污泥/煤灰渣物相变化与熔融特性研究
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摘要
灰渣熔融特性关系到结渣特性的判断、排渣方式的选择等方面,是影响锅炉正常运行的一个重要因素。国内外很多学者对于污泥/煤燃烧的研究主要集中于燃烧特性以及污染物排放特性等方面,而对污泥/煤燃烧产生的灰渣的熔融特性研究较少。
本文选取了兰坝煤和城市污水污泥,并按照一定的掺混比例制取灰样。通过灰熔点测试、X-射线衍射、TD-DSC、SEM/EDX等手段对灰渣进行分析,从矿物学、热分析、微观结构等角度对灰渣的熔融特性进行分析研究,以期为污泥与煤混合燃料焚烧炉的设计提供相关参考。
本文的主要内容如下:
1.利用灰锥法对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣的熔融性进行了研究,发现随着污泥含量的上升,灰熔融特征温度随之降低。
2.利用X-射线衍射法对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下,不同煅烧温度下的灰渣进行了研究,从矿物学的角度来分析灰内各矿物质组分对灰熔融特性的影响。发现污泥灰中赤铁矿和钙长石的相对高含量导致其熔融特征温度较低,煤灰中莫来石的相对高含量导致了其较高的熔融特征温度。
3.利用热重法和差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣的熔融特性进行了研究。并对TG曲线上的失重峰以及DSC曲线上的特征峰的成因进行了分析。发现煤灰中含有碳酸盐类矿物质和硫酸盐类矿物质,但含量均较少。污泥含量为30%、50%的混合试样灰渣、污泥灰中含有较多的Ca(OH)2,碳酸盐类矿物质和硫酸盐类矿物质,并且其含量随着污泥掺混比例的提高而升高。
4.利用SEM/EDX对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣进行了形貌分析和元素分析,发现随着煅烧温度的提高,灰渣熔融程度加剧,各灰渣的成分基本接近。
Slagging properties and selection of slag dischange form of boiler are affected by ash Fusion characteristics. And it’s an important factor that affects the normal operation of boilers. Many domestic and foreign scholars who study on combustion of blends of sludge and coal mainly focus on combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of blends of sludge and coal. While the fusion characteristics of blends of sludge and coal is rarely studied.
This thesis selects Lanba coal and sewage sludge ash, and make ash samples according to certain mixing proportion. The ash was analyzed by ash melting point testing, X-ray diffraction, TD-DSC, SEM/EDX means. And fusion characteristics were studied from minerals, microstructure perspective in order to provide relevant repference for the design of the sludge and coal mixed fuel boiler.
The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1. Fusion characteristic of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by pyramid metod, and found as the sludge content rising in blends, fusion characteristics temperatures of ash reduce.
2. Mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion and different calcining temperature were studied by XRD. And the influence of minerals in ash to ash fusion characteristic is analysised from mineralogical perspective, and found the relatively high contents of hematite and calcium feldspar in sludge ash caused the characteristic temperatures low, the relatively low contents of mullite coal ash caused the characteristic temperatures high.
3. Fusion characteristic of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by TG-DSC. The causes of formation of weightlessness peak on TG curves and characteristic peaks on DSC curves were analyzed. A little carbonate and sulphate were found in coal ash. Carbonate, sulphate, Ca(OH)2 were found in blends ash and sludge ash. And the contents rise as the content of sludge in blends rise.
4. Microscopy and element of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by SEM and EDX. And the different morphological features of scanning photo were analyzed by EDX to reflect the element differences, found as the improvement of calcining temperature, but there is no obvious difference of the elements in each ash sample.
本文选取了兰坝煤和城市污水污泥,并按照一定的掺混比例制取灰样。通过灰熔点测试、X-射线衍射、TD-DSC、SEM/EDX等手段对灰渣进行分析,从矿物学、热分析、微观结构等角度对灰渣的熔融特性进行分析研究,以期为污泥与煤混合燃料焚烧炉的设计提供相关参考。
本文的主要内容如下:
1.利用灰锥法对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣的熔融性进行了研究,发现随着污泥含量的上升,灰熔融特征温度随之降低。
2.利用X-射线衍射法对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下,不同煅烧温度下的灰渣进行了研究,从矿物学的角度来分析灰内各矿物质组分对灰熔融特性的影响。发现污泥灰中赤铁矿和钙长石的相对高含量导致其熔融特征温度较低,煤灰中莫来石的相对高含量导致了其较高的熔融特征温度。
3.利用热重法和差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣的熔融特性进行了研究。并对TG曲线上的失重峰以及DSC曲线上的特征峰的成因进行了分析。发现煤灰中含有碳酸盐类矿物质和硫酸盐类矿物质,但含量均较少。污泥含量为30%、50%的混合试样灰渣、污泥灰中含有较多的Ca(OH)2,碳酸盐类矿物质和硫酸盐类矿物质,并且其含量随着污泥掺混比例的提高而升高。
4.利用SEM/EDX对污泥/煤在不同混合比例下的灰渣进行了形貌分析和元素分析,发现随着煅烧温度的提高,灰渣熔融程度加剧,各灰渣的成分基本接近。
Slagging properties and selection of slag dischange form of boiler are affected by ash Fusion characteristics. And it’s an important factor that affects the normal operation of boilers. Many domestic and foreign scholars who study on combustion of blends of sludge and coal mainly focus on combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of blends of sludge and coal. While the fusion characteristics of blends of sludge and coal is rarely studied.
