基于光子晶体理论的取样光栅反射谱及光栅传感技术研究
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摘要
取样光纤光栅具有多通道滤波、微细结构、灵活方便、与光纤兼容性好、插入损耗低、波长选择性好等特点,因而受到广泛的重视,目前已成为实现光学调制的一种新型无源器件。由于取样光栅具备上述特点,使得它在许多方面有着重要的应用和潜在的优势,如取样光栅多波长激光器,取样光栅波分复用/解复用器,取样光栅重构型光分插复用器,光纤传感器,多信道色散补偿器,编/解码器等。本文主要对光子晶体技术应用取样光栅及取样光栅应变和温度同时测量传感特性进行研究,具体包括以下内容。
介绍了光纤布拉格光栅的基本理论以及光纤光栅的传感特性,推导了光栅的应变和温度传感模型。对取样光栅的反射谱进行了对比分析和数值模拟,建立取样光栅的反射谱方程。分析取样光栅长度、取样周期、采样率、折射率调制量、变迹系数和啁啾系数等参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响规律。讨论了取样光栅的几何及物理参数与反射率的高低,带宽的大小,通道的数目的关系。为设计取样光栅提供了一定依据。
对光子晶体理论分析方法时域有限差分法,传输矩阵法,平面波展开法等做了较为详细介绍。将取样光栅近似为带大尺寸缺陷的一维二元光子晶体。利用光子晶体的传输矩阵方法对取样光栅进行研究。从光子晶体理论角度分析取样光栅各参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响。仿真实验结果表明,取样光栅反射谱有多个反射峰、反射峰间隔和带宽等参数随光栅长度、高介电常量材料占空比、调制深度及取样周期等而变化。结果与传统的耦合模理论相符。
设计了光纤布拉格光栅应变和温度同时测量系统。光源为时钟脉冲宽带光源,结合时分、波分和空分复用技术,采用不同包层直径光纤相熔接的应变补偿法传感头设计方案,解决温度和应变交叉敏感问题实现应变和温度同时测量。采用阵列波导光栅技术对传感信号进行解调,通过理论分析证实了系统方案的可行性。
依据取样光栅各参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响规律,采用回归分析的方法对取样光栅应变和温度同时测量传感技术进行了模型研究。设计了取样光栅传感特性实验系统。对取样光栅进行应变和温度传感测量并对实验数据进行分析处理,确定了实验各部分的选用标准。实验数据标定传感矩阵与仿真实验得到的结论基本一致。最后对系统误差产生原因进行了分析,分析了影响系统测量的各项因素以及改善方法。
As sampled fiber Bragg grating has multichannel filtering, fine structure, flexibility, good compatibility, low insertion loss and extremely good wavelength selectivity, it was attended currently. Now it has become novel passive device for to realize optical modulation. Due to above-mentioned characteristics, sampled fiber Bragg grating has much important application and potential in multi-wavelength laser, wavelength-division multiplexer and demultiplexer, re-configurable optical add-drop multiplexer, fiber sensor, multi-channel dispersion compensator, encoder and decoder etc. Sampled grating reflective spectrum based photonic crystal theory and sampled fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature sensing characteristic were mainly researched in the paper. Details include the followings.
In the paper basically theory of fiber Bragg grating and its sensing characteristics were introduced. Strain and temperature sensing model was deduced. The reflective spectrum of sampled fiber Bragg grating was analyzed and simulated.The effect of sampled fiber grating’s parameters on reflective spectrum was analyzed. Parameters include length, period, sampled rate, the refractive index modulation depth, apodization coefficient and chirp coefficient.The relationship of sampled fiber Bragg grating’s geometric and physical parameters and reflectivity, bandwidth and channel numbers was discussed. This can provide foundation to design sampled fiber Bragg grating.
Theoretical analysis of the photonic crystal method was introduced. Methods include FDTD, transfer matrix method and plane wave expansion method. sampled fiber bragg grating was assumed as one-dimensional dual photonic crystal with a large size defect. Sampled fiber Bragg grating was researched by means of transfer matrix method of photonic crystal theory.The effect of sampled fiber grating’s parameters on reflective spectrum was analyzed from photonic crystal theory. Result showed that sampled fiber Bragg grating had many reflective peaks. Its reflectivity, center wavelength, reflective peak intervals and band width change with the grating parameters. Parameters include grating length, duty ratio of the material with high dielectric constant, and index modulation depth and period.Results follow the conventiona1 couple mode theory.
The distributed fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature system is presented in this paper. Light source adopted clock pulse wide band source. The system integrates time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing. Different cladding diameter fiber works as sensing probe. It can realize measurement of strain and temperature simultaneously. It can solve strain and temperature cross sensitivity problem.Demodulation system adopts arrayed-waveguide grating. The feasibility of the system is confirmed from theoretically.
