百合试管鳞茎形成及膨大的研究
摘要
以麝香百合(Lilium.longiflorum)、亚洲百合杂交系(Lilium.asiatic hybrids)两个品种‘Acuba'、‘Nove Cento'及卷丹(Lilium.lancifolium)的无菌苗为外植体,从培养条件入手,探索优化促进试管鳞茎膨大的培养基,为百合试管鳞茎的工厂化生产提供理论依据和关键技术。结论如下:
1.以麝香百合的花丝、花梗等为外植体,诱导形成试管苗。研究发现,培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L适合花丝诱导愈伤和分化,适合花梗诱导愈伤及分化的培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L。MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L最适合无菌苗的继代,繁殖系数最高,为5.29。
2.不同培养条件对试管鳞茎膨大的影响。在一定范围内,提高糖浓度会促进鳞茎的膨大,但浓度过高(120g/L)会影响鳞茎的形成,90g/L对于麝香百合和亚洲百合‘Acuba'都是最适合鳞茎化培养的浓度,鳞茎的平均鲜重分别为107.86mg和127.97mg。
生长素NAA对于鳞茎的膨大也有促进作用。在培养基中附加0.5mg/L的NAA最适合麝香百合试管鳞茎的膨大,其鳞茎平均鲜重达122.64mg:而对于‘Nove Cento',2.0mg/L的NAA适合鳞茎膨大培养,获得的鳞茎平均鲜重为124.22mg。
在培养基中附加5mg/L的PP_(333)可以使麝香百合获得最大鳞茎鲜重,为99.22mg;10mg/L的PP_(333)适合‘Nove Cento'的鳞茎膨大培养,获得的平均鳞重为105.06mg。
在正交试验中,‘Acuba'可选用90g/L蔗糖、10mg/L PP_(333)和0.025mmol/L SA进行鳞茎化培养,获得鳞茎平均鲜重为161.17mg;‘Nove Cento'可选用90g/L蔗糖、1mg/L PP_(333)和0.1mmol/L SA进行鳞茎化培养,获得鳞茎平均鲜重为209.93mg。
活性炭具有很强的促进生长和生根效果,同时也具有较强的促进鳞茎形成效果,麝香百合和卷丹都可采用3g/L的AC进行鳞茎化培养,获得的鳞茎平均鲜重都为对照的2～3倍。
茉莉酸甲酯(Me-JA)对麝香百合鳞茎的增重有效果,可以使鳞茎平均鲜重达到110.77mg;而对于卷丹,茉莉酸甲酯并没有显著作用。
液体浅层静置由于更易于鳞茎对营养物质的吸收,因此促进鳞茎的膨大,麝香百合和卷丹在液体培养中都获得了最大的鳞茎鲜重,分别为161.62mg和249.84mg,超过8mm的大鳞茎分别达到48.53%和54.05%,这种培养方式还可以缩短鳞茎培养时间到60天。
以液体培养基为基础,添加蔗糖和活性炭能够很有效地促进试管鳞茎膨大,这种培养基会强烈地促使叶片及根生长,还有试管鳞茎的膨大,比单独使用其中任何一种,效果都要好得多。60g/L蔗糖+3g/L活性炭最有利于麝香百合试管鳞茎膨大,平均鲜重达627.32mg,获得的13mm以上的鳞茎达39.02%;90g/L蔗糖+3g/L活性炭是促进卷丹试管鳞茎膨大的最适浓度,平均鲜重达479.17mg,获得的13m以上的鳞茎达10.25%。
3.将固体培养基上获得的试管鳞茎按直径大小分成A:8mm以上、B:5-8mm及C:3-5mm三个等级,经播种栽培后麝香百合成活率分别为95.8%、81.9%、80.6%。亚洲百合‘Nove Cento'成活率分别为85.7%、68.3%、44.4%。萌发苗长势随直径的增大而增强。将液体培养基上获得的卷丹试管鳞茎按直径大小分成D:12mm以上、E:9-12mm和F:7-9mm三个等级,经播种栽培后卷丹成活率都在85%以上。12mm以上鳞茎萌发植株最健壮,60天后鳞茎平均直径仍在7mm以上。
The sterile seedlings of Lilium,longiflorum、Lilium.asiatic hybrids 'Acuba'、'Nove Cento' and Lilium.lancifolium were taken as explants to induce the bulblets in vitro.In order to improve factory production of bulblets from sterile seedlings,the tissue culture condition of the technique of bulblets enlargement was optimized.
1.Filament and pedicel of L.longiflorum were taken as explants to induce plantlet. The medium of MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L and MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L were suitable to induce the callus and differentiation for the filament and pedice respectively;The medium of MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/1L showed the best effect for the buds multiplication.
2.Effect of culture condition on the bulblets enlargement Within a certain range, raising the concentration of sucrose could increase the diameter of bulblets.But the excessive high concentration(120g/L) could weaken the effect.The concentration of 90g/L was the optimal concentration for the culture of bulblets in vitro,either L.longiflorum or 'Acuba',the fresh weight of bulblets came up to 107.86mg and 127.97mg respectively.
The medium additioned 5mg/L PP_(333) showed the best fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets in vitro,it was 99.22mg;for 'Nove Cento',the concentration of 10mg/L was suitable.
The concentration of 0.5mg/L NAA showed the best effect to increasing the fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets,it came up to 122.64mg;the concentration 2.0mg/L NAA were suitable for the enlargement of 'Nove Cento' bulblets.
In the experiment of orthogonal design,the medium with 90g/Lsucrose、10mg/L PP_(333) and 0.025mmol/L SA was suitable for 'Acuba' bulblets enlargement;the medium with 90g/L sucrose、1mg/L PP_(333) and 0.1mmol/L SA was suitable for 'Nove Cento'.
AC had powerful effect on promoting leaf growth and rooting,and had powful effect on promoting bulblet enlargement.3g/L AC was suitable for bulblets culture of L. longiflorurn and L.lancifolium,and the fresh weight of them was 2～3 times to CK.
