涡旋式膨胀机的热力特性研究
摘要
涡旋压缩机作为一种高效的压缩机械，早已广泛的应用于生产实践，但涡旋机械作为膨胀机使用，各方面的研究还很不成熟。根据压缩机与膨胀机结构上的相似、相近性和工作原理的相对性，在参考涡旋压缩机理论研究的基础上本文对涡旋膨胀机进行了系统的介绍、推导和较深入的性能分析。
根据涡旋压缩机几何研究理论，本文对涡旋膨胀机进行了比较完整的几何理论推演并对特定参数给予了新的定义；借助涡旋压缩机压缩过程热力分析方法对涡旋膨胀机的膨胀过程进行了深入的理论分析和初步模拟；参考定容积膨胀比膨胀机性能(螺杆式膨胀机)的研究方法，对涡旋式膨胀机进行了效率分析和实验研究。
首先，本文比较详细的介绍了涡旋机械的型线构造，之后对涡旋式膨胀机的几何理论进行了比较全面介绍和推导，在明晰涡旋膨胀机基本几何关系的基础上，对动、静涡盘进行了受力分析。
接着，本文对涡旋膨胀机膨胀过程的热力特性进行了比较深入的研究，建立了动态泄漏模型，并对有泄漏涡旋膨胀机的膨胀过程进行了简单模拟。在计算结果的基础上绘出了膨胀过程涡室内工质压力、质量和温度随转角的变化关系图，并进行了详细的分析。
最后，本文对影响涡旋膨胀机效率的主要因数“工质泄漏”和“匹配性”进行了综合性分析计算，对计算结果进行了一定的实验验证，并就二者的差异性给予了说明。
The scroll compressor, as a type of high efficiency compressor, is widely serviced in production and living. But the research to the scroll expander is still not satisfying. According to the structural comparability and the relativity of work between the scroll compressor and the scroll expander, this thesis introduces and deduces the geometrical theory on the scroll expander systemically and analyses roundly its performance.
On the basis of the geometrical theory on the scroll compressor, a relatively integrated geometrical theory on the scroll expander is deduced and some new parameters are defined in the article. According to the thermodynamic analysis method of the compressing process of the scroll compressor, an in-depth theoretical study and a primary process simulation to the expanding process of the scroll expander are expressed in the paper. And in terms of the study way of the screw expander, efficiency analysis and experimental studies on the scroll expander are given in the thesis.
Firstly, this paper introduces the model-line of the scroll expander in detail and deduces integrally the geometrical theory on the scroll expander. Basing on the transparent geometrical relation of the scroll expander, force analysis of the immobile and the rotary turbination are showed in the paper.
Secondly, the thermodynamic analysis on the expanding process, the setting-up of the dynamic leakage model and the primary process simulation are expressed in this study. And according to the calculation of the simulation, some graphs are drew, which express the quality, pressure and temperature variation in the scroll room to the revolving angle of the principal axis.
At last, the factors of "the leakage" and "the matching" which influence the efficiency of the scroll expander greatly are analyzed and studied synthetically. And the results of the calculation and the experiment are also compared in the article.
根据涡旋压缩机几何研究理论，本文对涡旋膨胀机进行了比较完整的几何理论推演并对特定参数给予了新的定义；借助涡旋压缩机压缩过程热力分析方法对涡旋膨胀机的膨胀过程进行了深入的理论分析和初步模拟；参考定容积膨胀比膨胀机性能(螺杆式膨胀机)的研究方法，对涡旋式膨胀机进行了效率分析和实验研究。
首先，本文比较详细的介绍了涡旋机械的型线构造，之后对涡旋式膨胀机的几何理论进行了比较全面介绍和推导，在明晰涡旋膨胀机基本几何关系的基础上，对动、静涡盘进行了受力分析。
接着，本文对涡旋膨胀机膨胀过程的热力特性进行了比较深入的研究，建立了动态泄漏模型，并对有泄漏涡旋膨胀机的膨胀过程进行了简单模拟。在计算结果的基础上绘出了膨胀过程涡室内工质压力、质量和温度随转角的变化关系图，并进行了详细的分析。
最后，本文对影响涡旋膨胀机效率的主要因数“工质泄漏”和“匹配性”进行了综合性分析计算，对计算结果进行了一定的实验验证，并就二者的差异性给予了说明。
The scroll compressor, as a type of high efficiency compressor, is widely serviced in production and living. But the research to the scroll expander is still not satisfying. According to the structural comparability and the relativity of work between the scroll compressor and the scroll expander, this thesis introduces and deduces the geometrical theory on the scroll expander systemically and analyses roundly its performance.
