过程工业监测系统数据交互协议的设计与实现
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摘要
笔者所在的网络数据库研究室,对过程工业(诸如石油、化工、冶金、造纸等工业制造业)监测系统进行了多年的研究与实际开发工作。随着信息技术的进步和企业信息化的广泛需求,我们开始了对过程工业监测系统组装平台的研制,该组装平台构建的过程工业分布式监测系统由数据采集子系统、数据服务子系统、数据监测子系统、Web子系统以及报表处理等子系统组成。
过程工业分布式监测系统面临的一个问题就是如何解决多个子系统之间的信息交换。本文提出了动态可更新的分布式监测系统框架模型,并在此基础上,设计了各子系统间能够实现信息交换的通信机制,即制定通信协议。
本文首先分析了典型的分布式监测系统的结构和技术特点,讨论了过程工业分布式监测系统架构和通讯协议设计中的关键问题,并针对这些问题,在总结和分析现有系统的基础上,提出了能满足所研究课题需求的动态可更新的过程工业分布式监测系统体系结构,并从应用层的角度分析了系统的通信需求。
其次,提出了基于XML的通信协议设计与实现方法,进而提高了协议的可扩展性和跨平台性,并应用到数据交互协议实现中。然后,在动态可更新的分布式监测系统框架模型基础上,为之量身打造了四种数据交互协议——系统状态信息交互协议,生产数据交互协议、动态更新协议以及用户管理协议,详细说明了这四种数据交互协议的设计思想、协议的内容和格式,并采用DTD对数据交互协议进行了形式化描述,对关键协议给出了协议实例。
最后,详细介绍了协议的打包和解析流程,探讨了基于DOM的XML解析器的设计思路,同时详细设计了分布式监测系统的通信组件为上层应用所提供的数据服务接口。利用数据服务接口,上层应用无需关心底层的网络数据传输,实现协议与上层逻辑的分离。
The network database laborotory which the autor has done a lot of research and actual development for years about industry process monitoring system such as oil, chemicals, metallurgy, paper making industries and other industrial manufacturing. With the development of information technology and the extensive demand of enterprise information, we began to research the assembly platform of process industrial monitoring system. Industrial process distributed monitoring system which is constructed by the assembly platform is composed of data collection subsystem, data service subsystems, data monitoring subsystem, Web subsystem and report processing subsystem.
The problem which industrial process distributed monitoring system faces is how to realize information exchanging among subsystems. In this paper , the communication mechanism served to realize information exchanging among subsystems was designed, which was on the basis of the framework model of the dynamically updating distributed monitoring system. The design of communication mechanism is the design of communication protocol.
First, structural and technical features of typical distributed monitoring systems were analyzed in this paper, and key issues were discussed which were encountered in the design of architecture and communication protocol of industrial process distributed monitoring system . In order to improve these issues, a architecture of dynamically updating distributed monitoring system was proposed which is based on the summary and analysis of the exist monitoring system, and communication demand of the system was analyzed from the view of application layer.
Second, the way of XML-based communication protocol design and implementation was proposed, which improved the scalability and cross-platform of the protocol, and was applied in the implementation of data communication protocol. Then, based on the framework model of dynamically updating distributed monitoring system, four kinds of data communication protocols were designed - System status information exchange protocol, production data exchange protocol, dynamically updating protocol and user management protocol. The design ideas、contents and the formats of the four data communication protocols were detailed. The data communication protocols were formally described using DTD, and examples for key protocols were given in the paper.
Finally, packing and parsing processes for the protocols were detailed , design ideas of the XML parser based on DOM was given, and the data service interfaces for upper application which are provided by communication components of distributed monitoring system data service interface was designed. By using the interface, upper application don't need to care about the underlying data transmission and the seperation of protocols and upper logic is realized.
过程工业分布式监测系统面临的一个问题就是如何解决多个子系统之间的信息交换。本文提出了动态可更新的分布式监测系统框架模型,并在此基础上,设计了各子系统间能够实现信息交换的通信机制,即制定通信协议。
本文首先分析了典型的分布式监测系统的结构和技术特点,讨论了过程工业分布式监测系统架构和通讯协议设计中的关键问题,并针对这些问题,在总结和分析现有系统的基础上,提出了能满足所研究课题需求的动态可更新的过程工业分布式监测系统体系结构,并从应用层的角度分析了系统的通信需求。
其次,提出了基于XML的通信协议设计与实现方法,进而提高了协议的可扩展性和跨平台性,并应用到数据交互协议实现中。然后,在动态可更新的分布式监测系统框架模型基础上,为之量身打造了四种数据交互协议——系统状态信息交互协议,生产数据交互协议、动态更新协议以及用户管理协议,详细说明了这四种数据交互协议的设计思想、协议的内容和格式,并采用DTD对数据交互协议进行了形式化描述,对关键协议给出了协议实例。
最后,详细介绍了协议的打包和解析流程,探讨了基于DOM的XML解析器的设计思路,同时详细设计了分布式监测系统的通信组件为上层应用所提供的数据服务接口。利用数据服务接口,上层应用无需关心底层的网络数据传输,实现协议与上层逻辑的分离。
The network database laborotory which the autor has done a lot of research and actual development for years about industry process monitoring system such as oil, chemicals, metallurgy, paper making industries and other industrial manufacturing. With the development of information technology and the extensive demand of enterprise information, we began to research the assembly platform of process industrial monitoring system. Industrial process distributed monitoring system which is constructed by the assembly platform is composed of data collection subsystem, data service subsystems, data monitoring subsystem, Web subsystem and report processing subsystem.