Me-JA had powerful effect on L.longiflorum,it made the fresh weight up to 110.77mg;but there was no notable difference on L.lancifolium.
The shallow liquid system was useful for the bulblets to absorbe the nutrition,so it was good for the diameter increasing.There was best fresh weight on the shallow liquid system for L.longiflorum and L.lancifolium,it came up to 161.62mg and 249.84mg respectively,and the percentage of large bulblets(dm＞8mm) was 48.53%and 54.05% respectively.This culture system could also shorten the time of bulblets culture to 60 days.
The liquid culture containing sucrose and AC simultaneity had more powerful effect on promoting leaf growth,rooting and bulblet enlargement than the effect of using sucrose or AC respectively.The medium with 60g/L sucrose and 3g/L AC showed the best effect to increasing the fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets,it came up to 627.32mg, and the percentage of bulblets(dm＞13mm)was up to 39.02%.The medium with 90g/L sucrose and 3g/L AC was suitable for the culture of L.lancifolium bulblets enlargement, the fresh weight of bulblets came up to 479.17mg,and the percentage of bulblets (dm＞13mm) was 10.25%.
3.The bulblets from the solid medium were classified to three grades on the basis of diameter A:＞8mm,B:5-8mm and C:3-5mm.The living rate of L.longiflorum and 'Nove Cento' were respectively 95.8%、81.9%、80.6%and 85.7%、68.3%、44.4%;After sowing, the living seedlings from bigger diameter became stronger.The bulblets from the liquid medium were classified to three grades on the basis of diameter D:＞12mm、E:9-12mm and F:7-9mm.The living rate of L.lancifolium in different grade were up all to 85%.The bulblets whose diameter up to 12mm grew best,and the diameter was over 7mm after planting for 60days.
1.以麝香百合的花丝、花梗等为外植体,诱导形成试管苗。研究发现,培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L适合花丝诱导愈伤和分化,适合花梗诱导愈伤及分化的培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L。MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L最适合无菌苗的继代,繁殖系数最高,为5.29。
2.不同培养条件对试管鳞茎膨大的影响。在一定范围内,提高糖浓度会促进鳞茎的膨大,但浓度过高(120g/L)会影响鳞茎的形成,90g/L对于麝香百合和亚洲百合‘Acuba'都是最适合鳞茎化培养的浓度,鳞茎的平均鲜重分别为107.86mg和127.97mg。
生长素NAA对于鳞茎的膨大也有促进作用。在培养基中附加0.5mg/L的NAA最适合麝香百合试管鳞茎的膨大,其鳞茎平均鲜重达122.64mg:而对于‘Nove Cento',2.0mg/L的NAA适合鳞茎膨大培养,获得的鳞茎平均鲜重为124.22mg。
在培养基中附加5mg/L的PP_(333)可以使麝香百合获得最大鳞茎鲜重,为99.22mg;10mg/L的PP_(333)适合‘Nove Cento'的鳞茎膨大培养,获得的平均鳞重为105.06mg。
在正交试验中,‘Acuba'可选用90g/L蔗糖、10mg/L PP_(333)和0.025mmol/L SA进行鳞茎化培养,获得鳞茎平均鲜重为161.17mg;‘Nove Cento'可选用90g/L蔗糖、1mg/L PP_(333)和0.1mmol/L SA进行鳞茎化培养,获得鳞茎平均鲜重为209.93mg。
活性炭具有很强的促进生长和生根效果,同时也具有较强的促进鳞茎形成效果,麝香百合和卷丹都可采用3g/L的AC进行鳞茎化培养,获得的鳞茎平均鲜重都为对照的2～3倍。
茉莉酸甲酯(Me-JA)对麝香百合鳞茎的增重有效果,可以使鳞茎平均鲜重达到110.77mg;而对于卷丹,茉莉酸甲酯并没有显著作用。
液体浅层静置由于更易于鳞茎对营养物质的吸收,因此促进鳞茎的膨大,麝香百合和卷丹在液体培养中都获得了最大的鳞茎鲜重,分别为161.62mg和249.84mg,超过8mm的大鳞茎分别达到48.53%和54.05%,这种培养方式还可以缩短鳞茎培养时间到60天。
以液体培养基为基础,添加蔗糖和活性炭能够很有效地促进试管鳞茎膨大,这种培养基会强烈地促使叶片及根生长,还有试管鳞茎的膨大,比单独使用其中任何一种,效果都要好得多。60g/L蔗糖+3g/L活性炭最有利于麝香百合试管鳞茎膨大,平均鲜重达627.32mg,获得的13mm以上的鳞茎达39.02%;90g/L蔗糖+3g/L活性炭是促进卷丹试管鳞茎膨大的最适浓度,平均鲜重达479.17mg,获得的13m以上的鳞茎达10.25%。
3.将固体培养基上获得的试管鳞茎按直径大小分成A:8mm以上、B:5-8mm及C:3-5mm三个等级,经播种栽培后麝香百合成活率分别为95.8%、81.9%、80.6%。亚洲百合‘Nove Cento'成活率分别为85.7%、68.3%、44.4%。萌发苗长势随直径的增大而增强。将液体培养基上获得的卷丹试管鳞茎按直径大小分成D:12mm以上、E:9-12mm和F:7-9mm三个等级,经播种栽培后卷丹成活率都在85%以上。12mm以上鳞茎萌发植株最健壮,60天后鳞茎平均直径仍在7mm以上。
The sterile seedlings of Lilium,longiflorum、Lilium.asiatic hybrids 'Acuba'、'Nove Cento' and Lilium.lancifolium were taken as explants to induce the bulblets in vitro.In order to improve factory production of bulblets from sterile seedlings,the tissue culture condition of the technique of bulblets enlargement was optimized.
1.Filament and pedicel of L.longiflorum were taken as explants to induce plantlet. The medium of MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L and MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L were suitable to induce the callus and differentiation for the filament and pedice respectively;The medium of MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/1L showed the best effect for the buds multiplication.