According to effect law of sampled fiber Bragg grating parameters on its reflective spectrum, sampled fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature sensing model was researched using regression analysis method. Sampled fiber Bragg grating sensing characteristic experimental system was designed. Sensing experiment was made. Experimental data were analyzed and disposed. Each several part of experimental system was regulated. Results were same as those from simulation experiment.At last experimental system error were analyzed, each factor of influence system measurement and improvement method were analyzed.
介绍了光纤布拉格光栅的基本理论以及光纤光栅的传感特性,推导了光栅的应变和温度传感模型。对取样光栅的反射谱进行了对比分析和数值模拟,建立取样光栅的反射谱方程。分析取样光栅长度、取样周期、采样率、折射率调制量、变迹系数和啁啾系数等参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响规律。讨论了取样光栅的几何及物理参数与反射率的高低,带宽的大小,通道的数目的关系。为设计取样光栅提供了一定依据。
对光子晶体理论分析方法时域有限差分法,传输矩阵法,平面波展开法等做了较为详细介绍。将取样光栅近似为带大尺寸缺陷的一维二元光子晶体。利用光子晶体的传输矩阵方法对取样光栅进行研究。从光子晶体理论角度分析取样光栅各参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响。仿真实验结果表明,取样光栅反射谱有多个反射峰、反射峰间隔和带宽等参数随光栅长度、高介电常量材料占空比、调制深度及取样周期等而变化。结果与传统的耦合模理论相符。
设计了光纤布拉格光栅应变和温度同时测量系统。光源为时钟脉冲宽带光源,结合时分、波分和空分复用技术,采用不同包层直径光纤相熔接的应变补偿法传感头设计方案,解决温度和应变交叉敏感问题实现应变和温度同时测量。采用阵列波导光栅技术对传感信号进行解调,通过理论分析证实了系统方案的可行性。
依据取样光栅各参量对取样光栅反射谱的影响规律,采用回归分析的方法对取样光栅应变和温度同时测量传感技术进行了模型研究。设计了取样光栅传感特性实验系统。对取样光栅进行应变和温度传感测量并对实验数据进行分析处理,确定了实验各部分的选用标准。实验数据标定传感矩阵与仿真实验得到的结论基本一致。最后对系统误差产生原因进行了分析,分析了影响系统测量的各项因素以及改善方法。
As sampled fiber Bragg grating has multichannel filtering, fine structure, flexibility, good compatibility, low insertion loss and extremely good wavelength selectivity, it was attended currently. Now it has become novel passive device for to realize optical modulation. Due to above-mentioned characteristics, sampled fiber Bragg grating has much important application and potential in multi-wavelength laser, wavelength-division multiplexer and demultiplexer, re-configurable optical add-drop multiplexer, fiber sensor, multi-channel dispersion compensator, encoder and decoder etc. Sampled grating reflective spectrum based photonic crystal theory and sampled fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature sensing characteristic were mainly researched in the paper. Details include the followings.
In the paper basically theory of fiber Bragg grating and its sensing characteristics were introduced. Strain and temperature sensing model was deduced. The reflective spectrum of sampled fiber Bragg grating was analyzed and simulated.The effect of sampled fiber grating’s parameters on reflective spectrum was analyzed. Parameters include length, period, sampled rate, the refractive index modulation depth, apodization coefficient and chirp coefficient.The relationship of sampled fiber Bragg grating’s geometric and physical parameters and reflectivity, bandwidth and channel numbers was discussed. This can provide foundation to design sampled fiber Bragg grating.
Theoretical analysis of the photonic crystal method was introduced. Methods include FDTD, transfer matrix method and plane wave expansion method. sampled fiber bragg grating was assumed as one-dimensional dual photonic crystal with a large size defect. Sampled fiber Bragg grating was researched by means of transfer matrix method of photonic crystal theory.The effect of sampled fiber grating’s parameters on reflective spectrum was analyzed from photonic crystal theory. Result showed that sampled fiber Bragg grating had many reflective peaks. Its reflectivity, center wavelength, reflective peak intervals and band width change with the grating parameters. Parameters include grating length, duty ratio of the material with high dielectric constant, and index modulation depth and period.Results follow the conventiona1 couple mode theory.
The distributed fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature system is presented in this paper. Light source adopted clock pulse wide band source. The system integrates time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing. Different cladding diameter fiber works as sensing probe. It can realize measurement of strain and temperature simultaneously. It can solve strain and temperature cross sensitivity problem.Demodulation system adopts arrayed-waveguide grating. The feasibility of the system is confirmed from theoretically.
According to effect law of sampled fiber Bragg grating parameters on its reflective spectrum, sampled fiber Bragg grating simultaneously measuring strain and temperature sensing model was researched using regression analysis method. Sampled fiber Bragg grating sensing characteristic experimental system was designed. Sensing experiment was made. Experimental data were analyzed and disposed. Each several part of experimental system was regulated. Results were same as those from simulation experiment.At last experimental system error were analyzed, each factor of influence system measurement and improvement method were analyzed.
引文
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