松散软及破碎地层绳索取心钻具的研制
|
摘要
绳索取心钻进方法以其独特的优越性被广泛应用于勘察钻探取样的多个领域,多年来取得了很好的社会和经济效益。但随着勘察钻探领域的不断扩大,取心地层的复杂多变,传统的绳索取心钻具只能保证在较坚硬和岩性较好的地层中钻进时获得高岩心采取率,而对于松散软及破碎地层却很难达到取心的要求,甚至不能采取岩心。虽然配合半合管、三层管和超前管使用,能够改善其取心效果,但并不能根本解决松散软及破碎地层取心的难题。究其根本原因,在于其卡心装置难以将进入岩心内管的岩心完好地封堵起来,在提钻的过程中往往出现严重的丢心现象,致使采取率大打折扣。
本文针对湖泊相松散软地层科学钻探取样和汶川地震断裂带科学钻探取样两个亟待解决的科钻取样难题,结合传统S系列绳索取心钻具和压卡式取心钻具的工作原理,吸纳其各自的优点,融合进新的机构形式,研制出一套能够在松散软及破碎地层获得符合科学钻探取心要求的新型绳索取心钻具。
S系列绳索取心钻具是固体矿产地质勘探中主要的取心工具,其机构形式和钻进工艺已十分成熟,在较坚硬和岩性较好的地层中能够达到很好的取心效果,但其卡心机构不适应于松散软及破碎地层,如果将其卡簧式卡心装置替换成压卡式的岩心爪卡心形式,将会很大程度上提高其对复杂地层的适应性。投球压卡式绳索取心钻具将岩心爪引入绳索取心钻具代替传统的卡簧式卡心方法,实现投球压卡卡取岩心;以球悬挂机构代替传统绳索取心机构中的弹卡定位机构,实现球悬挂和定位双重作用;同时融入半合管或塑料三层衬管,以减小岩心进入内管时的摩擦力,防止岩心堵塞事故发生,便于提出地面后对岩心进行分样和运输保存。
投球压卡式绳索取心钻具的研制成功将从根本上解决松散软及破碎地层中的取心难题。实现投球压卡绳索取心,既满足松散软及破碎地层中科学钻探的取心要求,又能保证其取心钻进的工作效率和经济效益。
Wire-line coring into the superiority of its unique method is widely used in investigation sampling of more than the area of drilling, and it has achieved good social and economic benefits over the years. However, with the drilling area of investigation continues to expand, the complex and changeable layer, traditional Wire-line coring drill only to ensure better than hard and lithology of the formation when drilling, and gets the high core recovery. As for the broken loose and soft strata, it is difficult to achieve the requirements, and can not even take core. Although combined with a half pipe, three tubes and the lead pipe to improve the effectiveness of its core, but it does not fundamentally solve the coring problems in loose soft and broken strata. If we try to identify the root causes, we can see that it is difficult to plug the core well which enters the inner tube. In the process of hoisting rope, it is often to lose the core seriously, resulting in greatly reduced rate to take.
In this paper, the two samples—lakes with soft loose strata sampling and Scientific Drilling and Wenchuan earthquake fault zone—which needs to solve the problem of taking core. Combining with the working principle of the traditional S series of Wire-line coring rig and pressure clip coring rig, and the benefits of their integration into the new institutional forms, we will develop a set of new Wire-line coring drill which was in line with the requirements of scientific drilling in the broken loose and soft strata.
S series of Wire-line coring drill is the major coring tool in the geological exploration of solid minerals, and its body into the form and process has been very mature. It is able to achieve very good results from hard and lithology in a formation better, but it isn’t suitable for the clip heart body in the loose and soft strata. If we change the spring heart clip devices into the pressure heart claw clip devices, it will largely enhance their adaptability to complex formation. The bell pressure of Wire-line coring drill takes the core claw to the traditional Wire-line coring drill. It replaces the traditional methods of spring heart clip style, and takes the core of rock with ball suspension pressure coring. To replace the spring clip positioning mechanism in traditional hoisting rope core, hoisting and positioning to achieve the dual role. At the same time we use half-pipe or plastic three-liner tubes to reduce the friction when the core taken into the inner tube and to prevent the accident of core plug. Then it is easy to separate samples and core preservation and transportation after raised out of the ground.
If the bell pressure of Wire-line coring drill is manufactured successfully, it will be a fundamental solution of taking the core in the broken loose and soft strata. The realization of ball pressure Wire-line coring not only meet the requirements of the scientific coring drilling demand in the broken loose and soft strata, but also ensures the efficiency and economic benefits of core drilling.
