基于MODIS的黄海海雾研究
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摘要
海雾是我国近海、特别是黄海常见的天气现象。有海雾时,水汽凝结产生大量雾滴悬浮在海面上空,使海面能见度降低,对人类海上活动产生重要影响。由于海上观测记录稀少,卫星遥感技术正在成为海雾监测的重要途径。本文基于MODIS卫星数据,运用卫星遥感基本理论,通过多样本采样,发现海雾在MODIS可见光、近、中、远红外通道上的光谱特性与晴空海表、中高云等存在差异。在光谱分析的基础上,确定了雾区信息遥感检测的方法。在雾区检测的基础上,根据白天雾区可见光反照率,对雾顶高度、液态水路径、有效半径和雾区能见度等特征量进行了反演。对2007年5月4日一次黄海海雾过程的进行了海雾特征量反演,并用沿海观测站的探空数据以及船舶资料,对卫星资料反演的雾顶高度和能见度进行了验证,分析表明反演结果与实际情况比较符合。
用上述雾区反演方法给出了2006和2007两年的黄海海雾相对频率图,结果表明,黄海的海雾发生频率要远高于渤海的海雾发生频率;黄海海雾发生频率存在由南向北逐渐增多的趋势,北纬34度以北的海区海雾较多。6月黄海的多雾中心在黄海北部西朝鲜湾海域、山东半岛南部以及远离海岸的黄海中部海域;7月黄海多雾中心位于白翎岛以南江华湾和北纬36-37度山东半岛以东的黄海海面。多雾中心七月较六月更加偏北。
Sea fog is unusual weather phenomenon in China's coast, especially around the Yellow Sea. When there is sea fog, a large amount of condensed water vapor droplet suspended over the sea, that reduce the visibility, and have an important impact to human activities on the sea. As a result of the scarcity of marine observation, satellite remote sensing technology to monitor the sea fog is becoming an important way.
Retrieval of the sea fog at Yellow sea in 4th May 2007 which is based on the EOS/MODIS data is presented. According to this calculation, the optical thickness, liquid water path, effective radius, height of fog top, and visibility are obtained. The sounding observations from stations and ship are matched up to this calculation.
The sea fog map of Yellow Sea in 2006-2007 shows that the Yellow Sea fog frequency is much higher than Bohai sea fog frequency; an increase trend from south to north has been found in Yellow Sea sea fog frequency map; The sea fog high frequency regions are meanly in North Yellow Sea. In June centers of sea fog high frequency are located in West Gulf of Korea, South of Shandong Peninsula and Central Yellow Sea area. But in July centers are located in Ganghwa Bay and the sea area next to Shandong Peninsula.
用上述雾区反演方法给出了2006和2007两年的黄海海雾相对频率图,结果表明,黄海的海雾发生频率要远高于渤海的海雾发生频率;黄海海雾发生频率存在由南向北逐渐增多的趋势,北纬34度以北的海区海雾较多。6月黄海的多雾中心在黄海北部西朝鲜湾海域、山东半岛南部以及远离海岸的黄海中部海域;7月黄海多雾中心位于白翎岛以南江华湾和北纬36-37度山东半岛以东的黄海海面。多雾中心七月较六月更加偏北。
Sea fog is unusual weather phenomenon in China's coast, especially around the Yellow Sea. When there is sea fog, a large amount of condensed water vapor droplet suspended over the sea, that reduce the visibility, and have an important impact to human activities on the sea. As a result of the scarcity of marine observation, satellite remote sensing technology to monitor the sea fog is becoming an important way.
Retrieval of the sea fog at Yellow sea in 4th May 2007 which is based on the EOS/MODIS data is presented. According to this calculation, the optical thickness, liquid water path, effective radius, height of fog top, and visibility are obtained. The sounding observations from stations and ship are matched up to this calculation.
The sea fog map of Yellow Sea in 2006-2007 shows that the Yellow Sea fog frequency is much higher than Bohai sea fog frequency; an increase trend from south to north has been found in Yellow Sea sea fog frequency map; The sea fog high frequency regions are meanly in North Yellow Sea. In June centers of sea fog high frequency are located in West Gulf of Korea, South of Shandong Peninsula and Central Yellow Sea area. But in July centers are located in Ganghwa Bay and the sea area next to Shandong Peninsula.
引文
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傅刚,王菁茜,张美根,郭敬天,郭明克,郭可彩,2004:一次黄海海雾事件的观测与数值模拟研究,中国海洋大学学报,34(5),720-726.
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李亚春,孙涵,李湘阁,2001:用GMS-5气象卫星资料遥感监测白天雾的研究,南京气象学院院报,24(3),343-349.
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马慧云,李德仁,刘良明等,2005:基于MODIS卫星数据的平流雾检测研究,武汉大学学报信息版,30(2),143-145.
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