The problem which industrial process distributed monitoring system faces is how to realize information exchanging among subsystems. In this paper , the communication mechanism served to realize information exchanging among subsystems was designed, which was on the basis of the framework model of the dynamically updating distributed monitoring system. The design of communication mechanism is the design of communication protocol.
First, structural and technical features of typical distributed monitoring systems were analyzed in this paper, and key issues were discussed which were encountered in the design of architecture and communication protocol of industrial process distributed monitoring system . In order to improve these issues, a architecture of dynamically updating distributed monitoring system was proposed which is based on the summary and analysis of the exist monitoring system, and communication demand of the system was analyzed from the view of application layer.
Second, the way of XML-based communication protocol design and implementation was proposed, which improved the scalability and cross-platform of the protocol, and was applied in the implementation of data communication protocol. Then, based on the framework model of dynamically updating distributed monitoring system, four kinds of data communication protocols were designed - System status information exchange protocol, production data exchange protocol, dynamically updating protocol and user management protocol. The design ideas、contents and the formats of the four data communication protocols were detailed. The data communication protocols were formally described using DTD, and examples for key protocols were given in the paper.
Finally, packing and parsing processes for the protocols were detailed , design ideas of the XML parser based on DOM was given, and the data service interfaces for upper application which are provided by communication components of distributed monitoring system data service interface was designed. By using the interface, upper application don't need to care about the underlying data transmission and the seperation of protocols and upper logic is realized.
引文
[1]杨帆.基于三层模型结构的过程工业监测系统—服务层的开发与设计[D].北京:北京化工大学,2002
[2]刘俊峰.基于.NET框架的工业生产数据监侧系统[D].北京:北京化工大学,2003
[3]Hwang Dae-Hee.Real-time monitoring for a process with multiple operating modes[J].Control Engineering Practice,1999,(7):65-69
[4]刘长华.基于.net平台的实时监测系统的设计与实现[D].北京:北京化工大学,2004
[5]贾化萍.C/S与B/S结合模式的大坝安全监测信息管理系统研究[D].南京:河海大学,2006
[6]汪维敏.基于C/S,B/S混合结构的分布式测控系统[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[7]郭利.基于C/S和B/S混合结构的印刷企业信息管理系统研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005
[8]彭四伟.过程工业监测系统三层模型结构的研究与开发[D].北京:北京化工大学,2000
[9]任光胜,杨继东,等.基于软件复用技术的监控软件设计[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(6):15-19
[10]史东林.实时监测平台数据服务子系统的设计与实现[D].北京:北京化工大学,2007
[11]马国华.监控组态软件及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.22-58
[12]Mark Birbect.XML高级编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.33-67
[13]Priscilla Walmsley,陈维军,乔安平,英宇.XML模式权威教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.25-56
[14]刘力军.基于XML数据交换的若干问题研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(计算技术研究所),2001
[15]杨辉,龚晓峰,武瑞娟.基于XML的频谱监测系统数据交换接口设计[J].计算机应用,2007,(6):314-316
[16]丁峰.电子商务环境下基于XML的数据集成机制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2002
[17]Elliotte Rusty Harold.XML宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.47-88
[18]徐小东.基于socket技术的数据交换平台的设计与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006
[19]王茂林,贺富强.Socket在局域网通信中的应用[J].舰船电子工程,2006,(5):43-47
[20]姜丽华.主动实时数据库管理系统[D].保定:华北电力大学,2004
[21]叶保留,顾铁成,陆桑璐.组播技术综述[J].小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(8):1409-1414
[22]Hugo Miranda,Alexandre Pinto,Appia,a flexible protocol kernel supporting multiple coordinated channels[J/OL].http://appia.di.fc.ul.pt/
[23]Media Object Server(MOS)Protocol v2.8.3[S].Document Revision 548,2006
[24]史亮,彭晖,庄镇泉,基于XML的入侵检测主体通讯机制[J],小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(12):33-36
