东海黑潮温盐时空分布特征及其影响因素
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摘要
本文的研究区域为东海黑潮。东海黑潮作为影响我国东海的重要环流,从低纬地区传输大量的高温、高盐水至中纬度地区,引起区域热量的再分配,对我国近海热力动力环境有举足轻重的作用。
利用美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)2007年发布的全球海域多年月平均三维数据库(World Ocean Atlas 2005(WOA05)),美国国家地球物理学数据中心(NGDC)2006年发布二维海底数据地貌数据(GEODAS GridTranslator-Design-a-Grid),结合日本海洋科学与技术机构(JAMSYEC)2003年发布的1997-2002年东海地区月平均降水量资料,2003-2005年中国水利部长江水利委员会公布的《长江泥沙公报》中长江月平均径流量:研发计算机数值分析以及图形可视技术,分析东海黑湖内部高温区(热核)的时空变化,和表层盐度的年循环过程,探讨影响东海黑潮表层盐度分布的因素。得出:
1.东海黑潮的内部存在明显的高温区。提取10%高温区定义为热核,不同深度不同月份,黑潮热核的变化存在着差异,表现为,从表层到250m水深,热核的分布区域由表层的靠近中轴线附近逐渐偏向黑潮的东部边缘;分布范围由表层占黑潮流幅的30%以上缩减到250m深度的10%左右;250m以下热核的分布范围和区域再没有明显的变化。热核除了位置范围的变化外,热核的温度随深度也有明显的变化:从表层到200m深度,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,同深度热核的温度呈下降的趋势,在200m深度以下呈上升的趋势。
2.东海黑潮表层盐度存在明显的季节变化,12、1、2、3月份的表层盐度较一致,高于其它月份,最大值达34.8以上:6、7、8、9月份的表层盐度在一年最低,在34.4以下;4、5月份和10、11月份介于其中,为过度阶段。表层盐度在12个月的分布出现靠近黑潮的东边界一侧盐度高,靠近陆架一侧盐度低,高盐区在东海黑潮主段琉球群岛、奄美群岛以西。
3.影响东海黑潮表层盐度的主要影响因素有:温度、降水和径流。其中,温度高,蒸发量大,表层盐度高,表层盐度与表层温度有正相关的关系;降水量大或是淡水注入量大,盐度值低,表层盐度与其呈负相关的关系。相关分析表明,11、12、1、2、月份,表层温、盐的高度正相关区域较大。靠近陆架一侧的表层盐度在冬、春、秋季受温度的影响较大。降水对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响为局部小范围,主要集中在1月和夏季的6、7、8月份,主要分布在25°N以南和30°N附近。长江冲淡水在夏季对东海黑潮表层盐度影响大于其它季节,夏季7月份表层盐度平均值在一年中最低,此时的长江月径流量也出现最大值,长江冲淡水与表层盐度呈现较好的负相关。
Kuroshio in the East China Sea is studied as an important impact on the East China Sea circulation. It transports a lot of energy, momentum from the low latitude to mid-latitudes and changes heat in the region. The Kuroshio in the East China Sea plays a necessary role in coastal environment. Using the World Ocean Atlas 2005 by NOAA published in 2007 and topography database in 2006 by NGDC, exploring three-dimensional techniques for oceanic data analysis and figure manifestation with Matlab computer program, research the change of Temperature Core of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Using the gridded precipitation data of the Asian region by JAMSTEC published in 2003 and the runoff of Changjiang diluted water in different month during 2003-2005, find characteristic of salinity on surface in a year. That is the foundation for understanding heat transfer accurately. The main conclusions are:
1. Kuroshio in the East China Sea is high-temperature, but higher temperature in its internal area. From surface to 250m depth, the distributing area of warm-core is moving from middle axes of ECS-Kuroshio current to the east border, the warm-core range is reducing from larger than 30% to about 10%. There is no distinct changing for warm-core area below 250m. From the entrance to the exit of ECS-Kuroshio, the warm-core temperature is decreasing with Kuroshio current at the same depth upper the depth of 200m, but the temperature is increasing below the depth of 200m.
2. We find that it has an obvious feature on surface salinity of Kuroshio in the East China Sea in different month. Firstly, salinity on surface is higher in January to March and December, and Max is 34.8. Salinity on surface is lower in June to September, and Min is 34.4.Then salinity in the rest of months between two dates. Secondly, salinity is the highest near the east side of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea where is close to Ryukyu Island. Finally, low-salt zone is near the northeastern Taiwan area in a year.
3. Many factors affected the salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Combined with previous studies and discussed the main reason of the salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. They are surface temperature, rain, Changjiang diluted water. Salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea is mainly influenced by surface temperature near the shelf of contentious in November to February. Salinity on surface is impacted by precipitation in small-scale in January and summer, which mainly areas are the south of 25°N and near 30°N where ECS-Kuroshio flows into Tokara strait. Runoff of Changjiang diluted water in summer affect most to the salinity on surface of Kushiro in fan zone, the maximum runoff in July and the corresponding minimum salinity on surface of Kuroshio in fan zone in the East China Sea.
