芳纶1313织物及其增强硅橡胶复合材料的性能研究
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摘要
橡胶是一种高弹性的高分子化合物,也称做弹性体。由于橡胶的弹性大,弹性模量较低,在外力的作用下极易产生变形。因此,很多橡胶制品都是以复合材料的形态存在的。作为高温环境下使用的橡胶制品,不仅要求其具有优异的力学性能,同时要有优异的热学性能。复合材料的性能既与基布性能相关,也与热压工艺相关。
(1)论文对增强橡胶复合材料常用涤纶和芳纶1313平纹机织基布的性能进行实验研究,二种织物的组织相同,经纬线密度和密度略有差异,面密度分别为120.45g/m2和115.41 g/m2。芳纶1313回潮率比涤纶回潮率大,涤纶纱线强度大、伸长小,但干热收缩率较大;芳纶1313基布比涤纶基布强度小,伸长大,但其耐热性能和尺寸稳定性能显著优于涤纶基布。因此,研究芳纶1313机织基布力学性能有助于合理、经济开发高温环境中使用的橡胶复合材料。
(2)芳纶1313平纹机织基布热学性能优越,但强力较低,价格高。论文对两组线密度不同的纱线进行基布的优化设计,探讨纱线强力、织物经纬密度与织物拉伸强力、撕裂强力的关系。①织物在拉伸外力作用下的强力预测y = 3 .66x1 +73.34x2?574.32,根据织物的强力要求和已知纱线强度,获得织物设计的最低的经纬密度,以节约成本。②增强橡胶复合材料芳纶1313机织基布一般为稀密织物,在撕裂过程中存在纱线滑移、聚集等现象。
(3)增强橡胶复合材料的热压工艺主要包括温度、压力和时间三个因素。论文通过单因子试验找出对芳纶1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料拉伸性能影响最大的3个水平,温度为140、145、150℃;压力为10、12.5、15Mpa;时间为15、20、25min。然后,通过正交试验探讨热压工艺对1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料拉伸、撕裂和剥离等力学性能的影响。①温度、时间、压力对复合材料拉伸强力在显著水平0.05下有高度的显著性,而且温度的影响最大,时间的影响次之,压力的影响最小;热压工艺对复合材料撕裂性能在显著水平0.05下有高度的显著性,压力的影响最大,时间的影响次之,温度的影响最小;热压工艺对复合材料剥离强力的影响不显著。②优化工艺为热压压力10Mpa,热压温度150℃,热压时间15min。优化工艺下制得的芳纶1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度为19.92 Mpa、撕裂强力为80.71N/5cm、剥离强度为33.52N/5cm。
Rubber is elastomer of high molecular compound with high elasticity. Rubber is easy to deform under the action of forces due to its high elaseicity and low elastic module. Accordingly, many rubber products exist in composite form. The rubber composite material, which is used in high temperature environment, not only requiers its excellent mechanical properties, but also has excellent thermal properties. The properties of this composite material are associated with the property of skeleton material such as fabrics and the compound technology such as the hot-forming.
(1) The properties of polyester and aramid 1313 plain woven fabric which are usually used for skeleton material of rubber composite are researched by experiment, the area density of this two kinds of fabrics which have the same organization, similar linear density and fabric density are 115.41g/m2 and 120.45g/m2. The moisture regain of aramid 1313 is much larger than polyester yarn, and the polyester yarn has high strength, low elongation and major dry heat shrinkage. The aramid 1313 fabric has lower strength and larger elongation than polyester, but its heat resistance and dimensional stability are significantly better than polyester fabric. Therefore, the research about mechanical property of aramid 1313 fabric is useful for the development of rubber composite reasonable and economic.
(2) Aramid 1313 plain-woven fabric has superior thermal porperties, but low strength and high price. The optimal design of fabrics, which have different linear density, were studied to research the relationship between the strength of yarn, fabric density and fabric tensile strength, tear strength.①Fabric tensile strength can be predicted, according to this formule, y = 3 .66x1 +73.34x2?574.32.②The aramid 1313 fabric, which is used for foundtion of rubber composite is usually thin density fabric, there is yarn slipped, gathered and so on between the tearing.
The hot-forming technology of composite material is associated with temperature, pressure and time. Three levels which are the greatest impacts of tensile property of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber, were found by single factor test. The values as follows: Temperature are 140, 145, 150℃; Pressure are 10, 12.5, 15Mpa; Time are 15, 20, 25 min. Then, orthogonal test is used to explore the hot-forming technology influence mechanical property of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber composite material.①Temperature, time, pressure have remarkable influence on the tensile strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material. The greatest impact is temperature, time is the second, the least is pressure; Temperature, time, pressure has remarkable influence on the tearing strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material. The greatest impact is pressure, time is the second, the least is temperature; the influence between hot-forming process and peel strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material is not obvious.②The optimized technological parameter of hot-forming are pressure of 10Mpa, temperature of 150℃, time of 15min. The tensile strength of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber composite material made by optimized hot-forming technological parameter is 19.92 Mpa, tear strength of that is 80.71N/5cm, peel strength of that is 33.52N/5cm.