2.Effect of culture condition on the bulblets enlargement Within a certain range, raising the concentration of sucrose could increase the diameter of bulblets.But the excessive high concentration(120g/L) could weaken the effect.The concentration of 90g/L was the optimal concentration for the culture of bulblets in vitro,either L.longiflorum or 'Acuba',the fresh weight of bulblets came up to 107.86mg and 127.97mg respectively.
The medium additioned 5mg/L PP_(333) showed the best fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets in vitro,it was 99.22mg;for 'Nove Cento',the concentration of 10mg/L was suitable.
The concentration of 0.5mg/L NAA showed the best effect to increasing the fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets,it came up to 122.64mg;the concentration 2.0mg/L NAA were suitable for the enlargement of 'Nove Cento' bulblets.
In the experiment of orthogonal design,the medium with 90g/Lsucrose、10mg/L PP_(333) and 0.025mmol/L SA was suitable for 'Acuba' bulblets enlargement;the medium with 90g/L sucrose、1mg/L PP_(333) and 0.1mmol/L SA was suitable for 'Nove Cento'.
AC had powerful effect on promoting leaf growth and rooting,and had powful effect on promoting bulblet enlargement.3g/L AC was suitable for bulblets culture of L. longiflorurn and L.lancifolium,and the fresh weight of them was 2～3 times to CK.
Me-JA had powerful effect on L.longiflorum,it made the fresh weight up to 110.77mg;but there was no notable difference on L.lancifolium.
The shallow liquid system was useful for the bulblets to absorbe the nutrition,so it was good for the diameter increasing.There was best fresh weight on the shallow liquid system for L.longiflorum and L.lancifolium,it came up to 161.62mg and 249.84mg respectively,and the percentage of large bulblets(dm＞8mm) was 48.53%and 54.05% respectively.This culture system could also shorten the time of bulblets culture to 60 days.
The liquid culture containing sucrose and AC simultaneity had more powerful effect on promoting leaf growth,rooting and bulblet enlargement than the effect of using sucrose or AC respectively.The medium with 60g/L sucrose and 3g/L AC showed the best effect to increasing the fresh weight of L.longiflorum bulblets,it came up to 627.32mg, and the percentage of bulblets(dm＞13mm)was up to 39.02%.The medium with 90g/L sucrose and 3g/L AC was suitable for the culture of L.lancifolium bulblets enlargement, the fresh weight of bulblets came up to 479.17mg,and the percentage of bulblets (dm＞13mm) was 10.25%.
3.The bulblets from the solid medium were classified to three grades on the basis of diameter A:＞8mm,B:5-8mm and C:3-5mm.The living rate of L.longiflorum and 'Nove Cento' were respectively 95.8%、81.9%、80.6%and 85.7%、68.3%、44.4%;After sowing, the living seedlings from bigger diameter became stronger.The bulblets from the liquid medium were classified to three grades on the basis of diameter D:＞12mm、E:9-12mm and F:7-9mm.The living rate of L.lancifolium in different grade were up all to 85%.The bulblets whose diameter up to 12mm grew best,and the diameter was over 7mm after planting for 60days.
引文
1.白淑霞,安忠氏,王静,冯学赞.不同培养方式对马铃薯试管苗生长与试管薯诱导的影响.中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):40-41
2.卜学贤,陈维伦.活性炭对培养基中生长调节物质的吸附作用.植物生理学报,1988,14(4):401
3.蔡宣梅,郑伟文,黄建华、刘建、庄志鸿.百合花丝组织培养试验.福建农业科技,2002,3:120-121
4.陈俊愉.中国花卉品种分类学.北京:中国林业出版社,2001:248-257
5.陈锐亮,杨振德.芦荟的组织培养和快速繁殖.广西园艺,2002,4(43):5-8
6.陈小兰,胡琼华,王红霞.金百合的离体快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):334
7.邓柳红.百合离体鳞茎形成的研究.华南热带农业大学硕士论文,2001
8.丁兰,刘国安,田卫东.新铁炮百合组织培养和快速繁殖研究.西北师范大学学报,2001,22(1):67-69
9.方少忠,蔡萱梅,林真,黄宇翔.CEPA、ABA和Me-JA对百合试管鳞茎形成的影响.江西农业学报,2005,17(1):31-33
10.傅立国,陈潭清,郎楷永,洪涛,林祁,李勇.中国高等植物.青岛:青岛出版社,2002,118-133
11.傅玉兰,何风群.影响百合试管鳞茎增殖因素的研究.安徽农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,28(2):179-181
12.甘立军,曾晓春,周燮.茉莉酸类与植物地下贮藏器官的形成.植物学通报,2001,18(5):546-553
13.谷瑞升,蒋湘宁,郭仲琛.植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(3):238-244
14.郭洪云,樊治成,傅连海.大蒜鳞茎形成生理研究进展.山东农业大学学报,1998,29(2):257-262
15.韩德元.植物生长调节剂--原理与应用.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1997:1,182-190,244-249
16.胡凤荣,席梦利,施季森.东方百合鳞茎快速增长的组培体系研究.分子植物育种,2006,4(6):882-886
17.胡云海,蒋光明.植物激素对微型薯形成影响.马铃薯杂志,1992,6(1):14-22
18.江如蓝.多效唑对观赏植物的生物学效应及其在植物组织培养上的应用.仲恺 农业技术学院学报,2000,13(1):50-57
