动态海洋环境仿真中的若干关键技术研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术的发展,虚拟现实技术在工业仿真、军事、游戏、影视方面的应用也越来广泛,动态海洋环境仿真就是其中一个非常有意义和并且具有挑战性的课题。本文实现的是一个无限区域的动态海洋环境仿真系统。无限是指在场景中任意漫游而不会发现其边界。动态包含两层含义:首先是海浪的形态以实时的风场数据为驱动力,不同的风速、风向条件下海面的效果也大不相同;其次,海面的光照渲染效果受到天空背景的影响,替换天空背景纹理后,太阳、云彩等在海面的反射效果也会发生相应的改变。
本文主要完成的内容主要包括:
1.本文通过对海浪谱的Philips模型的研究,从海洋数据中提取出海洋表面风场数据,运用快速傅里叶算法生成海浪高度场,从而构建海洋表面网格,并且实现了通过调节波浪模型中的参数来对海浪形态进行实时重建。
2.采用无缝LOD拼接技术的海面网格生成和滚动式调度方案实现无限区域海面仿真。
3.使用GLSL着色语言进行天空背景映射下的海面光照渲染。
4.海洋仿真系统的交互特效如船舶浮沉、航行尾迹、雨雪天气。论文中在现有的海洋仿真的成果基础上进行改进与优化,最终形成了一个完整的能够适用与军事和气象领域的动态海洋环境仿真系统。
With the development of computer technology, Virtual Reality technology in the Simulation of Industrial, Military, Games, Film and Television have an increased application, and the simulation of dynamic marine environment is significative ,also it is one of challenging task.It is a dynamic system for the ocean simulation,so it means that you can not find its borders.Dynamic includes two meanings:first,the wave is drived by the real-time wind data,and the effect of ocean if different if the wind is metabolic.Secondly ,the illumination rendering effects of sea surface is influcended by the sky background .The reflected effects of sun and clouds is changed corresponding the sky background .The contents of this paper:
1. With the research by Philips’wave spectrum model, extraction of marine data, wind data on the ocean surface, generate wave height field with the FFT, build the grid of sea surface.The ocean shape is changed by accommodating parameters of wave model.
2. The grid of sea without borderline is using LOD technology ,and viewpoint mobility programs in roll to achieve the simulation of infinite ocean.
3. The ocean environment with the influence of sky by using GLSL.
4. The ocean surface interactive features such as floating and sinking ship effect、wake simulation and rain and snow.
Papers based on the results of the existing ocean simulation to improve and optimize the object in order to form a dynamics ocean simulation system which can be applied in the military and the meteorological field.
本文主要完成的内容主要包括:
1.本文通过对海浪谱的Philips模型的研究,从海洋数据中提取出海洋表面风场数据,运用快速傅里叶算法生成海浪高度场,从而构建海洋表面网格,并且实现了通过调节波浪模型中的参数来对海浪形态进行实时重建。
2.采用无缝LOD拼接技术的海面网格生成和滚动式调度方案实现无限区域海面仿真。
3.使用GLSL着色语言进行天空背景映射下的海面光照渲染。
4.海洋仿真系统的交互特效如船舶浮沉、航行尾迹、雨雪天气。论文中在现有的海洋仿真的成果基础上进行改进与优化,最终形成了一个完整的能够适用与军事和气象领域的动态海洋环境仿真系统。
With the development of computer technology, Virtual Reality technology in the Simulation of Industrial, Military, Games, Film and Television have an increased application, and the simulation of dynamic marine environment is significative ,also it is one of challenging task.It is a dynamic system for the ocean simulation,so it means that you can not find its borders.Dynamic includes two meanings:first,the wave is drived by the real-time wind data,and the effect of ocean if different if the wind is metabolic.Secondly ,the illumination rendering effects of sea surface is influcended by the sky background .The reflected effects of sun and clouds is changed corresponding the sky background .The contents of this paper:
1. With the research by Philips’wave spectrum model, extraction of marine data, wind data on the ocean surface, generate wave height field with the FFT, build the grid of sea surface.The ocean shape is changed by accommodating parameters of wave model.
2. The grid of sea without borderline is using LOD technology ,and viewpoint mobility programs in roll to achieve the simulation of infinite ocean.
3. The ocean environment with the influence of sky by using GLSL.
4. The ocean surface interactive features such as floating and sinking ship effect、wake simulation and rain and snow.
Papers based on the results of the existing ocean simulation to improve and optimize the object in order to form a dynamics ocean simulation system which can be applied in the military and the meteorological field.
