TY295D发动机柴油/乙醇双燃料电控乙醇喷射正时的优化
|
摘要
本文在现有柴油／乙醇双燃料发动机研究的基础上，针对柴油／乙醇预混合存在的掺烧比不能随发动机工况实时改变的不足，结合现有的试验条件，采用乙醇进气管喷射的方法，利用传感器、数据采集卡和虚拟仪器软件进一步改进并完善乙醇喷射的电子控制系统。并在此基础上，进行电控系统优化的试验研究：改变发动机的结构参数(供油提前角)和乙醇的喷射时刻，同时综合考虑柴油、乙醇的混合比例，进行双燃料发动机性能试验，寻找双燃料发动机动力性、经济性和烟度最优工况点的发动机供油提前角和乙醇喷射时刻。
本试验研究的电控系统由传感器和LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件组成，借助PCI-6024E数据采集卡，信号调理电路，并结合软件编程，达到柴油／乙醇混合比例随发动机工况的变化而实时改变的目的。乙醇喷射时刻的确定是通过发动机一缸进气门的气门升程对应曲轴转过的角度来确定，并借助传感器接收乙醇喷射时刻信号盘的触发信号，促使计算机发出一串喷醇脉冲信号，该信号的长度是计算机根据掺烧比和检测到的柴油量计算产生的，可以实现对乙醇掺烧比随发动机工况改变的实时控制。
通过三个供油提前角、四个供醇时刻组合的全因素试验，比较双燃料发动机与原机相同工况下的性能发现：双燃料发动机的动力性、经济性和烟度与原机相比均有不同程度的改善；在最佳供油提前角，以有效功率、当量燃油消耗率、烟度为实验指标，供醇时刻、转速、负荷率为因子，进行无交互作用的正交试验，分别建立有效功率、当量燃油消耗率、烟度与供醇时刻、转速、负荷率的二次回归正交多项式数学模型。以上结论将对以后的深入研究起到一定的借鉴指导作用。
In this thesis, a new method is adopted that the ethanol sprays is installed in the intake pipe of the diesel. But the existing research on the oil/ethanol double fuel is mixed before, and the mix proportion can not be changed with the engine operating mode. Using the new method, combining the existing experimental condition, utilizing sensor, data collecting card and virtual instrument, the electronic controlled system of the ethanol sprayed can be improved and perfected. Further more, taking advantage of the electronic control system, an optimal experimental study is carried on the oil/ethanol double fuel engine: Changing structure parameter of engine (the angle of the oil spray) and ethanol spray time, considering the mixed proportion of the diesel and ethanol, looking for optimum engine operating mode of the double fuel engine in which its strength, economy and smoke degrees are all better.
The electronic controlled system of this experimental study is made up of hardware-the sensor and software-Lab VIEW, which are connected by PCI-6024E data collecting card. The signal transition circuit and the program help change the mixed proportion of the diesel and ethanol in time with the operating mode of the engine. Ethanol spray time is the bent angle corresponding the valve tappet's position of the first cylinder, which will be sure by the ethanol spray signal coming from sensor touched by the signal dish fixed on the oil pump. The signal dish impels the computer to produce a string of pulse of ethanol spray, the length of pulse is calculated by computer according to the mix proportion and the oil of diesel. The electronic control system can change the mix proportion frequently with the operating mode of
the engine.
The whole factor experiment is formed by three angles of oil spray and four ethanol spray time. Comparing the result between the original diesel and the double fuel engine at the same operating mode, the conclusion can be drawn that power, equivalent rate and smoke of the double fuel engine are all better than the original diesel's; In the best angle of oil spray, regard effective power, equivalent oil consumption rate, smoke as the experiment index, ethanol spray time, rev, load rate as factors, the orthogonal regression experiment is carried on, based on the experiment, three regression equations about effective power, equivalent oil consumption rate, smoke degree has been set up. The optimal operating mode of the engine has been found. The above-mentioned conclusions will be reference in the later deep research.