19.柯昉,陈华,黄宇翔,李章汀.东方百合花器离体培养君快速繁殖研究.仲恺农业技术学院学报,2005,18(1):14-17
20.郎楷永.中国的百合.科技导报,2003,7(24):37-40
21.冷肖荀,王青华.百合的组织培养.北方园艺,1999,(6):59
22.李春香,杨军,王树才,夏凯,李式军,周燮.水杨酸在大蒜鳞茎膨大中的作用.园艺学报,2000,27(3):220-222
23.李春香,周燮.Me-JA对大蒜鳞茎膨大及内源激素含量的影响.生命科学研究,2002,6(2):183-185
24.李耿光,张兰英.麝香百合茎段组织培养快速繁殖.云南植物研究,1983,5(3):327-331
25.李景原,李大卫,毛健民.山丹的组织培养和再生鳞茎的形态解剖学研究.河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23(1):102-104
26.李俊明.植物组织培养教程(第2版).北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002:27,115
27.李曙轩,吕荣欣.光照、温度和种蒜大小对大蒜鳞茎形成的影响.植物生理学报,1965,2(4):303-311
28.李小川,赵美华.大蒜鳞芽生长点离体培养诱导小鳞茎的形成.山西农业科学,1996,24(3):59-60
29.廉美兰,朴炫春,孙丹.影响百合试管鳞茎诱导及膨大的几种因素.延边大学农学学报,2006,28(3):153-158
30.梁诗.多效唑对盆栽百合的矮化效应.福建农业科技,2002,(1):24
31.刘冬云,史宝胜,李银华,聂庆娟,张彦广.不同碳源及PP333、GA_3对山丹组培苗鳞茎增大的响.河北农业大学学报,2005,28(2):32-35
32.刘高琼,索长江.大蒜微繁技术研究现状与展望.中国蔬菜,1997,(1):50-53
33.刘建常,魏周兴.兰州百合鳞茎增重规律的探讨中国蔬菜,1994,(5):27-30
34.刘用生,李新峥,魏志华.活性炭与6-BA对苹果和梨新梢增殖的影响.河南职技师院学报,1997,(1):42-46
35.卢其能.龙牙百合的组织培养和快速繁殖研究.江西农业学报,2002,14(4):43-46
36.鲁雪华,陈杨春.忽地笑鳞片的组织培养和植株再生.植物学通报,1989,6(3):169
37.吕玉虎,李彬青,吴淑平,龚凤萍.百合的离体组织培养和快速繁殖.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2002,12(2):31-321
38.罗凤霞,徐桂华,金丽丽,孙晓梅,朱明.新铁炮百合微繁的研究.沈阳农业 大学报,2000,31(3):31-32
39.罗言云,贾勇炯.银杏茎段的组织培养及其植株再生.四川大学学报(自科版),2001,38(3):412-416
40.马惠,郭扶兴,周俊彦.百合叶片愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生.植物生理学通讯,1992,28(4):284-287
41.阮龙,陈义红,王钰.多效唑在草莓脱毒苗生根培养基上的应用.安徽农业科学,2002,30(3):420-420
42.宋占平.细胞分裂素对块茎形成的影响.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1992,28(1):55-60
43.孙晓梅,罗凤霞,王亚斌,董胜君,郭蕊.百合幼胚离体培养基的筛选.沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(1):22-26
44.谭文澄.观赏植物组织培养技术.北京:中国林业出版社,1998:73-136
45.王爱勤,何龙飞,温庆兰,林鉴钊.百合组培中鳞片处理及其颜色变化和鳞茎形成的关系.园艺学报,2004,31(1):179-119
46.王爱勤,周歧伟,何龙飞,许鸿源,杨美纯.百合试管结鳞茎的研究.广西农业大学学报,1998,17(1):71-75
47.王刚,杜捷,李桂英,梁万福,幸亨泰.兰州百合和野百合组织培养及快速繁殖研究.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(1):69-71
48.王红霞,胡琼华,陈小兰.通江百合的组织培养.植物生理学通讯,2000,36(2):132
49.王家福,陈振光.百合快速繁殖条件的优化.福建农业大学学报,2001,16(4):304-307
50.王敬驹,匡柏健,曾慧.提高甘蔗组织培养效率的研究.植物学通报,1983,1(2):17
51.席梦利,王节萍,章静娟,赵忠霞.多效唑在非洲菊组织培养中的应用.江苏农业科学,2000,3:55-56
52.夏宜平,高晓辰.试论百合等球根花卉的商品种球国产化问题.中国花卉科技进展.北京:中国农业出版社,2001,216-223
53.夏宜平,黄春辉,郑慧俊,高晓辰.百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展.园艺学报,2005,32(5):947-953
54.辛国斌,陈远达.马铃薯脱毒试管苗液体静置培养过程中玻璃化的预防及壮苗措施.中国马铃薯,2003,17(2):95-96
55.熊正琴,李式军,周燮,刘高琼,黄保健.茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸促进大蒜试管鳞茎的形成.园艺学报,1999,26(6):408-409
56.徐启江,杨守志,池玉春.分蘖洋葱试管鳞茎微繁技术研究.植物学通报,2003, 20(1):80-84
57.杨安中,张玲.油菜苗期喷施烯效唑的壮苗增产效应研究.安徽农学通报,1996,(3):17-19
58.杨彩梅,郎立新,唐仁敬,陈振举.PP333对唐菖蒲试管苗的调控效应.沈阳农业大学学报,1997,28(1):25-29
59.杨薇红,张延龙,童斌,杜蕙,杨蓉.亚洲百合花器官的组培快繁技术研究.中国农学通报,2004,20(5):193-195
60.余叔文,汤章城.植物生理与分子生物学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:514-528
61.袁芳亭,陈龙清.麝香百合的叶片离体培养及植株再生.湖北农业科学,2001,(3):50-51
62.曾宋君,程式君,张京丽,赵逢畔,黄向力.墨兰及其杂种的组织培养与快速繁殖.广西植物,1998,(2):46-49
63.斋藤隆.蔬菜园艺学.日本:农山渔村文化协会,1983:297-327
64.张恩和,胡恒觉.多效唑的作用机理及应用效果.世界农业,1996,(1):20-22
65.张文种.不同激素配比对麝香百合鳞茎芽诱导的影响.亚热带植物科学,2002,31(1):21-24
66.张延龙,梁建丽,牛立新.东方百合试管鳞茎膨大的研究.西北农林科技大学学报,2006,34(6):75-78
67.张延龙,徐炎,王洁纯,杨志娟.东方百合叶片组织培养研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):47-50
68.张志军,李会珍,姚宏亮,周伟军.多效唑对马铃薯试管苗生长和块茎的影响.浙江大学学报,2004,30(3):318-322
69.赵祥云,程谦,刑尤美,谢丽萍,贾学文.百合珠芽组培及脱毒研究.园艺学报,1993,20(3):284-288
70.赵彦杰.水杨酸对郁金香试管微鳞茎形成和生长的影响.安徽农业科学,2005,33(9):1629-1662
71.庄志鸿,刘建.百合鳞片试管结鳞茎的研究.福建农业科技,2002(2):26
72.庄志鸿,刘建.试管内形成东方百合鳞茎的组织培养.植物生理学通讯,2002,38(2):14
73.Anushri V,Vibha D.A protocol for in vitro mass propagation of asitatic hybrids of Lily through liquid stationary culture.In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,2000,36:383-391
74.Bach A.Effect of AC on in vitro propagation of Irisx Houandica.Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science.Biological Science,1988,36(4-6):107
75.E K Kim,E J hahn,H N Murthy,K Y Paek.High frequence of shoot multiplication and bulblet formation of galic in liquid cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2003,73:231-236
76. Fridborg G, M Pedersen, L E Landstrom, and T Eriksson. The effect of activated charcoal on tissue culture: adsorbtion of metabolites inhibiting morphogenesis. Physiol Plant, 1978,43:104-106