本文针对湖泊相松散软地层科学钻探取样和汶川地震断裂带科学钻探取样两个亟待解决的科钻取样难题,结合传统S系列绳索取心钻具和压卡式取心钻具的工作原理,吸纳其各自的优点,融合进新的机构形式,研制出一套能够在松散软及破碎地层获得符合科学钻探取心要求的新型绳索取心钻具。
S系列绳索取心钻具是固体矿产地质勘探中主要的取心工具,其机构形式和钻进工艺已十分成熟,在较坚硬和岩性较好的地层中能够达到很好的取心效果,但其卡心机构不适应于松散软及破碎地层,如果将其卡簧式卡心装置替换成压卡式的岩心爪卡心形式,将会很大程度上提高其对复杂地层的适应性。投球压卡式绳索取心钻具将岩心爪引入绳索取心钻具代替传统的卡簧式卡心方法,实现投球压卡卡取岩心;以球悬挂机构代替传统绳索取心机构中的弹卡定位机构,实现球悬挂和定位双重作用;同时融入半合管或塑料三层衬管,以减小岩心进入内管时的摩擦力,防止岩心堵塞事故发生,便于提出地面后对岩心进行分样和运输保存。
投球压卡式绳索取心钻具的研制成功将从根本上解决松散软及破碎地层中的取心难题。实现投球压卡绳索取心,既满足松散软及破碎地层中科学钻探的取心要求,又能保证其取心钻进的工作效率和经济效益。
Wire-line coring into the superiority of its unique method is widely used in investigation sampling of more than the area of drilling, and it has achieved good social and economic benefits over the years. However, with the drilling area of investigation continues to expand, the complex and changeable layer, traditional Wire-line coring drill only to ensure better than hard and lithology of the formation when drilling, and gets the high core recovery. As for the broken loose and soft strata, it is difficult to achieve the requirements, and can not even take core. Although combined with a half pipe, three tubes and the lead pipe to improve the effectiveness of its core, but it does not fundamentally solve the coring problems in loose soft and broken strata. If we try to identify the root causes, we can see that it is difficult to plug the core well which enters the inner tube. In the process of hoisting rope, it is often to lose the core seriously, resulting in greatly reduced rate to take.
In this paper, the two samples—lakes with soft loose strata sampling and Scientific Drilling and Wenchuan earthquake fault zone—which needs to solve the problem of taking core. Combining with the working principle of the traditional S series of Wire-line coring rig and pressure clip coring rig, and the benefits of their integration into the new institutional forms, we will develop a set of new Wire-line coring drill which was in line with the requirements of scientific drilling in the broken loose and soft strata.
S series of Wire-line coring drill is the major coring tool in the geological exploration of solid minerals, and its body into the form and process has been very mature. It is able to achieve very good results from hard and lithology in a formation better, but it isn’t suitable for the clip heart body in the loose and soft strata. If we change the spring heart clip devices into the pressure heart claw clip devices, it will largely enhance their adaptability to complex formation. The bell pressure of Wire-line coring drill takes the core claw to the traditional Wire-line coring drill. It replaces the traditional methods of spring heart clip style, and takes the core of rock with ball suspension pressure coring. To replace the spring clip positioning mechanism in traditional hoisting rope core, hoisting and positioning to achieve the dual role. At the same time we use half-pipe or plastic three-liner tubes to reduce the friction when the core taken into the inner tube and to prevent the accident of core plug. Then it is easy to separate samples and core preservation and transportation after raised out of the ground.
If the bell pressure of Wire-line coring drill is manufactured successfully, it will be a fundamental solution of taking the core in the broken loose and soft strata. The realization of ball pressure Wire-line coring not only meet the requirements of the scientific coring drilling demand in the broken loose and soft strata, but also ensures the efficiency and economic benefits of core drilling.