(1)论文对增强橡胶复合材料常用涤纶和芳纶1313平纹机织基布的性能进行实验研究,二种织物的组织相同,经纬线密度和密度略有差异,面密度分别为120.45g/m2和115.41 g/m2。芳纶1313回潮率比涤纶回潮率大,涤纶纱线强度大、伸长小,但干热收缩率较大;芳纶1313基布比涤纶基布强度小,伸长大,但其耐热性能和尺寸稳定性能显著优于涤纶基布。因此,研究芳纶1313机织基布力学性能有助于合理、经济开发高温环境中使用的橡胶复合材料。
(2)芳纶1313平纹机织基布热学性能优越,但强力较低,价格高。论文对两组线密度不同的纱线进行基布的优化设计,探讨纱线强力、织物经纬密度与织物拉伸强力、撕裂强力的关系。①织物在拉伸外力作用下的强力预测y = 3 .66x1 +73.34x2?574.32,根据织物的强力要求和已知纱线强度,获得织物设计的最低的经纬密度,以节约成本。②增强橡胶复合材料芳纶1313机织基布一般为稀密织物,在撕裂过程中存在纱线滑移、聚集等现象。
(3)增强橡胶复合材料的热压工艺主要包括温度、压力和时间三个因素。论文通过单因子试验找出对芳纶1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料拉伸性能影响最大的3个水平,温度为140、145、150℃;压力为10、12.5、15Mpa;时间为15、20、25min。然后,通过正交试验探讨热压工艺对1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料拉伸、撕裂和剥离等力学性能的影响。①温度、时间、压力对复合材料拉伸强力在显著水平0.05下有高度的显著性,而且温度的影响最大,时间的影响次之,压力的影响最小;热压工艺对复合材料撕裂性能在显著水平0.05下有高度的显著性,压力的影响最大,时间的影响次之,温度的影响最小;热压工艺对复合材料剥离强力的影响不显著。②优化工艺为热压压力10Mpa,热压温度150℃,热压时间15min。优化工艺下制得的芳纶1313织物/硅橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度为19.92 Mpa、撕裂强力为80.71N/5cm、剥离强度为33.52N/5cm。
Rubber is elastomer of high molecular compound with high elasticity. Rubber is easy to deform under the action of forces due to its high elaseicity and low elastic module. Accordingly, many rubber products exist in composite form. The rubber composite material, which is used in high temperature environment, not only requiers its excellent mechanical properties, but also has excellent thermal properties. The properties of this composite material are associated with the property of skeleton material such as fabrics and the compound technology such as the hot-forming.
(1) The properties of polyester and aramid 1313 plain woven fabric which are usually used for skeleton material of rubber composite are researched by experiment, the area density of this two kinds of fabrics which have the same organization, similar linear density and fabric density are 115.41g/m2 and 120.45g/m2. The moisture regain of aramid 1313 is much larger than polyester yarn, and the polyester yarn has high strength, low elongation and major dry heat shrinkage. The aramid 1313 fabric has lower strength and larger elongation than polyester, but its heat resistance and dimensional stability are significantly better than polyester fabric. Therefore, the research about mechanical property of aramid 1313 fabric is useful for the development of rubber composite reasonable and economic.
(2) Aramid 1313 plain-woven fabric has superior thermal porperties, but low strength and high price. The optimal design of fabrics, which have different linear density, were studied to research the relationship between the strength of yarn, fabric density and fabric tensile strength, tear strength.①Fabric tensile strength can be predicted, according to this formule, y = 3 .66x1 +73.34x2?574.32.②The aramid 1313 fabric, which is used for foundtion of rubber composite is usually thin density fabric, there is yarn slipped, gathered and so on between the tearing.
The hot-forming technology of composite material is associated with temperature, pressure and time. Three levels which are the greatest impacts of tensile property of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber, were found by single factor test. The values as follows: Temperature are 140, 145, 150℃; Pressure are 10, 12.5, 15Mpa; Time are 15, 20, 25 min. Then, orthogonal test is used to explore the hot-forming technology influence mechanical property of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber composite material.①Temperature, time, pressure have remarkable influence on the tensile strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material. The greatest impact is temperature, time is the second, the least is pressure; Temperature, time, pressure has remarkable influence on the tearing strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material. The greatest impact is pressure, time is the second, the least is temperature; the influence between hot-forming process and peel strength of aramid 1313 fabric/rubber composite material is not obvious.②The optimized technological parameter of hot-forming are pressure of 10Mpa, temperature of 150℃, time of 15min. The tensile strength of aramid 1313 fabric/silastic rubber composite material made by optimized hot-forming technological parameter is 19.92 Mpa, tear strength of that is 80.71N/5cm, peel strength of that is 33.52N/5cm.
引文
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[9]君轩.短纤维补强橡胶材料[J].世界橡胶工业.第32 (9):55-57
[10]程永悦.木质纤维素短纤维的性能及其在轮胎中的应用[J].橡胶工业,2004, 24:18-20
[11]任玉柱等.对位芳纶短纤维/氢化丁睛橡胶复合材料的制备及其结构性能[J].合成橡胶工业,2006,29(2):117-121
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[13]段先健等.橡胶用短纤维预处理的新研究[J].弹性体,1999,9(l):46-47
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[15]杨霜等.混杂纤维复合材料阻尼性能的研究[J].纤维复合材料,2002.1-7.
[16] Galiotic C,Young R J.Batchelder D N[J].Journal of Materials and Science,1984,19:36-40.
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[19] B.Wielageetal.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTeehnology139(2003):140-146.
[20] vanderpolJF.Shortparaaramidfiberreinforeement[J] , RubberWorld , 1994 ,210(3):32-37
[21]李杨.帘线/橡胶复合材料界面力学性能研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学硕士研究生毕业论文.2009.6
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