77. Gerrits M, Miller W B, Lilien-Kipnis H, Kolloffel C, DeKlerk, Croes A. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro(Proc 7th Int Symp Flower Bulbs). Acta Hortic, 1996,430: 267-273
78. Haruki K, Yamada K, Hosoki T, Ohta K. Effects of sugar and temperature on the growth of miniature bulbs of Lilium japonicum Thunb, cultured on a rotary shaker. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1996,65 (2): 363-371
79. Joung H Y, Kim J Y, Shin H K, Cho H R. The formation and growth of bulblets from bulblet sections with swollen basal plate in Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 2001, 40 (6): 747-750
80. Kawagishi K, Miura T. Changes in nutrient content of spring-planted edible lily. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1996, 65 (2): 339-347
81. Koda Y, Takahashi K, Kiduta Y. Potato tuber-inducing activities of salicylic acid andrelated compounds. J Plant Growth Regul, 1992,11:215-219
82. Koda Y. Possible involvement of jasmonats in various morphogenic events. Physiol Plant, 1997, 100: 639-646
83. Kumar S, Sharma D R, Sharma Y D, Pathania N S. In vitro propagation of asiatic hybrid lily from bulb scales. Indian J ag Sci, 2001, 71: 463-465
84. Langens Gerrits M, Lilien-Kipnis H, Croes T, Miller W, Kolloffel C, De Klerk GJ. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro. Acta Hort, 1997,430: 267-273
85. Lim S, Seon J H, Son S H, Han B H, Paek K Y. Effect of light, inorganic salts and growth retardants on bulblet formation in Lilium. J korean Soc hort Sci, 1998, 39: 107-110
86. M M Slabbert, J G Niederwieser. In vitro bulblet production of Lachenalia. Plant Cell Reports, 1999, 18:620-624
87. Maesato K, Sharada K, Fukui H, Hara,T, Sarma K S. In vitro bulblet regeneration from bulbscale explants of Lilium japonicum Thunb. Effect of plant growth regulators and culture environment. J hort Sci, 1994, 69: 289-297
88. Marinangeli P, Curvetto N. Bulb quality and traumatic acid influence bulblet formation from scaling in Lilium species and hybrids. HortScience, 1997, 32 (4): 739-741
89. Marinengeli P, Curvetto N. Increased sucrose and salt concentration in culture medium improved growth of micropropagated Lilium bulblets. Biocell, 1997,21: 161-164
90. Matsuo E, Ohkurano T, Arisumi K, Sakata T. Scale bulblet malformations seen in Lilium longiflorum during scale propagation. Hort Science, 1986,21:150
91. Matsuo T, Mizuno T. Changes in the amounts of two kinds of reserve glucose-containing polysaccharides during germination of the easter lily bulb. Plant Cell Physiol, 1974,15: 555-558
92. Miller W, Kolloffel C, G J deklerk. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro. Acta Hort, 1997,430: 267-273
93. Nhut D T, Le B V, Van T T. Manipulation of the morphogenetic pathways of Lilium longiflorum transverse thin cell layer explants by auxin and cytokinin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 2001, 37:44-49
94. Nhut D T. Micropropagation of lily (Lilium longiflorum) via in vitro stem node and pseudo-bulblet culture. Plant Cell Rep, 1998,17: 913-916
95. Niimi Y, Misaki Y, NakanoM. Production of commercial bulbs of L ilium rubellum baker: Changes in carbohydrates in bulblets and sugars of liquid medium during their culture. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2000, 69 (2): 161-165
96. Niimi Y, NakanoM, Saito S. Production of commercial L ilium rubellum baker bulbs: effects of volume and renewal of liquid medium on in vitro growth, bulb rot infection during cold treatment, and post-in-vitro growth of bulblets. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1997, 66 (1): 113-119
97. Niimi Y, Onozawa T. In vitro bulblet formation from leaf segments of lilies, specially Lilium rubellum Baker. Sci Hort, 1979,11: 379-389
98. Niimi Y. Factors affecting the regeneration and growth of bulblets in bulb-scale cultures of Lilium rubellum Baker. J Jpn Sci Horticult Sci, 1985, 54: 82-86
99. Niimi Y. In vitro propagation and post in vitro establishment of bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb. J jap Soc hort Sci, 1995, 63: 843-852
100.Qrunfleh IM. Propagation of easter lily(L ilium longiflorum Thunb.)'White American'by scaly leaves. Amman, 1997. 44p
101.Rossum M V, Klerk G D, Plas L V. Adventitious regeneration from tulip, lily and apple explants at different oxygen levels. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998,153 (1): 141-145
