白垩纪大洋红层的时空演化
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摘要
通过近几年来对白垩纪沉积记录转变的研究发现，从贝雷姆早期一直到赛诺曼-土仑界线，以同时广泛出现黑色页岩和大洋红层为特征。基于此，本人通过对贝雷姆阶到马斯特里赫特阶全球大洋红层的研究，对大洋红层的时空演化进行了探讨，并讨论了其古海洋、古气候意义。
本文首先研究了白垩纪藏南红层的特征。之后，在分析全球CORB分布的基础上，我们认为大洋红层的分布地区主要集中在：特提斯地区、北大西洋、南大西洋、太平洋、印度洋及大洋洲六大区域。相应地，对每个区域的大洋红层特征进行了详细研究和对比，同时利用GRAPHYCOR软件进行辅助对比。通过对比，认为：1)这些全球分布的大洋红层主要出现在晚白垩世，2)一般分布在深水环境、低纬地区，3)在岩性上，主要由红色页岩、红色灰岩、红色泥灰岩、红色泥岩、红色硅质页岩几种岩性组成，4)有机碳含量普遍较低。
其次，根据对红层的分布地区、分布时间的归纳，绘制了从贝雷姆阶-马斯特里赫特阶大洋红层的古地理分布图，并结合古板块运动对其进行成因分析。根据古地理恢复图推测出，南大西洋、北大西洋、特提斯洋的连通，使得富氧的下沉水团能够被洋流带到深海并且具有较好的流动性，从而该区域能够出现红层。
最后，在了解了古地理与红层分布关系的基础上，模拟了晚白垩世南、北大西洋，特提斯洋区域的古环流模型，同时也提出正是由于该环流形式的存在，导致当时全球深海普遍富氧，全球气候变冷。
With analyzing the transition of the Cretaceous sedimentary, we found out that, from early Barremian to Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, the stratigraphy is mainly characterized by the widespread of back shales and CORBs. Some units are mainly consisted of black shales, while others are composed of CORBs. It is possible that the alternation of black shale and CORBs occurs in certain units. By correlating the globally distributed CORBs from Barremian to Maastrichitian, this paper discussed the temporal and spatial evolution of CORBs and its implications for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the features of the CORBs in Southern Tibet. And then on the basis of distribution of the CORBs in the world, we found out that they are located in five regions, which are Tethys region, North Altantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Oceania. We study and correlate the characteristics of the CORBs located respectively in different area. The software GRAPHYCOR was used for the correlation as well. The results show that: 1) the globally distributed CORBs were mainly present in late Cretaceous; 2)the paleoenvironment of the CORBs is deep water of low latitude area in general; 3)the lithologies are mainly consisted of red shale, red limestone, red marlstone, red mudstone and red siliciclastic shale; 4) the content of organic carbon is quite low.
Secondly, according to the the temporal and spatial distribution of CORBs, we signed the expose of CORBs on the paleogeography map from Baremian to maastrichtian. In combination with the plate tectonics, we explored what causes the formation of CORBs. We inferred that the formation of CORBs is related to the open of south Atlantic and the connection between north Atlantic and Tethyan ocean. Because of the connection of south Atlantic, north Atlantic and Tetheyan ocean, the Oxygen-rich down-welling water can be brought to deep sea and have the capacity of fluidness, which lead to the formation of CORBs in these areas.
Finally, the late Cretaceous circulation between South Atlantic, North Atlantic and Tethys Ocean was simulated, based on the relationship between the paleogeography and distribution of the CORBs. We suggest that the circulation leads to oxic bottom water and even the cooling of world.
本文首先研究了白垩纪藏南红层的特征。之后，在分析全球CORB分布的基础上，我们认为大洋红层的分布地区主要集中在：特提斯地区、北大西洋、南大西洋、太平洋、印度洋及大洋洲六大区域。相应地，对每个区域的大洋红层特征进行了详细研究和对比，同时利用GRAPHYCOR软件进行辅助对比。通过对比，认为：1)这些全球分布的大洋红层主要出现在晚白垩世，2)一般分布在深水环境、低纬地区，3)在岩性上，主要由红色页岩、红色灰岩、红色泥灰岩、红色泥岩、红色硅质页岩几种岩性组成，4)有机碳含量普遍较低。
其次，根据对红层的分布地区、分布时间的归纳，绘制了从贝雷姆阶-马斯特里赫特阶大洋红层的古地理分布图，并结合古板块运动对其进行成因分析。根据古地理恢复图推测出，南大西洋、北大西洋、特提斯洋的连通，使得富氧的下沉水团能够被洋流带到深海并且具有较好的流动性，从而该区域能够出现红层。
最后，在了解了古地理与红层分布关系的基础上，模拟了晚白垩世南、北大西洋，特提斯洋区域的古环流模型，同时也提出正是由于该环流形式的存在，导致当时全球深海普遍富氧，全球气候变冷。
With analyzing the transition of the Cretaceous sedimentary, we found out that, from early Barremian to Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, the stratigraphy is mainly characterized by the widespread of back shales and CORBs. Some units are mainly consisted of black shales, while others are composed of CORBs. It is possible that the alternation of black shale and CORBs occurs in certain units. By correlating the globally distributed CORBs from Barremian to Maastrichitian, this paper discussed the temporal and spatial evolution of CORBs and its implications for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the features of the CORBs in Southern Tibet. And then on the basis of distribution of the CORBs in the world, we found out that they are located in five regions, which are Tethys region, North Altantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Oceania. We study and correlate the characteristics of the CORBs located respectively in different area. The software GRAPHYCOR was used for the correlation as well. The results show that: 1) the globally distributed CORBs were mainly present in late Cretaceous; 2)the paleoenvironment of the CORBs is deep water of low latitude area in general; 3)the lithologies are mainly consisted of red shale, red limestone, red marlstone, red mudstone and red siliciclastic shale; 4) the content of organic carbon is quite low.
Secondly, according to the the temporal and spatial distribution of CORBs, we signed the expose of CORBs on the paleogeography map from Baremian to maastrichtian. In combination with the plate tectonics, we explored what causes the formation of CORBs. We inferred that the formation of CORBs is related to the open of south Atlantic and the connection between north Atlantic and Tethyan ocean. Because of the connection of south Atlantic, north Atlantic and Tetheyan ocean, the Oxygen-rich down-welling water can be brought to deep sea and have the capacity of fluidness, which lead to the formation of CORBs in these areas.
Finally, the late Cretaceous circulation between South Atlantic, North Atlantic and Tethys Ocean was simulated, based on the relationship between the paleogeography and distribution of the CORBs. We suggest that the circulation leads to oxic bottom water and even the cooling of world.
引文
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