本试验研究的电控系统由传感器和LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件组成，借助PCI-6024E数据采集卡，信号调理电路，并结合软件编程，达到柴油／乙醇混合比例随发动机工况的变化而实时改变的目的。乙醇喷射时刻的确定是通过发动机一缸进气门的气门升程对应曲轴转过的角度来确定，并借助传感器接收乙醇喷射时刻信号盘的触发信号，促使计算机发出一串喷醇脉冲信号，该信号的长度是计算机根据掺烧比和检测到的柴油量计算产生的，可以实现对乙醇掺烧比随发动机工况改变的实时控制。
通过三个供油提前角、四个供醇时刻组合的全因素试验，比较双燃料发动机与原机相同工况下的性能发现：双燃料发动机的动力性、经济性和烟度与原机相比均有不同程度的改善；在最佳供油提前角，以有效功率、当量燃油消耗率、烟度为实验指标，供醇时刻、转速、负荷率为因子，进行无交互作用的正交试验，分别建立有效功率、当量燃油消耗率、烟度与供醇时刻、转速、负荷率的二次回归正交多项式数学模型。以上结论将对以后的深入研究起到一定的借鉴指导作用。
In this thesis, a new method is adopted that the ethanol sprays is installed in the intake pipe of the diesel. But the existing research on the oil/ethanol double fuel is mixed before, and the mix proportion can not be changed with the engine operating mode. Using the new method, combining the existing experimental condition, utilizing sensor, data collecting card and virtual instrument, the electronic controlled system of the ethanol sprayed can be improved and perfected. Further more, taking advantage of the electronic control system, an optimal experimental study is carried on the oil/ethanol double fuel engine: Changing structure parameter of engine (the angle of the oil spray) and ethanol spray time, considering the mixed proportion of the diesel and ethanol, looking for optimum engine operating mode of the double fuel engine in which its strength, economy and smoke degrees are all better.
The electronic controlled system of this experimental study is made up of hardware-the sensor and software-Lab VIEW, which are connected by PCI-6024E data collecting card. The signal transition circuit and the program help change the mixed proportion of the diesel and ethanol in time with the operating mode of the engine. Ethanol spray time is the bent angle corresponding the valve tappet's position of the first cylinder, which will be sure by the ethanol spray signal coming from sensor touched by the signal dish fixed on the oil pump. The signal dish impels the computer to produce a string of pulse of ethanol spray, the length of pulse is calculated by computer according to the mix proportion and the oil of diesel. The electronic control system can change the mix proportion frequently with the operating mode of
the engine.
The whole factor experiment is formed by three angles of oil spray and four ethanol spray time. Comparing the result between the original diesel and the double fuel engine at the same operating mode, the conclusion can be drawn that power, equivalent rate and smoke of the double fuel engine are all better than the original diesel's; In the best angle of oil spray, regard effective power, equivalent oil consumption rate, smoke as the experiment index, ethanol spray time, rev, load rate as factors, the orthogonal regression experiment is carried on, based on the experiment, three regression equations about effective power, equivalent oil consumption rate, smoke degree has been set up. The optimal operating mode of the engine has been found. The above-mentioned conclusions will be reference in the later deep research.
引文
[1] 章克昌，发展“燃料乙醇”的建议，中国工程科学，2000．6
[2] 傅其军，新型可再生清洁能源——燃料乙醇的开发展望，广西轻工业，2000．4
