近岸海域氮磷污染生态修复与大型海藻生物能源提取研究
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摘要
大量氮磷营养盐向近岸海域的输送造成了水体的富营养化现象,并引发了赤潮等一系列生态环境问题。因而,控制近岸海域中氮磷污染是我们目前面临的一个重大课题。
通过野外调查和放射性镭同位素示踪技术的应用,研究确定了海底地下水排泄对近岸海域氮磷富营养化具有不可忽视的作用,是造成沿海氮磷污染未得到根本性好转的原因之一
海水氮磷污染的原位修复将有助于缓减富营养化现象,所以,本论文通过模拟实验和现场采样对比,研究了大型海藻——海带对海水氮磷的吸收特征、过程及其影响因素,发现海带对氨氮、硝酸盐氮和活性磷酸盐都有较好的吸收效果,能够作为海水氮磷污染修复的藻种,并确定了海带吸收氮磷过程适宜的条件,认为规模化海带养殖是治理近岸海域富营养化的一种有效途径。
为了对上述收获的海带进一步进行利用,实验研究了海带生物能源的提取过程。海带中丰富的碳水化合物可以作为海藻生物乙醇提取的重要原料。通过多种预处理方法以及实验条件的优化,实验发现在酿酒酵母发酵过程中,蛋白酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶共同处理的海带粉末具有最高的乙醇产率,为3.32g/100g干海带。实验还对其经济可行性与提高利用价值的方法进行了探讨,为实现海带的综合利用提供了参考。
Large quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) nutrients are transported into the coastal ocean, which introduce the eutrophication of sea water, contributing to a series of ecological problems, like harmful algae bloom (known as HAB). Thus, it's an important subject to control the N and P pollution in coastal ocean.
By in-field investigations and the use of 226Ra tracing technique, it is confirmed that submarine groundwater discharge has an ineglectable effect on near shore eutrophication, and it's one of the reasons for the on-going N and P pollution in coastal oceans.
The in-situ remediation of N and P in sea water can help reduce the pollution. Through modeling experiments and in-situ investigation, the thesis studied the N and P absorption characteristics, process and its influencing factors of the macroalge—Laminaria japonica (also called as kelp in China). It is found that nitrate, ammonia and phosphate in the culture media are absorbed efficiently by the kelp, which can be a remediation alga for N and P pollution. And the suitable conditions for N and P absorption are confirmed. These results make large scale kelp cultivation an effective way to control the near shore eutrophication.
In order to utilize the harvest kelp, the extraction of bio-energy is also studied. The carbohydrate in the kelp is the main source for bio-energy extraction. After various pretreatments and optimization of the cultivation conditions, the enzymatic treatment, using protease, cellulose and pectinase, shows the best result, obtaining an ethanol yield of 3.32g/100g DW, fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The economic feasibility and ways to improve the kelp value are also investigated, offering a basis for integrated utilization of the kelp.
通过野外调查和放射性镭同位素示踪技术的应用,研究确定了海底地下水排泄对近岸海域氮磷富营养化具有不可忽视的作用,是造成沿海氮磷污染未得到根本性好转的原因之一
海水氮磷污染的原位修复将有助于缓减富营养化现象,所以,本论文通过模拟实验和现场采样对比,研究了大型海藻——海带对海水氮磷的吸收特征、过程及其影响因素,发现海带对氨氮、硝酸盐氮和活性磷酸盐都有较好的吸收效果,能够作为海水氮磷污染修复的藻种,并确定了海带吸收氮磷过程适宜的条件,认为规模化海带养殖是治理近岸海域富营养化的一种有效途径。
为了对上述收获的海带进一步进行利用,实验研究了海带生物能源的提取过程。海带中丰富的碳水化合物可以作为海藻生物乙醇提取的重要原料。通过多种预处理方法以及实验条件的优化,实验发现在酿酒酵母发酵过程中,蛋白酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶共同处理的海带粉末具有最高的乙醇产率,为3.32g/100g干海带。实验还对其经济可行性与提高利用价值的方法进行了探讨,为实现海带的综合利用提供了参考。
Large quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) nutrients are transported into the coastal ocean, which introduce the eutrophication of sea water, contributing to a series of ecological problems, like harmful algae bloom (known as HAB). Thus, it's an important subject to control the N and P pollution in coastal ocean.
By in-field investigations and the use of 226Ra tracing technique, it is confirmed that submarine groundwater discharge has an ineglectable effect on near shore eutrophication, and it's one of the reasons for the on-going N and P pollution in coastal oceans.
The in-situ remediation of N and P in sea water can help reduce the pollution. Through modeling experiments and in-situ investigation, the thesis studied the N and P absorption characteristics, process and its influencing factors of the macroalge—Laminaria japonica (also called as kelp in China). It is found that nitrate, ammonia and phosphate in the culture media are absorbed efficiently by the kelp, which can be a remediation alga for N and P pollution. And the suitable conditions for N and P absorption are confirmed. These results make large scale kelp cultivation an effective way to control the near shore eutrophication.
In order to utilize the harvest kelp, the extraction of bio-energy is also studied. The carbohydrate in the kelp is the main source for bio-energy extraction. After various pretreatments and optimization of the cultivation conditions, the enzymatic treatment, using protease, cellulose and pectinase, shows the best result, obtaining an ethanol yield of 3.32g/100g DW, fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The economic feasibility and ways to improve the kelp value are also investigated, offering a basis for integrated utilization of the kelp.
引文
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