引文
[1]何远信,夏柏如,赵尔信.环境科学钻探取样技术研究[J].现代地质,2005.9,第19卷第3期
[2]刘宝林,何跃文,司敬成.湖泊环境科学钻探施工技术[J].探矿工程,1999,(2):47-49
[3]宋涛,刘宝林,李国民.冬季呼伦湖环境科学钻探冰上湖泊钻探平台及取样技术[J].探矿工程,2008.10
[4]叶笃正,符淙斌.全球变化的主要科学问题[J].大气科学,1994,18(4):498-51
[5]张春波.绳索取心金刚石钻进技术. 1985年12月第1版
[6]张春波.绳索取心钻探技术发展现状及展望[J].探矿工程,1999,S1: 137—139
[7]王年友,谢文卫,冯起赠,苏长寿,宋志彬,孟义泉,陈晓琳.绳索取心、液动潜孔锤、螺杆马达“三合一”钻具[J].探矿工程,2005年增刊,45~47
[8]王年友,谢文卫,冯起赠,苏长寿,宋志彬.绳索取心钻探技术的新发展———三合一组合钻具[J].探矿工程.2007年第9期,70~74
[9]孙建华,张永勤.复杂地层中的深孔绳索取心钻探技术研究,探矿工程.2006.5
[10]武孟元,王险峰.绳索取芯钻探施工技术,水科学与工程技术.2006年第3期
[11]《贝尔加湖底沉积层的钻进技术》B.N.Khakaev.1996
[12]汤凤林等主编.岩心钻探学.武汉.中国地质大学出版社.1997.9
[13]杨玉坤,成伟等.松软地层取心工具加压机构工作状态分析.钻采工艺,2001, 24(1): 50~53
[14]杨玉坤,成伟.我国松软地层取心技术浅谈.石油机械,2003,31:107~109
[15]杨玉坤,成伟.国外松软地层取心技术浅谈.石油机械,2002,30:65~67
[16]蔡春源等主编.《机械设计手册》1-5,机械设计出版社.2000.6
[17]钻探技术手册(四)钻具,石油工业出版社.1992.8
[18]中国石油天然气行业标准.常规取心工具,2001
[19]韩广德等主编.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学,煤炭工业出版社.2000.9
[20]刘广志主编.岩心钻探事故与处理,地质出版社,1982.10
[21]李海石、符国强著.钻井取心技术,石油工业出版社,1993
[22]鄢泰宁主编.岩土钻掘工程学,中国地质大学出版社.2000.9
[23]李世忠主编.钻探工艺学(上、中、下册),地质出版社.1988.9.10
[24] [美] A.鲁宾斯基著,黎孔昭、严世才等译,朱千里、李邦达等校.《钻井工程进展》,石油工业出版社,1994
[25]刘广志汤凤林编著,特种钻探工艺学,上海科学技术出版社.2005.12
[26]孙明光等编著,钻井、完井工程基础知识手册,石油工业出版社.2002.12
[27]汪恺主编.《机械设计标准应用手册》,机械工业出版社,1997. 8
[28]杨礼显、石宝珩译.《取心和岩芯分析手册》,石油工业出版社,1986
[29]梁成华.轻便型松散(软)地层原状取心全液压钻探机具的研制.硕士论文,2002.6
[30]刘广志.刘广志钻探工程文集,1989
[31]许俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(一),石油机械,2000,28(9):53-56
[32]许俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(二),石油机械,2000,28(10):53-57
[33]艾春娟.复杂地层中深部绳索取心钻杆及钻具的改进研究.[硕士学位论文].北京.中国地质大学(北京).2005年
[34]Reiner.H.泥状岩样取心钻进方法及钻具[J].探矿工程,1992,(4):57-59
[35]赵尔信,贾美玲等.精细、原位、保真取样技术的进展[J].探矿工程,2005增刊:53-57
[36]李诚铭主编,新编石油钻井工程实用技术手册,中国知识出版社,2006.8
[37]B.Lundberg,M.Okrouhlik.Influence of 3D effects on the efficiency of percussive rock drilling.InternationalJournal of Impact Engineering,2001,25(4),345～360
[38]Whitebay L E.Improved coring and core handling procedures for the unconsolidated sands of the green canyon area, Gulf of Mexico.SPE 15385
[39]菅志军,张玉霖等.冲击旋转钻进技术新发展.地质与勘探2003.5,39(3):78—83
[40] Steig E J. Mid-Holocene climate change. Science, 1999, 286:1485-14871485—1487
[41] G.F. Miscow, P.E.V. de Miranda, etc. Techniques to characterize fatigue behaviour of full size drill pipes and small scale samples. International Journal ofFatigue, 2004, 26 (6),575～584
[42] Liu Guangzhi·Scientific and TechnologicalHistory ofDrilling inChina [M ]·Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2002·410-411·
[43] Whitebay L E·Improved coring and core-handling procedures forthe unconsolidated sands of the green canyon area, Gulf ofMexico. SPE 15385