[3] 世界能源理事会编，新的可再生的能源，海洋出版社，1998．4
[4] Solar Energy：A strategy in support of Environment and Development Un committee on development and Utilization 0f New and Renewable Sources Of Energy，1 992
[5] Evaluation of Biomass for Energy Supply(in Danish)Sub-report No．5 to Energy，2000 Danish energy Agency,900
[6] 杜德兴等，混燃甲醇和乙醇改善柴油机碳烟排放，环境科学学报，2001．11
[7] 张光德，黄震，乔信起等，二甲醚燃料喷射过程的试验研究，内燃机学报，2002．5
[8] 何邦全，闫小光，王建昕等，电喷汽油机燃用乙醇-汽油燃料的排放性能研究，内燃机学报，2002．5
[9] 包桂蓉，熊翔辉，潘秀明，2105A柴油机燃用棉籽油供油提前角的影响小型内燃机，1994．6
[10] 黄敬党，翁红林，液化气在涡流室柴油机上左双燃料运行的试验研究，小型内燃机，1995．6
[11] 张武高，周校平，黄震等，乙醇燃料发动机的研究与发展
[12] Yusuf Ali, Milford A, Hanna et, Emissions and power characteristics of diesel engines on methyl soyate and diesel fuel blends, Bioresource Technology 52 (1995) 185-195
[13] Bang-Quan He, Jian-Xin Wang, Ji-Ming Hao et, A study on emission haracteristics of an EFI engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels, Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 949-957
[14] 刘颖主编，柴油机原理，武昌：华中工学院出版社，1984．3
[15] 刘永长主编，内燃机原理，武昌：华中理工大学出版社，1992．7
[16] 王建昕，闫小光等，乙醇—柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性，内燃机学报，2002．3
[17] 王贺武，周龙保，含氧燃料添加剂对柴油机性能和排放的影响，内燃机学报，2001．1
[18] 张克明，喷油提前角与供油提前角有何区别?如何随车判断供油工时? 咨询服务
[19] Ahmed. M. E. Abdel-Latif, An Experimental Investigation of Fluid Flow and
Combustion Characteristics of Dual-fuel in a Cylindrical Combustion Chamber, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 13 (2000) 477-490
[20] 胡坪，魏琬华，胡兴烈编，汽车柴油机结构原理与维修，北京：国防工业出版社 1998．9
[21] 赵奎翰，魏建勤，张惠明等，供油提前角对直喷式柴油发动机喷雾、燃烧和碳粒变化历程的影响，内燃机学报，2000．1
[22] 张武高，杨剑光，李书泽等，柴油-酒精混合燃料发动机的性能研究，汽车工稗，2003．4
[23] Gallo Waldyr Luiz Ribel, Milanez Luiz Fenando Exergetic Anal-ysisof Ethanol and Gasoline Fueled Engines, SAE Technical Paper Series Feb 24-28 1992
[24] 侯海涛，柴油机供油提前角的调整，DRAINGE AND IRRINGTION MACHINERY VOL．21，NO．3
[25] 刘荣厚，刘庆玉，马志泓等，柴油机燃用乙醇／柴油双燃料的改装设计，沈阳农业大学学报，1994．6
[26] 石博强，赵德永，李畅等编著，LabVIEW6．1编程技术使用教程，北京：中国铁道出版社2002．11
[27] 陈海滨，田瑞利等，基于PCI 6024E的虚拟仪器测试系统，电子技术，2003年第8期
[28] 董辉编，汽车用传感器，北京：北京理工大学出版社2000．7
[29] 杨乐平译，LabVIEW程序设计与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．10
[30] 刘君华主编，基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计，北京：电子工业出版社2003．1
[31] [美] Gary W．Johnson Richard Jennings著，武嘉澍，陆劲昆译，北京：北京大学出版社，2002．4
[32] Toshiba Photocoupler GaA As Ired &Phto Ic 6N137,1998.2.27
[33] 江思敏，姚鹏翼，胡荣等编著Protel电路设计教程，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．9
[34] 苏金明，傅荣华，周建斌等编著，统计软件SPSS for Windows实用指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2000．9
[35] 赵俊华，LPG／柴油双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性的研究：[学位论文]，合肥：合肥工业大学，2002．6
[36] 郑尊清，双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性的研究：[学位论文]，天津：天津大学，1999．1
[37] LikosB, Performance and Emission of Ethanol and Ethanol-Diesel Blends in Derect-Injection and Pre-chamber Diesel Engines [C].SAE Paper821039,1982
[38] 辛益军主编，方查分析与实验设计，北京：中国财政经济出版社，2002．2
[39] 周纪芗 编著，适用回归分析方法，上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990．3
[40] 薛为民 编著，正交多项式回归及其应用，北京：化工工业出版社，1989．11
[41] 邓勃 编著，分析测试数据的统计处理方法，北京：清华大学出版社，1995．5
[42] 汪荣鑫 著，数理统计，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986．10
