湘桂地区构造运动对油气藏破坏作用研究
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摘要
湘桂地区内部进一步分为南盘江坳陷、湘中坳陷、桂中坳陷和十万山盆地四个负向一级构造单元。该区寒武系、泥盆系、石炭系和二叠系发育多套成熟烃源岩,具有良好的油气成藏条件。但由于烃源岩埋藏深、成熟早,成藏之后经历多期强烈的后期构造运动改造,先前形成的油气藏大都被破坏,导致目前地表出露多处古油藏和油气苗。多年的油气勘探证实,后期的构造运动对油气藏的破坏作用是制约该区油气勘探的关键问题。通过对该地区众多古油藏的研究,表明湘桂地区不同构造单元,油气藏的破坏因素不同。南盘江坳陷古油藏沿深大断裂分布,其破坏的主控因素是断裂活动;湘中坳陷和桂中坳陷古油藏和油气显示出露区缺失区域盖层,其破坏的主控因素是构造抬升剥蚀;十万山盆地古油藏目前残留的烃类主要是固体沥青,镜质体反射率(Rb)大都落在2.0以上,推算经历的最高热解温度均大于200℃,而且古油藏的分布区也是印支期岩浆岩集中分布区,因此推断该区油气藏破坏的主控因素是岩浆活动。
Xianggui Area is divided into Nanpanjiang Depression, Xiangzhong Depression,Guizhong Depression and three reverse first-order structural units of Shiwanshan Basin. Several units of mature source rocks, which were discoveried in Cambrian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian strata, provided good conditions for oil and gas accumulation. However, although the source rocks were buried deeply and matured early, because of the subsequent multi-stage severe constructural movements, the oil and gas reservoirs were destroyed after their accumulation and the ancient oil and gas reservoirs and oil seepages are exposed in the air. The experience confirms that the subsequent constructural movements mainly restrict the oil and gas explorations. The study of many ancient oil and gas reservoirs reveal that different structural units in Xianggui Area had different controls of reservoir destruction. The ancient oil and gas reservoirs are distributed along the discordogenic faults in Nanpanjiang Depression, where the key control of reservoir destruction was fault movement. In Xiangzhong Depression and Guizhong Depression, The ancient oil and gas reservoirs and seepages are exposed and the regional seals were eroded, where the key control of reservoir destruction was structural uplift and erosion. In Shiwanshan Basin, the residual hydrobarbon is solid bitumen, the vitrinite reflectance of which are above 2.0 mostly, and the calculated highest pyrolysis temperatures were above 200℃, meanwhile, the distribution of ancient oil and gas reservoirs coincide with the distribution of Indosinian magmatic rocks, so the key control of reservoir destruction was magmatic activity.
Xianggui Area is divided into Nanpanjiang Depression, Xiangzhong Depression,Guizhong Depression and three reverse first-order structural units of Shiwanshan Basin. Several units of mature source rocks, which were discoveried in Cambrian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian strata, provided good conditions for oil and gas accumulation. However, although the source rocks were buried deeply and matured early, because of the subsequent multi-stage severe constructural movements, the oil and gas reservoirs were destroyed after their accumulation and the ancient oil and gas reservoirs and oil seepages are exposed in the air. The experience confirms that the subsequent constructural movements mainly restrict the oil and gas explorations. The study of many ancient oil and gas reservoirs reveal that different structural units in Xianggui Area had different controls of reservoir destruction. The ancient oil and gas reservoirs are distributed along the discordogenic faults in Nanpanjiang Depression, where the key control of reservoir destruction was fault movement. In Xiangzhong Depression and Guizhong Depression, The ancient oil and gas reservoirs and seepages are exposed and the regional seals were eroded, where the key control of reservoir destruction was structural uplift and erosion. In Shiwanshan Basin, the residual hydrobarbon is solid bitumen, the vitrinite reflectance of which are above 2.0 mostly, and the calculated highest pyrolysis temperatures were above 200℃, meanwhile, the distribution of ancient oil and gas reservoirs coincide with the distribution of Indosinian magmatic rocks, so the key control of reservoir destruction was magmatic activity.
引文
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[2]张志斌,李朝阳,涂光炽,夏斌,韦振权.川、滇、黔接壤地区铅锌矿床产出的大地构造演化背景及成矿作用[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2006,30(3):343-354.
[3]姚根顺,李大成,卢文忠,徐政语.四川叠合盆地盆山耦合特征分析[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2006,30(4):435-444.
[4]郭彤楼,楼章华,马永生.南方海相油气保存条件评价和勘探决策中应注意的几个问题[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(1):3-9.
[5]吕延防,王振平.油气藏破坏机理分析[J].大庆石油学院学报, 2001,25(3):5-10.
[6]Grunau H R,郑朝阳译.从世界范围看盖层问题[J].石油地质与实验,1988,14:1~15.
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[8]楼章华,马永生,郭彤楼,朱蓉.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件评价[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):8-11.
[9]李明诚,李伟,蔡峰.油气成藏保存条件的综合研究[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):41-48.
[10]付广,薛永超,杨勉.异常高压对油气藏形成和保存的影响[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(5):379-382.
