连续造斜绳索取心钻具设计理论研究及研制
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摘要
地质钻探的目的是为了通过采取岩样、水样来获取矿体形态、产状、埋深、品位、储量以及围岩性质、水文地质资料等。为了达到不同的目的,有的可采用垂直钻孔,而有的更适宜采用受控定向孔。然而在国内的地质钻探行业,由于没有专门的定向钻进造斜段取心钻具,定向钻进造斜段基本采用不取心或者通过特殊钻头获取小岩芯的钻进方式。论文选择“连续造斜绳索取心钻具设计理论研究及研制”,具有很强的创新性和实用价值。
首先,文章在众多学者研究的基础上,作者选择纵横弯曲梁理论进行连续造斜绳索取心钻具的井底力学分析,并介绍了三种钻具造斜能力的预测方法。在钻具的生产试验中,通过现场实测数据,证明了纵横弯曲梁理论计算连续造斜绳索取心钻具造斜能力的可行性,拓展了纵横弯曲理论的使用范围;
其次,在连续造斜绳索取心的整体设计中,作者通过理论分析确定了该钻具的造斜能力不超过0.5°/m,钻具总长4-6m。并通过分析认为整个钻具应包括绳索取心系统、连续造斜系统、分离和卡固系统、井底测量系统四大组成部分。在随后的章节里,作者进一步分析了绳索取心系统对造斜井段的适宜性及提高岩心收获率的措施、连续造斜系统的结构等关键技术问题。并在国内首次明确了环状小空间设计连续造斜机构的可行性,提出了具有创新性的环状薄壁偏心造斜机构,认为偏心机构的偏心量1.5mm时,即可以满足连续造斜绳索取心钻具的造斜能力要求。同时,为保证井底造斜的可靠性,作者还提出了使用橡胶材料的连续造斜绳索取心钻具的井底卡固机构,这在国内地质取心钻具的设计中尚属首次;
第三,作者将造斜机构分为带卡固块的造斜机构和无卡固块的造斜机构两类,并通过室内试验,得到带单一卡固块的造斜机构,要保证达到顺利切削孔壁的侧向切削力,钻具内液体的工作压力不小于5MPa,得出在钻具设计中不选用单一卡固块式的造斜机构的结论;作者通过生产试验证明设计的连续造斜绳索取心钻具结构合理,操作方便,性能可靠;钻具使用过程中通过更换不同的偏心套来改变钻具的最大造斜强度,根据井身设计情况,实际使用的造斜强度可以在0到最大造斜率之间选择。
The purpose of geological exploration is to acquire mineral shape, occurrence, cover depth, reserves and host rocks property through the sample of rock and water. In order to achieve different purposes, some adopts vertical hole, and the others adopts controllable directional hole are better. However, in the domestic geological drilling industry, it only use full-scale drilling or special bit to acquire small size core due to lack of specific drilling tool for the build-rate part of direction hole. The thesis choose“analysis of design theory research and manufacture of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tools assembly”has strong innovative and value.
Firstly, the thesis is based on the research of many scholars, the author choose beam theory to analyze down-hole mechanics of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool, and introduced 2 methods to forecast deflecting ability of this tool assembly. In the field test of drilling tool, the results show the feasibility of calculating deflecting rate.
Secondly, in the whole design of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool assembly, the author confirmed the defecting ability of this drilling tool is not over 0.5°/m, the total length of drilling tool is 4-6m. And the whole drilling includes 4 parts: wire-line coring system, continuous deflecting system, opening and locking system, down-hole measurement system. In the following chapters, the author further analyzed the key technology problems ,such as the feasibility of using wire-line coring in deflecting hole、the methods to improve the recovery of coring rate and the construction of continuous deflecting system. The author fist confirms the possibility of continuous deflecting set design in small ring space in China, and raised an innovative thin eccentric set. When the eccentric value is 1.5mm, it satisfied the deflecting requirements for this tool. In order to guarantee the reliability of build rate, the author suggest use rubber tube as locking set, it is also the first time in geological drilling industry of China.