102.S Kumer, M kashyap, D R Sharma. In vtro regeneration and bulblet growth from lily bubscale explants as effected by reardants,sucrose and irradiance. Biologia Plantarum, 1995,49(4): 629-632
103.Steinitz B, Yahel H. In vitro propagation of Narcissus tazetta. Hort Sci, 1982, 17: 333-334
104.Stimart D P, Ascher P D. Developmental responses of Lilium longiflorum bulblets to constant or alternating temperatures in vitro. J Am Soc Horticult Sci, 1981,106: 450-454
105.Takayama S, Misawa M. Differentiation in Lilium bulbscales grown in vitro. Effect of various cultural conditions. Physiol Plant, 1979,46: 184-190
106.Tanaka A, Hoshi Y, Konodo K, Taniguchi K.Induction and rapid propagation of shoot primordia from shoot apices of Lilium japonicum. Plant Tissue Cult, 1991, 8: 206-208
107.Tanimoto S, Matsubara Y. Stimulating effect of spermine on bulblet formation in bulb-scale segments of L ilium longijlorum. Plant Cell Reports, 1995,15 (3): 297-300
108.Wang Y T, Gregg L L. Developmental stage, light, and foliage removal affect flowering and bulb weight of easter lily. HortScience, 1992,27 (7): 824-826
109.Yamagishi M. Effects of cold treatment, BA and GA3 on enlargement and leaf emergence cultured bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb. J Jpn Sci Horticult Sci, 1995, 64, 367-373
110.Yamagishi M. Effects of culture temperature on the enlargement sugar uptake, starch accumulation, and respiration of in vitro bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb.Scientia Horticulture, 1998, 73: 239-247
2.卜学贤,陈维伦.活性炭对培养基中生长调节物质的吸附作用.植物生理学报,1988,14(4):401
3.蔡宣梅,郑伟文,黄建华、刘建、庄志鸿.百合花丝组织培养试验.福建农业科技,2002,3:120-121
4.陈俊愉.中国花卉品种分类学.北京:中国林业出版社,2001:248-257
5.陈锐亮,杨振德.芦荟的组织培养和快速繁殖.广西园艺,2002,4(43):5-8
6.陈小兰,胡琼华,王红霞.金百合的离体快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):334
7.邓柳红.百合离体鳞茎形成的研究.华南热带农业大学硕士论文,2001
8.丁兰,刘国安,田卫东.新铁炮百合组织培养和快速繁殖研究.西北师范大学学报,2001,22(1):67-69
9.方少忠,蔡萱梅,林真,黄宇翔.CEPA、ABA和Me-JA对百合试管鳞茎形成的影响.江西农业学报,2005,17(1):31-33
10.傅立国,陈潭清,郎楷永,洪涛,林祁,李勇.中国高等植物.青岛:青岛出版社,2002,118-133
11.傅玉兰,何风群.影响百合试管鳞茎增殖因素的研究.安徽农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,28(2):179-181
12.甘立军,曾晓春,周燮.茉莉酸类与植物地下贮藏器官的形成.植物学通报,2001,18(5):546-553
13.谷瑞升,蒋湘宁,郭仲琛.植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(3):238-244
14.郭洪云,樊治成,傅连海.大蒜鳞茎形成生理研究进展.山东农业大学学报,1998,29(2):257-262
15.韩德元.植物生长调节剂--原理与应用.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1997:1,182-190,244-249
16.胡凤荣,席梦利,施季森.东方百合鳞茎快速增长的组培体系研究.分子植物育种,2006,4(6):882-886
17.胡云海,蒋光明.植物激素对微型薯形成影响.马铃薯杂志,1992,6(1):14-22
18.江如蓝.多效唑对观赏植物的生物学效应及其在植物组织培养上的应用.仲恺 农业技术学院学报,2000,13(1):50-57
19.柯昉,陈华,黄宇翔,李章汀.东方百合花器离体培养君快速繁殖研究.仲恺农业技术学院学报,2005,18(1):14-17
20.郎楷永.中国的百合.科技导报,2003,7(24):37-40
21.冷肖荀,王青华.百合的组织培养.北方园艺,1999,(6):59
22.李春香,杨军,王树才,夏凯,李式军,周燮.水杨酸在大蒜鳞茎膨大中的作用.园艺学报,2000,27(3):220-222
23.李春香,周燮.Me-JA对大蒜鳞茎膨大及内源激素含量的影响.生命科学研究,2002,6(2):183-185
24.李耿光,张兰英.麝香百合茎段组织培养快速繁殖.云南植物研究,1983,5(3):327-331
25.李景原,李大卫,毛健民.山丹的组织培养和再生鳞茎的形态解剖学研究.河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23(1):102-104
26.李俊明.植物组织培养教程(第2版).北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002:27,115
27.李曙轩,吕荣欣.光照、温度和种蒜大小对大蒜鳞茎形成的影响.植物生理学报,1965,2(4):303-311
28.李小川,赵美华.大蒜鳞芽生长点离体培养诱导小鳞茎的形成.山西农业科学,1996,24(3):59-60
29.廉美兰,朴炫春,孙丹.影响百合试管鳞茎诱导及膨大的几种因素.延边大学农学学报,2006,28(3):153-158
30.梁诗.多效唑对盆栽百合的矮化效应.福建农业科技,2002,(1):24
31.刘冬云,史宝胜,李银华,聂庆娟,张彦广.不同碳源及PP333、GA_3对山丹组培苗鳞茎增大的响.河北农业大学学报,2005,28(2):32-35
32.刘高琼,索长江.大蒜微繁技术研究现状与展望.中国蔬菜,1997,(1):50-53
33.刘建常,魏周兴.兰州百合鳞茎增重规律的探讨中国蔬菜,1994,(5):27-30
34.刘用生,李新峥,魏志华.活性炭与6-BA对苹果和梨新梢增殖的影响.河南职技师院学报,1997,(1):42-46
35.卢其能.龙牙百合的组织培养和快速繁殖研究.江西农业学报,2002,14(4):43-46
36.鲁雪华,陈杨春.忽地笑鳞片的组织培养和植株再生.植物学通报,1989,6(3):169
37.吕玉虎,李彬青,吴淑平,龚凤萍.百合的离体组织培养和快速繁殖.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2002,12(2):31-321
38.罗凤霞,徐桂华,金丽丽,孙晓梅,朱明.新铁炮百合微繁的研究.沈阳农业 大学报,2000,31(3):31-32
39.罗言云,贾勇炯.银杏茎段的组织培养及其植株再生.四川大学学报(自科版),2001,38(3):412-416
40.马惠,郭扶兴,周俊彦.百合叶片愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生.植物生理学通讯,1992,28(4):284-287
41.阮龙,陈义红,王钰.多效唑在草莓脱毒苗生根培养基上的应用.安徽农业科学,2002,30(3):420-420
42.宋占平.细胞分裂素对块茎形成的影响.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1992,28(1):55-60
43.孙晓梅,罗凤霞,王亚斌,董胜君,郭蕊.百合幼胚离体培养基的筛选.沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(1):22-26