引文
[1]黄文骞.利用虚拟现实技术在线海洋自然地理环境.测绘工程,1999(12):6~11
[2]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版).清华大学出版社,1998
[3] Stephen R.Ellis.What Are Virtual Environments?.IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,No.1,Jan,1994,America,17~22
[4]徐彬.海洋波浪的动态可视化研究与实现. [硕士研究论文]山东:中国海洋大学,2006
[5]石贱弟.虚拟海洋环境仿真研究. [硕士研究论文]西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[6]王莺.基于虚拟现实的海浪运动视景仿真系统. [硕士研究论文]厦门:厦门大学,2007
[7]张明. GPU加速的实时三维海洋漫游系统. [硕士研究论文]大连:大连理工大学,2006
[8] TessendorfJ.Simulation Ocean waves.SIGGRAPH Course Notes,2001
[9]王大海.虚拟海洋环境视景仿真技术研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[10]徐山.一种基于图形处理器运用FFT算法生成海洋表面的方法. [硕士研究论文]北京:北京大学,2007
[11]王胜正.一种实时的3D动态海洋模拟新方法.计算机应用, 2007, 28(5), 1147~1149
[12]杨坏平,孙家广.基于海浪谱的波浪模拟.系统仿真学报,2002,14(9),1175~1178
[13]郝永平,王威信等.三维数据场等值面构造算法及其应用.沈阳工业学院学报,1997, 16(4), 1~5
[14]虞宏毅.大规模水场景的实时绘制. [硕士研究论文]浙江:浙江大学2007
[15] Kenneth Moreland and Edward Angel,The FFT On a GPU [A],In Proceedings of Graphics Hardware,San Diego,2003,112~119
[16] Gary A Mastin,Peter A.Watterger,John F.Mareda.Fourier Synthesis of Ocean Scenes.IEEE CC&A,1987
[17] Wang Changbo,Wang Zhangye, Peng Qunsheng.Real-time Simulation of OceanWave Based on Cellular Automata.Proc.Of CAD/Graphics’2003[C],Macao,China,2003
[18]王锐,钱学雷. OpenScenceGraph三维渲染引擎设计与实践.清华大学出版社,2009
[19] Yin Yong,Jin Yi-cheng,Ren Hong-xiang.Wave Simulation of Visual System in Marine Simulator or Based on Wave Spectrums.Proceedings of MARSIM’03,2003
[20] P.Y.Ts’o and B.A.Barsky.“An image synthesizer”.In B.A.Barsky,editor,Computer Graphics(SIGGRAPH’85 Proceedings), volume 19,1985,287~296
[21] NeumanG..Onwind generated ocean waves with special reference to the problem of wave forecasting,N.Y.U.,Coll.Of Eng.,Res.Div.OfMeter.AndOceanogr.,1952
[22] Damien Hinsinger,Fabrice Neyret,and Marine-Paule Cani.Interactive animation with Damping.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbeg,2005,232~239
[23]褚彦军,康凤举.视景仿真的三维模型库管理系统的研究与开发.计算机仿真2004,5(5): 174~176
[24] Viorel Mihalef , Dimitris Metaxas,Mark Sussman.Animationg and control of Breaking Waves.SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation,2004,315~324
[25] C.K.Lee , R.E.Hobbs.Automatic adaptive finite element mesh generation over arbitrary two-dimensional domain using advancing front technique.Computers and Structures,1999,9~34
[26] Kenji Shimada,Dacid C.Gossard.Automatic teiangular mesh generation of trimmed parametric surfaces for finite element analysis.Computer Aided Geometric Design,1998,199~222
[27] Martin Isenburg,Pierre Allies.Compressing Hexahedral Volume Meshes.IEEE,2002
[28] Shenghui Liao,Ruofeng Tong.Rapidly Generate Lumbar Spine Volume Mesh.IEEE,2005
[29] Randi J.Rost.OpenGL着色语言.人民邮电出版社,2006
[30]孙宏放.船舶三自由度仿真平台设计与预报方法研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[31]马洁.船舶运动姿态预报与控制方法研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[32]彭秀艳.船舶运动姿态在线预报及仿真技术研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[33] SPALL J C.Model-free control of nonlinear stochastic system with discrete-time measurements.IEEE Transactiong on Automatic Control,1998,43(9):1198~1210
[34]唐慧研.船舶横向运动受扰估计、建模及LQG控制研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005
[35]魏纳新.水面舰艇在高海情下的横摇运动姿态控制技术研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005
[36]侯海平.远洋背景下开尔文尾迹仿真与分析.计算机仿真2007,24(8),12~15
[37]杨春丽.基于粒子系统的喷泉动画模拟. [硕士研究论文]吉林:吉林大学,2008
[38]贾丽.基于粒子系统的自然现象仿真. [硕士研究论文]武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[39] Michael E.Goss ,Motion Simulation:A Real Time Particel System for Display of Ship Waves.IEEEF Computer Graphics and Application,Vol.10,No.3,May 1990,30~35
[40]初晓.基于粒子系统的实时烟雾模拟与实现. [硕士研究论文]长春:东北师范大学,2008
[41]李清畅.基于粒子系统的烟火模拟及其大规模编排研究. [硕士研究论文]湖南:湖南大学,2008