This thesis selects Lanba coal and sewage sludge ash, and make ash samples according to certain mixing proportion. The ash was analyzed by ash melting point testing, X-ray diffraction, TD-DSC, SEM/EDX means. And fusion characteristics were studied from minerals, microstructure perspective in order to provide relevant repference for the design of the sludge and coal mixed fuel boiler.
The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1. Fusion characteristic of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by pyramid metod, and found as the sludge content rising in blends, fusion characteristics temperatures of ash reduce.
2. Mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion and different calcining temperature were studied by XRD. And the influence of minerals in ash to ash fusion characteristic is analysised from mineralogical perspective, and found the relatively high contents of hematite and calcium feldspar in sludge ash caused the characteristic temperatures low, the relatively low contents of mullite coal ash caused the characteristic temperatures high.
3. Fusion characteristic of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by TG-DSC. The causes of formation of weightlessness peak on TG curves and characteristic peaks on DSC curves were analyzed. A little carbonate and sulphate were found in coal ash. Carbonate, sulphate, Ca(OH)2 were found in blends ash and sludge ash. And the contents rise as the content of sludge in blends rise.
4. Microscopy and element of mixing fuel ash under different mixing proportion were studied by SEM and EDX. And the different morphological features of scanning photo were analyzed by EDX to reflect the element differences, found as the improvement of calcining temperature, but there is no obvious difference of the elements in each ash sample.
引文
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[2]邓晓林,王国华,任鹤云.上海城市污水才处理厂的污泥处置途径探讨[J].中国给水排水, 2 000, 16(5): 19-22
[3]周少奇.城市污泥处理处置与资源化[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002
[4]建设部综合财务司.中国城市建设统计年报[M] .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007年.
[5]刘亮,张翠珍.污泥燃烧热解特性及其焚烧技术[M].中南大学出版社,2006.
[6]穆晓军,王学涛.城市污泥与煤CFB混烧研究进展[J].电站系统工程.2008,24(4),2
[7] Chen X, Jeyaseelan S J. Study of sewage sludge pyrolysis mechanism and mathematical modeling.Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2 000,126(12): 1082-1087.
[8] Tay Joo2Hwa,Show Kuan2Yeow.Resource recovery of sludge as a building and construction material-a future trend in sludge management[J]. Wat Sci Tech, 1997, 36(11):259-266.
[9] Calvo L.F,Otero M,et.al.Heating process characteristics and kinetics of sewagesludge in different atmospheres[J].Thermochimica Acta.2004,409: 127-135.
[10]王红,周浩生,孙学信,等.应用TGA-FTIR研究污泥与煤的热解规律[J].华中理工大学学报,1999,27(9):38-40.
[11]Werther J,Ogada T.Sewage sludge combustion[J].Prog Energy Combust Sci,1999, 25: 55–116.
[12]Nadziakiewicz J,Koziol M.Co-combustion of sludge with coal[J].Appl Energy, 2003, 75: 239-248.
[13]H. Spliethoff, K. R. G. Hein. Effect of co-combustion of biomass on emissions in pulverized fuel furnaces[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,1998, 54: 189-205.
[14]刘志.配煤煤灰内矿物质转变过程与熔融特性规律研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[15]陈晓平,顾利锋,韩晓强,等.污泥及其与煤混合物的热解特性和灰熔融特性[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(6):1038-1043.
[16]李明,李伟东,李伟锋,刘海峰,于遵宏.污泥对神府煤灰熔点的影响[J].燃烧化学学报, 2009.
[17]刘刚,池涌,蒋旭光,刘炳池,严建华,岑可法.电镀污泥焚烧后的灰渣分析[J],动力工程,2006.
[18]韩军,徐明厚,姚洪,夏永俊.高温熔融炉中污泥的焚烧试验[J],华中科技大学学报,2006.
[19]崔素萍,刘红,田巍,王亚丽,吴霞,刘科.城市污泥焚烧特性研究[A],第十届全国水泥和混凝土化学及应用技术会议论文摘要集[C],2007.
[20]丘纪华,程纪东.污泥的焚烧特性和化学动力学分析,华中科技大学学报[J],2005.
[21]韩军,下水道污泥焚烧过程中重金属元素的挥发与回收[D],华中科技大学,2005.
[22]C. R. Cheeseman, C. J. Sollars, S. McEntee, Properties, microstructure and leaching of sintered sewage sludge ash,Resources, Conservation and Recycling,2003.
[23]Kae-Long Lin, Kung-Yuh Chiang, Deng-Fong Lin, Effect of heating temperature on the sintering characteristics of sewage sludge ash, Journal of Hazardous Materials[J], 2006.
[24]Kuen-Sheng Wang, Ing-Jia Chiou, Ching-Ho Chen, Davin Wang, Lightweight properties and pore structure of foamed material made from sewage sludge ash, Construction and Building Materials[J], 2005.
[25]S Suzuki, M Tanaka, T Kaneko, Glass-ceramic from sewage sludge ash. Journal of Materials Science[J], 1997.
[26]D. C. R. Espinosa, J. A. S. Tenório. Thermal behavior of chromium electroplating sludge, Waste Management[J], 2001.
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