On the basis of the geometrical theory on the scroll compressor, a relatively integrated geometrical theory on the scroll expander is deduced and some new parameters are defined in the article. According to the thermodynamic analysis method of the compressing process of the scroll compressor, an in-depth theoretical study and a primary process simulation to the expanding process of the scroll expander are expressed in the paper. And in terms of the study way of the screw expander, efficiency analysis and experimental studies on the scroll expander are given in the thesis.
Firstly, this paper introduces the model-line of the scroll expander in detail and deduces integrally the geometrical theory on the scroll expander. Basing on the transparent geometrical relation of the scroll expander, force analysis of the immobile and the rotary turbination are showed in the paper.
Secondly, the thermodynamic analysis on the expanding process, the setting-up of the dynamic leakage model and the primary process simulation are expressed in this study. And according to the calculation of the simulation, some graphs are drew, which express the quality, pressure and temperature variation in the scroll room to the revolving angle of the principal axis.
At last, the factors of "the leakage" and "the matching" which influence the efficiency of the scroll expander greatly are analyzed and studied synthetically. And the results of the calculation and the experiment are also compared in the article.
引文
1．黄允东，王存智．利用涡旋机械的朗肯—朗肯循环制冷系统的理论分析和研究．石油化工设备技术，1997，(3)：1～4
2. Oomori, Hideyo etc. New engine design and engine component Technology. SAE Special Publications, 1993:159～164, ISSN:0099-5908
3．郑敏之．涡卷式膨胀机的性能试验．压缩机技术，1991，No．3
4．李连生．涡旋式膨胀机的理论分析与研究．低温工程，1994，(4)：7～12
5．顾兆林等．燃气涡旋式发动机．专利申请号：94246833 专利公告号：2214531
6．黄允东，郁永章．利用涡旋机械的朗肯—朗肯循环制冷系统制冷剂的优选．流体机械，1997，(1)：52～55
7．沈永年．涡旋式膨胀机热力过程分析与实验研究．低温工程，2000，(4)：23～28
8．沈永年．一种利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器．低温工程，2001，(3)：13-17
9．李连生，郁永章等．采用渐开线的涡旋型线理论研究．流体机械，1994 (5)：50～57
10．李连生．涡旋压缩机[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．
11．樊灵，曲宗长等．涡旋压缩机型线研究的概述．机械工程学报[J]，2000(9)：1～4．
12．日本，森下悦生等．涡旋式压缩机的几何理论．流体机械，1985，(4)：23～33
13. Jean-Luc.Caillet A compressor model for scroll compressors. 1988 Purdue ICEC
14．李连生．郁永章．涡旋压缩机工作过程的热力学模拟与容积比确定的新方法．压缩机技术，1990，(2)：26～29
15．顾兆林．涡旋压缩机工作过程的分析和模拟．低温工程．1992，(3)：37-43
16．郑娱泉．螺杆膨胀机的研究．四川工学院学报．1991，150～164
17．胡亮光等．中低温能源全流发电螺杆彭胀机的性能及实验研究．工程热物理学报．1989，(4)：89-95
2. Oomori, Hideyo etc. New engine design and engine component Technology. SAE Special Publications, 1993:159～164, ISSN:0099-5908
3．郑敏之．涡卷式膨胀机的性能试验．压缩机技术，1991，No．3
4．李连生．涡旋式膨胀机的理论分析与研究．低温工程，1994，(4)：7～12
5．顾兆林等．燃气涡旋式发动机．专利申请号：94246833 专利公告号：2214531
6．黄允东，郁永章．利用涡旋机械的朗肯—朗肯循环制冷系统制冷剂的优选．流体机械，1997，(1)：52～55
7．沈永年．涡旋式膨胀机热力过程分析与实验研究．低温工程，2000，(4)：23～28
8．沈永年．一种利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器．低温工程，2001，(3)：13-17
9．李连生，郁永章等．采用渐开线的涡旋型线理论研究．流体机械，1994 (5)：50～57
10．李连生．涡旋压缩机[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．
11．樊灵，曲宗长等．涡旋压缩机型线研究的概述．机械工程学报[J]，2000(9)：1～4．
12．日本，森下悦生等．涡旋式压缩机的几何理论．流体机械，1985，(4)：23～33
13. Jean-Luc.Caillet A compressor model for scroll compressors. 1988 Purdue ICEC
14．李连生．郁永章．涡旋压缩机工作过程的热力学模拟与容积比确定的新方法．压缩机技术，1990，(2)：26～29
15．顾兆林．涡旋压缩机工作过程的分析和模拟．低温工程．1992，(3)：37-43
16．郑娱泉．螺杆膨胀机的研究．四川工学院学报．1991，150～164
17．胡亮光等．中低温能源全流发电螺杆彭胀机的性能及实验研究．工程热物理学报．1989，(4)：89-95