[2] 傅其军，新型可再生清洁能源——燃料乙醇的开发展望，广西轻工业，2000．4
[3] 世界能源理事会编，新的可再生的能源，海洋出版社，1998．4
[4] Solar Energy：A strategy in support of Environment and Development Un committee on development and Utilization 0f New and Renewable Sources Of Energy，1 992
[5] Evaluation of Biomass for Energy Supply(in Danish)Sub-report No．5 to Energy，2000 Danish energy Agency,900
[6] 杜德兴等，混燃甲醇和乙醇改善柴油机碳烟排放，环境科学学报，2001．11
[7] 张光德，黄震，乔信起等，二甲醚燃料喷射过程的试验研究，内燃机学报，2002．5
[8] 何邦全，闫小光，王建昕等，电喷汽油机燃用乙醇-汽油燃料的排放性能研究，内燃机学报，2002．5
[9] 包桂蓉，熊翔辉，潘秀明，2105A柴油机燃用棉籽油供油提前角的影响小型内燃机，1994．6
[10] 黄敬党，翁红林，液化气在涡流室柴油机上左双燃料运行的试验研究，小型内燃机，1995．6
[11] 张武高，周校平，黄震等，乙醇燃料发动机的研究与发展
[12] Yusuf Ali, Milford A, Hanna et, Emissions and power characteristics of diesel engines on methyl soyate and diesel fuel blends, Bioresource Technology 52 (1995) 185-195
[13] Bang-Quan He, Jian-Xin Wang, Ji-Ming Hao et, A study on emission haracteristics of an EFI engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels, Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 949-957
[14] 刘颖主编，柴油机原理，武昌：华中工学院出版社，1984．3
[15] 刘永长主编，内燃机原理，武昌：华中理工大学出版社，1992．7
[16] 王建昕，闫小光等，乙醇—柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性，内燃机学报，2002．3
[17] 王贺武，周龙保，含氧燃料添加剂对柴油机性能和排放的影响，内燃机学报，2001．1
[18] 张克明，喷油提前角与供油提前角有何区别?如何随车判断供油工时? 咨询服务
[19] Ahmed. M. E. Abdel-Latif, An Experimental Investigation of Fluid Flow and
Combustion Characteristics of Dual-fuel in a Cylindrical Combustion Chamber, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 13 (2000) 477-490
[20] 胡坪，魏琬华，胡兴烈编，汽车柴油机结构原理与维修，北京：国防工业出版社 1998．9
[21] 赵奎翰，魏建勤，张惠明等，供油提前角对直喷式柴油发动机喷雾、燃烧和碳粒变化历程的影响，内燃机学报，2000．1
[22] 张武高，杨剑光，李书泽等，柴油-酒精混合燃料发动机的性能研究，汽车工稗，2003．4
[23] Gallo Waldyr Luiz Ribel, Milanez Luiz Fenando Exergetic Anal-ysisof Ethanol and Gasoline Fueled Engines, SAE Technical Paper Series Feb 24-28 1992
[24] 侯海涛，柴油机供油提前角的调整，DRAINGE AND IRRINGTION MACHINERY VOL．21，NO．3
[25] 刘荣厚，刘庆玉，马志泓等，柴油机燃用乙醇／柴油双燃料的改装设计，沈阳农业大学学报，1994．6
[26] 石博强，赵德永，李畅等编著，LabVIEW6．1编程技术使用教程，北京：中国铁道出版社2002．11
[27] 陈海滨，田瑞利等，基于PCI 6024E的虚拟仪器测试系统，电子技术，2003年第8期
[28] 董辉编，汽车用传感器，北京：北京理工大学出版社2000．7
[29] 杨乐平译，LabVIEW程序设计与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．10
[30] 刘君华主编，基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计，北京：电子工业出版社2003．1
[31] [美] Gary W．Johnson Richard Jennings著，武嘉澍，陆劲昆译，北京：北京大学出版社，2002．4
[32] Toshiba Photocoupler GaA As Ired &Phto Ic 6N137,1998.2.27
[33] 江思敏，姚鹏翼，胡荣等编著Protel电路设计教程，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．9
[34] 苏金明，傅荣华，周建斌等编著，统计软件SPSS for Windows实用指南，北京：电子工业出版社，2000．9
[35] 赵俊华，LPG／柴油双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性的研究：[学位论文]，合肥：合肥工业大学，2002．6
[36] 郑尊清，双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性的研究：[学位论文]，天津：天津大学，1999．1
[37] LikosB, Performance and Emission of Ethanol and Ethanol-Diesel Blends in Derect-Injection and Pre-chamber Diesel Engines [C].SAE Paper821039,1982
[38] 辛益军主编，方查分析与实验设计，北京：中国财政经济出版社，2002．2
[39] 周纪芗 编著，适用回归分析方法，上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990．3
[40] 薛为民 编著，正交多项式回归及其应用，北京：化工工业出版社，1989．11
[41] 邓勃 编著，分析测试数据的统计处理方法，北京：清华大学出版社，1995．5
[42] 汪荣鑫 著，数理统计，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986．10