chlorophyll content,SOD, MDA showed a poor correlation. Experiment of different varieties, except the yield of different varieties with MDA showed a negative correlation, and with LAI, filling rate, net photosynthetic rate, a single stem root exudates showed a positive correlation and the correlation is good, and with the chlorophyll content, SOD positive correlation and the correlations were poor, and with the net photosynthetic rate reached a significant level.
In summary, by experiment of seeding rate of Yangliangyou No.6 and different varieties,rice yield and its components, dry matter accumulation,population quality, photosynthetic characteristics etal the comparison shows:seeding rate 1.0kg/667m2-1.5kg/667m2 of Yangliangyou No.6 were more suitable to direct-seeding, in Wuhan, among Liangyoupeijiu, Peiliangyou 3076, Yangliangyou No.6, Ilyou 838, Shanyou 63, Qyou6, Peiliangyou 3076 and Yangliangyou No.6 of the six varieties were more appropriate to direct-seeding.
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