44.谭文澄.观赏植物组织培养技术.北京:中国林业出版社,1998:73-136
45.王爱勤,何龙飞,温庆兰,林鉴钊.百合组培中鳞片处理及其颜色变化和鳞茎形成的关系.园艺学报,2004,31(1):179-119
46.王爱勤,周歧伟,何龙飞,许鸿源,杨美纯.百合试管结鳞茎的研究.广西农业大学学报,1998,17(1):71-75
47.王刚,杜捷,李桂英,梁万福,幸亨泰.兰州百合和野百合组织培养及快速繁殖研究.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(1):69-71
48.王红霞,胡琼华,陈小兰.通江百合的组织培养.植物生理学通讯,2000,36(2):132
49.王家福,陈振光.百合快速繁殖条件的优化.福建农业大学学报,2001,16(4):304-307
50.王敬驹,匡柏健,曾慧.提高甘蔗组织培养效率的研究.植物学通报,1983,1(2):17
51.席梦利,王节萍,章静娟,赵忠霞.多效唑在非洲菊组织培养中的应用.江苏农业科学,2000,3:55-56
52.夏宜平,高晓辰.试论百合等球根花卉的商品种球国产化问题.中国花卉科技进展.北京:中国农业出版社,2001,216-223
53.夏宜平,黄春辉,郑慧俊,高晓辰.百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展.园艺学报,2005,32(5):947-953
54.辛国斌,陈远达.马铃薯脱毒试管苗液体静置培养过程中玻璃化的预防及壮苗措施.中国马铃薯,2003,17(2):95-96
55.熊正琴,李式军,周燮,刘高琼,黄保健.茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸促进大蒜试管鳞茎的形成.园艺学报,1999,26(6):408-409
56.徐启江,杨守志,池玉春.分蘖洋葱试管鳞茎微繁技术研究.植物学通报,2003, 20(1):80-84
57.杨安中,张玲.油菜苗期喷施烯效唑的壮苗增产效应研究.安徽农学通报,1996,(3):17-19
58.杨彩梅,郎立新,唐仁敬,陈振举.PP333对唐菖蒲试管苗的调控效应.沈阳农业大学学报,1997,28(1):25-29
59.杨薇红,张延龙,童斌,杜蕙,杨蓉.亚洲百合花器官的组培快繁技术研究.中国农学通报,2004,20(5):193-195
60.余叔文,汤章城.植物生理与分子生物学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:514-528
61.袁芳亭,陈龙清.麝香百合的叶片离体培养及植株再生.湖北农业科学,2001,(3):50-51
62.曾宋君,程式君,张京丽,赵逢畔,黄向力.墨兰及其杂种的组织培养与快速繁殖.广西植物,1998,(2):46-49
63.斋藤隆.蔬菜园艺学.日本:农山渔村文化协会,1983:297-327
64.张恩和,胡恒觉.多效唑的作用机理及应用效果.世界农业,1996,(1):20-22
65.张文种.不同激素配比对麝香百合鳞茎芽诱导的影响.亚热带植物科学,2002,31(1):21-24
66.张延龙,梁建丽,牛立新.东方百合试管鳞茎膨大的研究.西北农林科技大学学报,2006,34(6):75-78
67.张延龙,徐炎,王洁纯,杨志娟.东方百合叶片组织培养研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):47-50
68.张志军,李会珍,姚宏亮,周伟军.多效唑对马铃薯试管苗生长和块茎的影响.浙江大学学报,2004,30(3):318-322
69.赵祥云,程谦,刑尤美,谢丽萍,贾学文.百合珠芽组培及脱毒研究.园艺学报,1993,20(3):284-288
70.赵彦杰.水杨酸对郁金香试管微鳞茎形成和生长的影响.安徽农业科学,2005,33(9):1629-1662
71.庄志鸿,刘建.百合鳞片试管结鳞茎的研究.福建农业科技,2002(2):26
72.庄志鸿,刘建.试管内形成东方百合鳞茎的组织培养.植物生理学通讯,2002,38(2):14
73.Anushri V,Vibha D.A protocol for in vitro mass propagation of asitatic hybrids of Lily through liquid stationary culture.In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,2000,36:383-391
74.Bach A.Effect of AC on in vitro propagation of Irisx Houandica.Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science.Biological Science,1988,36(4-6):107
75.E K Kim,E J hahn,H N Murthy,K Y Paek.High frequence of shoot multiplication and bulblet formation of galic in liquid cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2003,73:231-236
76. Fridborg G, M Pedersen, L E Landstrom, and T Eriksson. The effect of activated charcoal on tissue culture: adsorbtion of metabolites inhibiting morphogenesis. Physiol Plant, 1978,43:104-106
77. Gerrits M, Miller W B, Lilien-Kipnis H, Kolloffel C, DeKlerk, Croes A. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro(Proc 7th Int Symp Flower Bulbs). Acta Hortic, 1996,430: 267-273
78. Haruki K, Yamada K, Hosoki T, Ohta K. Effects of sugar and temperature on the growth of miniature bulbs of Lilium japonicum Thunb, cultured on a rotary shaker. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1996,65 (2): 363-371
79. Joung H Y, Kim J Y, Shin H K, Cho H R. The formation and growth of bulblets from bulblet sections with swollen basal plate in Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 2001, 40 (6): 747-750
80. Kawagishi K, Miura T. Changes in nutrient content of spring-planted edible lily. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1996, 65 (2): 339-347
81. Koda Y, Takahashi K, Kiduta Y. Potato tuber-inducing activities of salicylic acid andrelated compounds. J Plant Growth Regul, 1992,11:215-219
82. Koda Y. Possible involvement of jasmonats in various morphogenic events. Physiol Plant, 1997, 100: 639-646
83. Kumar S, Sharma D R, Sharma Y D, Pathania N S. In vitro propagation of asiatic hybrid lily from bulb scales. Indian J ag Sci, 2001, 71: 463-465
84. Langens Gerrits M, Lilien-Kipnis H, Croes T, Miller W, Kolloffel C, De Klerk GJ. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro. Acta Hort, 1997,430: 267-273
85. Lim S, Seon J H, Son S H, Han B H, Paek K Y. Effect of light, inorganic salts and growth retardants on bulblet formation in Lilium. J korean Soc hort Sci, 1998, 39: 107-110
86. M M Slabbert, J G Niederwieser. In vitro bulblet production of Lachenalia. Plant Cell Reports, 1999, 18:620-624