[11]胡春明.西斜坡区萨二、三油层油气保存条件[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(1):5-7.
[12]Macgregor D S.Factors controlling the destructionorpreservation of giant light oil field. Petroleum Geoscience,1996,2: 197-217.
[13]付广,王剑秦.地壳拾升对油气藏保存条件的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(2):18-27.
[14]中石化南方勘探开发有限责任公司项目内部资料。
[15]刘树根,赵锡奎,罗志立,徐国盛,王国芝.龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统构造事件研究[J].成都理工学院学报, 2001,28(3):221-230.
[16]刘文均.海西—印支期华南板块的沉积特点[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):328-336.
[17]王英民.海相改造残留盆地的地质特征和勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):28-32.
[18]王明艳,郭建华,旷理雄,朱锐,周小康.涟源坳陷中部构造带勘探潜力分析[J].天然气地质学,2005,16(5):581-586.
[19]许冬,邹婷婷,田静轩,许长海.广西十万山盆地花岗岩类岩石学及地球化学初步研究[J]华南地质与矿产,2004,3:43-49.
[20]朱锐,郭建华,周小康,王明艳,苏娟.湖南涟源凹陷构造解析[J].河南石油,2006,20(1):5-8.
[21]林良彪,陈洪德,陈子炓,侯明才,贺训云,郝毅.桂中坳陷中泥盆统烃源岩特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):45-48.
[22]赵孟军,张水昌,赵陵.南盘江盆地古油藏沥青地球化学特征及成因[J].地质学报, 2006,80(6):893-899.
[23]赵孟军,张水昌,赵陵.南盘江盆地油气成藏过程及天然气勘探前景分析[J].地质论评, 2006,52(5):642-649.
[24]赵孟军,张水昌,赵陵,刘培初.南盘江盆地古油藏沥青、天然气的地球化学特征及成因[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2007,37(2):167-177.
[25]路波,赵萍.火山岩的分布及其对油气藏的作用[J].特种油气藏, 2004,11(2):17-20.
[26]曹成润,韩春花,郑大荣.构造变动对油气藏保存的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2003,23(4):95-98.
[27]郭占谦,萧德铭,唐金生.深大断裂在油气藏形成中的作用[J].石油学报, 1996,17(3):27-32.
[28]毛健全,顾尚义,张启厚.右江-南盘江裂谷构造格局[J].贵州地质, 1999,16(3):188-194.
[29]刘泽容,信荃麟,王跃文.断块群油气藏形成机制和构造模式[J].北京:石油工业出版社.1998, 17(3):42-49.
[30]冯乔,汤锡元.岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系[J].西北地学,1997,18(1):56-62.
[31]冯乔,汤锡元.岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系[J].西北地学, 1997,18(1):56-62.
[32]陈学时.广西宁明下二叠统礁古油藏储层及成藏机理[J].石油学报, 1998,19(4):41-50.
[33]张小莉,冯乔,查明,巨银娟,杨懿.惠民凹陷岩浆作用对碎屑岩储层的影响[J].地质学报,2008,82(5):665-662.
[34] Mango F D. 1992. Transition metal catalysis in the generation of petroleum and natural gas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56:553-555.
[35]Mango F D. 1996. Transition metal catalysis in the generation of natural gas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 24(10/11):977-984.
[36]Mango F D, Hightower J W, Alan T, et al. 1994. Role of transition-metal catalysis in the generation of natural gas.Nature,368(7):536-538.
[37]田文广,姜振学,庞雄奇,孟庆洋,付立新.岩浆活动热模拟及其对烃源岩热演化作用模式研究[J].西南石油学院学报, 2005,27(1):12-16.
[38]汪新伟,韩效忠,侯宇光,周维博.南盘江坳陷及邻区海西晚期岩浆活动特征及其形成机制探讨[J].铀矿地质, 2005,21(2):72-78.
[39]赵宗举,朱淡,杨树峰,王根海,等.残留盆地油气系统研究方法-以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例[J]..地质学报, 2002,76(1):124-137.
[40]张志斌,李朝阳,涂光炽,夏斌,韦振权.川、滇、黔接壤地区铅锌矿床产出的大地构造演化背景及成矿作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3):343-354.
[41]孙永革,傅家漠,刘德汉,盛国英,陈振岩,吴铁生.火山活动对沉积有机质演化的影响及其油气地质意义[J].科学通报,1995,40(11):1019-1022.
[42]郭占谦.火山作用与油气田的形成和分布[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(3):183-185.
[43]白新华.浅析断裂活动对火山岩油气藏形成的控制作用[J].特种油气藏,1999,6(1):6-9.
[44]李昌年.岩浆混合作用及其研究评述[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(4):49-54.
[45]齐有强,胡瑞忠,刘燊,田建吉.岩浆混合作用研究综述[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2008,28(2):409-416.
[46]许顺山,吴淦国,邓军.岩浆侵位机制研究综述[J].地质科技情报,1998,17(4):8-14.
[47]栾锡武,秦蕴珊,宋海斌,石耀霖.岩浆驱动破裂的形态研究[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):138-141.