利用美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)2007年发布的全球海域多年月平均三维数据库(World Ocean Atlas 2005(WOA05)),美国国家地球物理学数据中心(NGDC)2006年发布二维海底数据地貌数据(GEODAS GridTranslator-Design-a-Grid),结合日本海洋科学与技术机构(JAMSYEC)2003年发布的1997-2002年东海地区月平均降水量资料,2003-2005年中国水利部长江水利委员会公布的《长江泥沙公报》中长江月平均径流量:研发计算机数值分析以及图形可视技术,分析东海黑湖内部高温区(热核)的时空变化,和表层盐度的年循环过程,探讨影响东海黑潮表层盐度分布的因素。得出:
1.东海黑潮的内部存在明显的高温区。提取10%高温区定义为热核,不同深度不同月份,黑潮热核的变化存在着差异,表现为,从表层到250m水深,热核的分布区域由表层的靠近中轴线附近逐渐偏向黑潮的东部边缘;分布范围由表层占黑潮流幅的30%以上缩减到250m深度的10%左右;250m以下热核的分布范围和区域再没有明显的变化。热核除了位置范围的变化外,热核的温度随深度也有明显的变化:从表层到200m深度,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,同深度热核的温度呈下降的趋势,在200m深度以下呈上升的趋势。
2.东海黑潮表层盐度存在明显的季节变化,12、1、2、3月份的表层盐度较一致,高于其它月份,最大值达34.8以上:6、7、8、9月份的表层盐度在一年最低,在34.4以下;4、5月份和10、11月份介于其中,为过度阶段。表层盐度在12个月的分布出现靠近黑潮的东边界一侧盐度高,靠近陆架一侧盐度低,高盐区在东海黑潮主段琉球群岛、奄美群岛以西。
3.影响东海黑潮表层盐度的主要影响因素有:温度、降水和径流。其中,温度高,蒸发量大,表层盐度高,表层盐度与表层温度有正相关的关系;降水量大或是淡水注入量大,盐度值低,表层盐度与其呈负相关的关系。相关分析表明,11、12、1、2、月份,表层温、盐的高度正相关区域较大。靠近陆架一侧的表层盐度在冬、春、秋季受温度的影响较大。降水对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响为局部小范围,主要集中在1月和夏季的6、7、8月份,主要分布在25°N以南和30°N附近。长江冲淡水在夏季对东海黑潮表层盐度影响大于其它季节,夏季7月份表层盐度平均值在一年中最低,此时的长江月径流量也出现最大值,长江冲淡水与表层盐度呈现较好的负相关。
Kuroshio in the East China Sea is studied as an important impact on the East China Sea circulation. It transports a lot of energy, momentum from the low latitude to mid-latitudes and changes heat in the region. The Kuroshio in the East China Sea plays a necessary role in coastal environment. Using the World Ocean Atlas 2005 by NOAA published in 2007 and topography database in 2006 by NGDC, exploring three-dimensional techniques for oceanic data analysis and figure manifestation with Matlab computer program, research the change of Temperature Core of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Using the gridded precipitation data of the Asian region by JAMSTEC published in 2003 and the runoff of Changjiang diluted water in different month during 2003-2005, find characteristic of salinity on surface in a year. That is the foundation for understanding heat transfer accurately. The main conclusions are:
1. Kuroshio in the East China Sea is high-temperature, but higher temperature in its internal area. From surface to 250m depth, the distributing area of warm-core is moving from middle axes of ECS-Kuroshio current to the east border, the warm-core range is reducing from larger than 30% to about 10%. There is no distinct changing for warm-core area below 250m. From the entrance to the exit of ECS-Kuroshio, the warm-core temperature is decreasing with Kuroshio current at the same depth upper the depth of 200m, but the temperature is increasing below the depth of 200m.
2. We find that it has an obvious feature on surface salinity of Kuroshio in the East China Sea in different month. Firstly, salinity on surface is higher in January to March and December, and Max is 34.8. Salinity on surface is lower in June to September, and Min is 34.4.Then salinity in the rest of months between two dates. Secondly, salinity is the highest near the east side of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea where is close to Ryukyu Island. Finally, low-salt zone is near the northeastern Taiwan area in a year.
3. Many factors affected the salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Combined with previous studies and discussed the main reason of the salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea. They are surface temperature, rain, Changjiang diluted water. Salinity on surface of Kuroshio in the East China Sea is mainly influenced by surface temperature near the shelf of contentious in November to February. Salinity on surface is impacted by precipitation in small-scale in January and summer, which mainly areas are the south of 25°N and near 30°N where ECS-Kuroshio flows into Tokara strait. Runoff of Changjiang diluted water in summer affect most to the salinity on surface of Kushiro in fan zone, the maximum runoff in July and the corresponding minimum salinity on surface of Kuroshio in fan zone in the East China Sea.
引文
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