鳞片石墨浮选特性及工艺研究
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摘要
鳞片石墨具有优异的物理、化学和机械性能,在冶金、机械、电子、国防、航天等领域得到广泛应用。然而,由于对鳞片石墨浮选特性及工艺研究的不足,造成石墨分选工艺流程冗长、生产强度低。论文以我国典型鳞片石墨为对象,运用流体力学、界面化学和选矿学等理论,对鳞片石墨颗粒的表面润湿特性、颗粒粒间作用形式以及在矿浆中的分散和团聚、浮选的矿化行为及泡沫层稳定性进行了较深入的研究；采用扫描电镜和微热量仪、粉末接触角仪等考察了鳞片石墨颗粒表面形貌与特性,并利用自行装配的真空浮选装置研究鳞片石墨矿化、泡沫层中颗粒团聚特性以及鳞片石墨浮选矿化方式、泡沫层脱水的规律；还采用超声波外场技术对石墨分选的调浆、药剂乳化等进行强化。研究结果表明,鳞片石墨具有易形成疏水聚团并以气絮团方式矿化的特性；不同精选段产物、同段不同粒级石墨的表面性质有较大的差别,大鳞片石墨颗粒表面嵌覆微细脉石,微细颗粒以夹杂连生为主；超声分散固体悬浮液、调浆、乳化药剂和超声浮选均能改善浮选效果。在论文研究成果的基础上,构建了多段磨矿、分级浮选、超声强化的鳞片石墨浮选新工艺。
Flake graphite materials are applied widely in the field of metallurgy, mechanism, electronics, national defence and spaceflight due to their excellent properties of physics, chemistry and mechanism. While the deficiency on the research of floatation characteristics and technics of flake graphite resulted in long technics process and low product capacity of graphite floatation. Typical flake graphite is employed as the research object in this paper, the mineralization behavior of flake graphite floatation, wetting characteristic of particle, action model between particles, surface morphology and the dispersity and reunion of floatation pulp, foam-layer stability are studied deeply by hydromechanics, surface chemistry and mineral science. The surface characteristics of flake graphite were studied using SEM, microbolometer and powder contact angle meter. The mineralization of flake graphite, the agglomeration characteristics of particles in foam layer and the floatation mineralization method of flake graphite and the regulation of foam-layer dehydration were studied by using vacuum floatation device; and the technology of ultrasonic outfield were operated to strengthen the slurry and emulsifiers in the process of graphite floatation. The results indicate that flake graphite show characteristic of forming hydrophobic groups and mineralizing as the way of gas-flocks; there are discrepancies for graphite in different floatation class or different granularity in same floatation and a agglomeration for particle happened in ore pulp; the floatation effect could be improved using ultrasonic to disperse solid, slurry, emulsifiers or ultrasonic floatation. On the basis of these results, the paper constructed a new technics of flake graphite floatation by multi-stage grinding, grade floatation and ultrasonic intensification.
Flake graphite materials are applied widely in the field of metallurgy, mechanism, electronics, national defence and spaceflight due to their excellent properties of physics, chemistry and mechanism. While the deficiency on the research of floatation characteristics and technics of flake graphite resulted in long technics process and low product capacity of graphite floatation. Typical flake graphite is employed as the research object in this paper, the mineralization behavior of flake graphite floatation, wetting characteristic of particle, action model between particles, surface morphology and the dispersity and reunion of floatation pulp, foam-layer stability are studied deeply by hydromechanics, surface chemistry and mineral science. The surface characteristics of flake graphite were studied using SEM, microbolometer and powder contact angle meter. The mineralization of flake graphite, the agglomeration characteristics of particles in foam layer and the floatation mineralization method of flake graphite and the regulation of foam-layer dehydration were studied by using vacuum floatation device; and the technology of ultrasonic outfield were operated to strengthen the slurry and emulsifiers in the process of graphite floatation. The results indicate that flake graphite show characteristic of forming hydrophobic groups and mineralizing as the way of gas-flocks; there are discrepancies for graphite in different floatation class or different granularity in same floatation and a agglomeration for particle happened in ore pulp; the floatation effect could be improved using ultrasonic to disperse solid, slurry, emulsifiers or ultrasonic floatation. On the basis of these results, the paper constructed a new technics of flake graphite floatation by multi-stage grinding, grade floatation and ultrasonic intensification.
引文
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