[25]W3C Note,Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP)1.1[S/OL],http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP,2000
[26]徐爱华,全书海.Socket网络通信及其在电梯监控系统中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,(11):39-44
[27]马保国,王连锋,李华刚.XML在Socket方式实时数据交换中的应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2007,(5):18-20
[28]杨强.基于.NET的远程监控决策平台的设计和实现[D].西安:西安科技大学,2003
[29]Beasley R.VoiceXML语音应用程序开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.20-59
[30]Leung D.Real-time MPC supervisory system[J].Computers and Chemical Engineering,2000,24(7):2-7
[31]余勇,黄志球.协同设计环境中组通信服务的研究[J].南京航空航天大学第七届研究生学术会议,2005:75-78
[32]姜晓静.基于XML统一身份认证技术研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[33]吴建,等.UML基础与Rose建模案例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.6-40
[34]David Carlson,等.XML应用的UML建模技术[M].清华大学出版社,1998.7-50
[35]赵倩.DIDS实体通信机制的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[36]黄律,傅明,曾菲菲.XML的DOM接口研究[J].微处理机,2004,(6):32-34
[37]Benny Johansen,Matthew Reynolds,张哲峰.Windows应用高级编程-C#编程篇[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:20-40
[2]刘俊峰.基于.NET框架的工业生产数据监侧系统[D].北京:北京化工大学,2003
[3]Hwang Dae-Hee.Real-time monitoring for a process with multiple operating modes[J].Control Engineering Practice,1999,(7):65-69
[4]刘长华.基于.net平台的实时监测系统的设计与实现[D].北京:北京化工大学,2004
[5]贾化萍.C/S与B/S结合模式的大坝安全监测信息管理系统研究[D].南京:河海大学,2006
[6]汪维敏.基于C/S,B/S混合结构的分布式测控系统[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[7]郭利.基于C/S和B/S混合结构的印刷企业信息管理系统研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005
[8]彭四伟.过程工业监测系统三层模型结构的研究与开发[D].北京:北京化工大学,2000
[9]任光胜,杨继东,等.基于软件复用技术的监控软件设计[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(6):15-19
[10]史东林.实时监测平台数据服务子系统的设计与实现[D].北京:北京化工大学,2007
[11]马国华.监控组态软件及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.22-58
[12]Mark Birbect.XML高级编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.33-67
[13]Priscilla Walmsley,陈维军,乔安平,英宇.XML模式权威教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.25-56
[14]刘力军.基于XML数据交换的若干问题研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(计算技术研究所),2001
[15]杨辉,龚晓峰,武瑞娟.基于XML的频谱监测系统数据交换接口设计[J].计算机应用,2007,(6):314-316
[16]丁峰.电子商务环境下基于XML的数据集成机制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2002
[17]Elliotte Rusty Harold.XML宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.47-88
[18]徐小东.基于socket技术的数据交换平台的设计与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006
[19]王茂林,贺富强.Socket在局域网通信中的应用[J].舰船电子工程,2006,(5):43-47
[20]姜丽华.主动实时数据库管理系统[D].保定:华北电力大学,2004
[21]叶保留,顾铁成,陆桑璐.组播技术综述[J].小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(8):1409-1414
[22]Hugo Miranda,Alexandre Pinto,Appia,a flexible protocol kernel supporting multiple coordinated channels[J/OL].http://appia.di.fc.ul.pt/
[23]Media Object Server(MOS)Protocol v2.8.3[S].Document Revision 548,2006
[24]史亮,彭晖,庄镇泉,基于XML的入侵检测主体通讯机制[J],小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(12):33-36
[25]W3C Note,Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP)1.1[S/OL],http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP,2000
[26]徐爱华,全书海.Socket网络通信及其在电梯监控系统中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,(11):39-44
[27]马保国,王连锋,李华刚.XML在Socket方式实时数据交换中的应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2007,(5):18-20
[28]杨强.基于.NET的远程监控决策平台的设计和实现[D].西安:西安科技大学,2003
[29]Beasley R.VoiceXML语音应用程序开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.20-59
[30]Leung D.Real-time MPC supervisory system[J].Computers and Chemical Engineering,2000,24(7):2-7
[31]余勇,黄志球.协同设计环境中组通信服务的研究[J].南京航空航天大学第七届研究生学术会议,2005:75-78
[32]姜晓静.基于XML统一身份认证技术研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[33]吴建,等.UML基础与Rose建模案例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.6-40
[34]David Carlson,等.XML应用的UML建模技术[M].清华大学出版社,1998.7-50
[35]赵倩.DIDS实体通信机制的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006
[36]黄律,傅明,曾菲菲.XML的DOM接口研究[J].微处理机,2004,(6):32-34
[37]Benny Johansen,Matthew Reynolds,张哲峰.Windows应用高级编程-C#编程篇[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:20-40