87. Maesato K, Sharada K, Fukui H, Hara,T, Sarma K S. In vitro bulblet regeneration from bulbscale explants of Lilium japonicum Thunb. Effect of plant growth regulators and culture environment. J hort Sci, 1994, 69: 289-297
88. Marinangeli P, Curvetto N. Bulb quality and traumatic acid influence bulblet formation from scaling in Lilium species and hybrids. HortScience, 1997, 32 (4): 739-741
89. Marinengeli P, Curvetto N. Increased sucrose and salt concentration in culture medium improved growth of micropropagated Lilium bulblets. Biocell, 1997,21: 161-164
90. Matsuo E, Ohkurano T, Arisumi K, Sakata T. Scale bulblet malformations seen in Lilium longiflorum during scale propagation. Hort Science, 1986,21:150
91. Matsuo T, Mizuno T. Changes in the amounts of two kinds of reserve glucose-containing polysaccharides during germination of the easter lily bulb. Plant Cell Physiol, 1974,15: 555-558
92. Miller W, Kolloffel C, G J deklerk. Bulb growth in lily regenerated in vitro. Acta Hort, 1997,430: 267-273
93. Nhut D T, Le B V, Van T T. Manipulation of the morphogenetic pathways of Lilium longiflorum transverse thin cell layer explants by auxin and cytokinin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 2001, 37:44-49
94. Nhut D T. Micropropagation of lily (Lilium longiflorum) via in vitro stem node and pseudo-bulblet culture. Plant Cell Rep, 1998,17: 913-916
95. Niimi Y, Misaki Y, NakanoM. Production of commercial bulbs of L ilium rubellum baker: Changes in carbohydrates in bulblets and sugars of liquid medium during their culture. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2000, 69 (2): 161-165
96. Niimi Y, NakanoM, Saito S. Production of commercial L ilium rubellum baker bulbs: effects of volume and renewal of liquid medium on in vitro growth, bulb rot infection during cold treatment, and post-in-vitro growth of bulblets. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1997, 66 (1): 113-119
97. Niimi Y, Onozawa T. In vitro bulblet formation from leaf segments of lilies, specially Lilium rubellum Baker. Sci Hort, 1979,11: 379-389
98. Niimi Y. Factors affecting the regeneration and growth of bulblets in bulb-scale cultures of Lilium rubellum Baker. J Jpn Sci Horticult Sci, 1985, 54: 82-86
99. Niimi Y. In vitro propagation and post in vitro establishment of bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb. J jap Soc hort Sci, 1995, 63: 843-852
100.Qrunfleh IM. Propagation of easter lily(L ilium longiflorum Thunb.)'White American'by scaly leaves. Amman, 1997. 44p
101.Rossum M V, Klerk G D, Plas L V. Adventitious regeneration from tulip, lily and apple explants at different oxygen levels. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998,153 (1): 141-145
102.S Kumer, M kashyap, D R Sharma. In vtro regeneration and bulblet growth from lily bubscale explants as effected by reardants,sucrose and irradiance. Biologia Plantarum, 1995,49(4): 629-632
103.Steinitz B, Yahel H. In vitro propagation of Narcissus tazetta. Hort Sci, 1982, 17: 333-334
104.Stimart D P, Ascher P D. Developmental responses of Lilium longiflorum bulblets to constant or alternating temperatures in vitro. J Am Soc Horticult Sci, 1981,106: 450-454
105.Takayama S, Misawa M. Differentiation in Lilium bulbscales grown in vitro. Effect of various cultural conditions. Physiol Plant, 1979,46: 184-190
106.Tanaka A, Hoshi Y, Konodo K, Taniguchi K.Induction and rapid propagation of shoot primordia from shoot apices of Lilium japonicum. Plant Tissue Cult, 1991, 8: 206-208
107.Tanimoto S, Matsubara Y. Stimulating effect of spermine on bulblet formation in bulb-scale segments of L ilium longijlorum. Plant Cell Reports, 1995,15 (3): 297-300
108.Wang Y T, Gregg L L. Developmental stage, light, and foliage removal affect flowering and bulb weight of easter lily. HortScience, 1992,27 (7): 824-826
109.Yamagishi M. Effects of cold treatment, BA and GA3 on enlargement and leaf emergence cultured bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb. J Jpn Sci Horticult Sci, 1995, 64, 367-373
110.Yamagishi M. Effects of culture temperature on the enlargement sugar uptake, starch accumulation, and respiration of in vitro bulblets of Lilium japonicum Thunb.Scientia Horticulture, 1998, 73: 239-247