[2]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版).清华大学出版社,1998
[3] Stephen R.Ellis.What Are Virtual Environments?.IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,No.1,Jan,1994,America,17~22
[4]徐彬.海洋波浪的动态可视化研究与实现. [硕士研究论文]山东:中国海洋大学,2006
[5]石贱弟.虚拟海洋环境仿真研究. [硕士研究论文]西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[6]王莺.基于虚拟现实的海浪运动视景仿真系统. [硕士研究论文]厦门:厦门大学,2007
[7]张明. GPU加速的实时三维海洋漫游系统. [硕士研究论文]大连:大连理工大学,2006
[8] TessendorfJ.Simulation Ocean waves.SIGGRAPH Course Notes,2001
[9]王大海.虚拟海洋环境视景仿真技术研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[10]徐山.一种基于图形处理器运用FFT算法生成海洋表面的方法. [硕士研究论文]北京:北京大学,2007
[11]王胜正.一种实时的3D动态海洋模拟新方法.计算机应用, 2007, 28(5), 1147~1149
[12]杨坏平,孙家广.基于海浪谱的波浪模拟.系统仿真学报,2002,14(9),1175~1178
[13]郝永平,王威信等.三维数据场等值面构造算法及其应用.沈阳工业学院学报,1997, 16(4), 1~5
[14]虞宏毅.大规模水场景的实时绘制. [硕士研究论文]浙江:浙江大学2007
[15] Kenneth Moreland and Edward Angel,The FFT On a GPU [A],In Proceedings of Graphics Hardware,San Diego,2003,112~119
[16] Gary A Mastin,Peter A.Watterger,John F.Mareda.Fourier Synthesis of Ocean Scenes.IEEE CC&A,1987
[17] Wang Changbo,Wang Zhangye, Peng Qunsheng.Real-time Simulation of OceanWave Based on Cellular Automata.Proc.Of CAD/Graphics’2003[C],Macao,China,2003
[18]王锐,钱学雷. OpenScenceGraph三维渲染引擎设计与实践.清华大学出版社,2009
[19] Yin Yong,Jin Yi-cheng,Ren Hong-xiang.Wave Simulation of Visual System in Marine Simulator or Based on Wave Spectrums.Proceedings of MARSIM’03,2003
[20] P.Y.Ts’o and B.A.Barsky.“An image synthesizer”.In B.A.Barsky,editor,Computer Graphics(SIGGRAPH’85 Proceedings), volume 19,1985,287~296
[21] NeumanG..Onwind generated ocean waves with special reference to the problem of wave forecasting,N.Y.U.,Coll.Of Eng.,Res.Div.OfMeter.AndOceanogr.,1952
[22] Damien Hinsinger,Fabrice Neyret,and Marine-Paule Cani.Interactive animation with Damping.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbeg,2005,232~239
[23]褚彦军,康凤举.视景仿真的三维模型库管理系统的研究与开发.计算机仿真2004,5(5): 174~176
[24] Viorel Mihalef , Dimitris Metaxas,Mark Sussman.Animationg and control of Breaking Waves.SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation,2004,315~324
[25] C.K.Lee , R.E.Hobbs.Automatic adaptive finite element mesh generation over arbitrary two-dimensional domain using advancing front technique.Computers and Structures,1999,9~34
[26] Kenji Shimada,Dacid C.Gossard.Automatic teiangular mesh generation of trimmed parametric surfaces for finite element analysis.Computer Aided Geometric Design,1998,199~222
[27] Martin Isenburg,Pierre Allies.Compressing Hexahedral Volume Meshes.IEEE,2002
[28] Shenghui Liao,Ruofeng Tong.Rapidly Generate Lumbar Spine Volume Mesh.IEEE,2005
[29] Randi J.Rost.OpenGL着色语言.人民邮电出版社,2006
[30]孙宏放.船舶三自由度仿真平台设计与预报方法研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[31]马洁.船舶运动姿态预报与控制方法研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[32]彭秀艳.船舶运动姿态在线预报及仿真技术研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[33] SPALL J C.Model-free control of nonlinear stochastic system with discrete-time measurements.IEEE Transactiong on Automatic Control,1998,43(9):1198~1210
[34]唐慧研.船舶横向运动受扰估计、建模及LQG控制研究. [硕士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005
[35]魏纳新.水面舰艇在高海情下的横摇运动姿态控制技术研究. [博士研究论文]哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005
[36]侯海平.远洋背景下开尔文尾迹仿真与分析.计算机仿真2007,24(8),12~15
[37]杨春丽.基于粒子系统的喷泉动画模拟. [硕士研究论文]吉林:吉林大学,2008
[38]贾丽.基于粒子系统的自然现象仿真. [硕士研究论文]武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[39] Michael E.Goss ,Motion Simulation:A Real Time Particel System for Display of Ship Waves.IEEEF Computer Graphics and Application,Vol.10,No.3,May 1990,30~35
[40]初晓.基于粒子系统的实时烟雾模拟与实现. [硕士研究论文]长春:东北师范大学,2008
[41]李清畅.基于粒子系统的烟火模拟及其大规模编排研究. [硕士研究论文]湖南:湖南大学,2008