Thirdly, There are two types of the deflecting set: with locking block and without locking block. The experiment shows that pressure in tool is not less than 5MPa, if we want to cut hole wall effectively. So, it is concluded that single-locking-block set can not be chose in design. The field test proved the continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool with reasonable construction、easy operation and credible performance. The maximum deflecting rate can be changed by different eccentric house. According to the design of drilling hole, the deflecting rate can be chose between 0 to maximum.
首先,文章在众多学者研究的基础上,作者选择纵横弯曲梁理论进行连续造斜绳索取心钻具的井底力学分析,并介绍了三种钻具造斜能力的预测方法。在钻具的生产试验中,通过现场实测数据,证明了纵横弯曲梁理论计算连续造斜绳索取心钻具造斜能力的可行性,拓展了纵横弯曲理论的使用范围;
其次,在连续造斜绳索取心的整体设计中,作者通过理论分析确定了该钻具的造斜能力不超过0.5°/m,钻具总长4-6m。并通过分析认为整个钻具应包括绳索取心系统、连续造斜系统、分离和卡固系统、井底测量系统四大组成部分。在随后的章节里,作者进一步分析了绳索取心系统对造斜井段的适宜性及提高岩心收获率的措施、连续造斜系统的结构等关键技术问题。并在国内首次明确了环状小空间设计连续造斜机构的可行性,提出了具有创新性的环状薄壁偏心造斜机构,认为偏心机构的偏心量1.5mm时,即可以满足连续造斜绳索取心钻具的造斜能力要求。同时,为保证井底造斜的可靠性,作者还提出了使用橡胶材料的连续造斜绳索取心钻具的井底卡固机构,这在国内地质取心钻具的设计中尚属首次;
第三,作者将造斜机构分为带卡固块的造斜机构和无卡固块的造斜机构两类,并通过室内试验,得到带单一卡固块的造斜机构,要保证达到顺利切削孔壁的侧向切削力,钻具内液体的工作压力不小于5MPa,得出在钻具设计中不选用单一卡固块式的造斜机构的结论;作者通过生产试验证明设计的连续造斜绳索取心钻具结构合理,操作方便,性能可靠;钻具使用过程中通过更换不同的偏心套来改变钻具的最大造斜强度,根据井身设计情况,实际使用的造斜强度可以在0到最大造斜率之间选择。
The purpose of geological exploration is to acquire mineral shape, occurrence, cover depth, reserves and host rocks property through the sample of rock and water. In order to achieve different purposes, some adopts vertical hole, and the others adopts controllable directional hole are better. However, in the domestic geological drilling industry, it only use full-scale drilling or special bit to acquire small size core due to lack of specific drilling tool for the build-rate part of direction hole. The thesis choose“analysis of design theory research and manufacture of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tools assembly”has strong innovative and value.
Firstly, the thesis is based on the research of many scholars, the author choose beam theory to analyze down-hole mechanics of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool, and introduced 2 methods to forecast deflecting ability of this tool assembly. In the field test of drilling tool, the results show the feasibility of calculating deflecting rate.
Secondly, in the whole design of continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool assembly, the author confirmed the defecting ability of this drilling tool is not over 0.5°/m, the total length of drilling tool is 4-6m. And the whole drilling includes 4 parts: wire-line coring system, continuous deflecting system, opening and locking system, down-hole measurement system. In the following chapters, the author further analyzed the key technology problems ,such as the feasibility of using wire-line coring in deflecting hole、the methods to improve the recovery of coring rate and the construction of continuous deflecting system. The author fist confirms the possibility of continuous deflecting set design in small ring space in China, and raised an innovative thin eccentric set. When the eccentric value is 1.5mm, it satisfied the deflecting requirements for this tool. In order to guarantee the reliability of build rate, the author suggest use rubber tube as locking set, it is also the first time in geological drilling industry of China.
Thirdly, There are two types of the deflecting set: with locking block and without locking block. The experiment shows that pressure in tool is not less than 5MPa, if we want to cut hole wall effectively. So, it is concluded that single-locking-block set can not be chose in design. The field test proved the continuous deflecting wire-line coring tool with reasonable construction、easy operation and credible performance. The maximum deflecting rate can be changed by different eccentric house. According to the design of drilling hole, the deflecting rate can be chose between 0 to maximum.
引文
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