[2]刘宝林,何跃文,司敬成.湖泊环境科学钻探施工技术[J].探矿工程,1999,(2):47-49
[3]宋涛,刘宝林,李国民.冬季呼伦湖环境科学钻探冰上湖泊钻探平台及取样技术[J].探矿工程,2008.10
[4]叶笃正,符淙斌.全球变化的主要科学问题[J].大气科学,1994,18(4):498-51
[5]张春波.绳索取心金刚石钻进技术. 1985年12月第1版
[6]张春波.绳索取心钻探技术发展现状及展望[J].探矿工程,1999,S1: 137—139
[7]王年友,谢文卫,冯起赠,苏长寿,宋志彬,孟义泉,陈晓琳.绳索取心、液动潜孔锤、螺杆马达“三合一”钻具[J].探矿工程,2005年增刊,45~47
[8]王年友,谢文卫,冯起赠,苏长寿,宋志彬.绳索取心钻探技术的新发展———三合一组合钻具[J].探矿工程.2007年第9期,70~74
[9]孙建华,张永勤.复杂地层中的深孔绳索取心钻探技术研究,探矿工程.2006.5
[10]武孟元,王险峰.绳索取芯钻探施工技术,水科学与工程技术.2006年第3期
[11]《贝尔加湖底沉积层的钻进技术》B.N.Khakaev.1996
[12]汤凤林等主编.岩心钻探学.武汉.中国地质大学出版社.1997.9
[13]杨玉坤,成伟等.松软地层取心工具加压机构工作状态分析.钻采工艺,2001, 24(1): 50~53
[14]杨玉坤,成伟.我国松软地层取心技术浅谈.石油机械,2003,31:107~109
[15]杨玉坤,成伟.国外松软地层取心技术浅谈.石油机械,2002,30:65~67
[16]蔡春源等主编.《机械设计手册》1-5,机械设计出版社.2000.6
[17]钻探技术手册(四)钻具,石油工业出版社.1992.8
[18]中国石油天然气行业标准.常规取心工具,2001
[19]韩广德等主编.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学,煤炭工业出版社.2000.9
[20]刘广志主编.岩心钻探事故与处理,地质出版社,1982.10
[21]李海石、符国强著.钻井取心技术,石油工业出版社,1993
[22]鄢泰宁主编.岩土钻掘工程学,中国地质大学出版社.2000.9
[23]李世忠主编.钻探工艺学(上、中、下册),地质出版社.1988.9.10
[24] [美] A.鲁宾斯基著,黎孔昭、严世才等译,朱千里、李邦达等校.《钻井工程进展》,石油工业出版社,1994
[25]刘广志汤凤林编著,特种钻探工艺学,上海科学技术出版社.2005.12
[26]孙明光等编著,钻井、完井工程基础知识手册,石油工业出版社.2002.12
[27]汪恺主编.《机械设计标准应用手册》,机械工业出版社,1997. 8
[28]杨礼显、石宝珩译.《取心和岩芯分析手册》,石油工业出版社,1986
[29]梁成华.轻便型松散(软)地层原状取心全液压钻探机具的研制.硕士论文,2002.6
[30]刘广志.刘广志钻探工程文集,1989
[31]许俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(一),石油机械,2000,28(9):53-56
[32]许俊良,宋淑玲,成伟.国外钻井取心新技术(二),石油机械,2000,28(10):53-57
[33]艾春娟.复杂地层中深部绳索取心钻杆及钻具的改进研究.[硕士学位论文].北京.中国地质大学(北京).2005年
[34]Reiner.H.泥状岩样取心钻进方法及钻具[J].探矿工程,1992,(4):57-59
[35]赵尔信,贾美玲等.精细、原位、保真取样技术的进展[J].探矿工程,2005增刊:53-57
[36]李诚铭主编,新编石油钻井工程实用技术手册,中国知识出版社,2006.8
[37]B.Lundberg,M.Okrouhlik.Influence of 3D effects on the efficiency of percussive rock drilling.InternationalJournal of Impact Engineering,2001,25(4),345～360
[38]Whitebay L E.Improved coring and core handling procedures for the unconsolidated sands of the green canyon area, Gulf of Mexico.SPE 15385
[39]菅志军,张玉霖等.冲击旋转钻进技术新发展.地质与勘探2003.5,39(3):78—83
[40] Steig E J. Mid-Holocene climate change. Science, 1999, 286:1485-14871485—1487
[41] G.F. Miscow, P.E.V. de Miranda, etc. Techniques to characterize fatigue behaviour of full size drill pipes and small scale samples. International Journal ofFatigue, 2004, 26 (6),575～584
[42] Liu Guangzhi·Scientific and TechnologicalHistory ofDrilling inChina [M ]·Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2002·410-411·
[43] Whitebay L E·Improved coring and core-handling procedures forthe unconsolidated sands of the green canyon area, Gulf ofMexico. SPE 15385