双燃料汽车ECU控制参数在线调试技术研究
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摘要
用液化石油气(LPG)和天然气作为汽车代用燃料，是降低我国汽车排放污染和缓解石油能源短缺的一个重要发展方向。由于受现阶段我国加气站网点的制约，绝大部分燃气汽车采用双燃料工作形式。目前，我国的双燃料汽车改装主要技术装置依赖进口，改车成本高。鉴于上述情况，哈尔滨工程大学研制开发了一种具有自主技术的双燃料汽车液化石油气电控供气系统的核心元件——电子控制单元(ECU)。该电子控制单元曾经被用于对一款夏利电喷车进行双燃料改装，经实验证明，其对排放的控制达到了欧洲2号标准，具有较高的控制水平。但是，由于该电子控制单元不具备通信功能，在对不同车型进行双燃料汽车改装时，无法根据需要实现控制参数在线调试，进行整车性能匹配实验很不方便。针对这一问题，本文研究双燃料汽车ECU控制参数在线调试技术，旨在完善该ECU的使用性能，为其进入实用阶段做好技术上的准备，因此具有一定的实际意义。
本文的研究内容及所得到的结果主要有以下几方面：
(1)在北京2032SA吉普车上搭建起LPG／汽油双燃料系统试验平台，进行了燃用汽油和LPG、LPG开环系统和闭环系统等排放对比实验研究，实验结果表明自行研制的ECU控制效果良好，具有一定的应用前景。通过实验工作还熟悉了ECU控制原理和相关控制参数的作用，为ECU控制参数在线调试功能的开发积累了有益的经验。
(2)采用RS-232C接口标准和串行异步通信方式，对ECU中的单片机与PC机之间的数据通信系统进行了总体方案设计和论证。
(3)完成了通信系统的硬件电路设计，编制了单片机和PC机的通信程序，实现了单片机与PC机之间的串行通信。所设计的用户界面合理，功能比较完善。模拟实验结果表明，本通信系统工作可靠，使用非常方便，能够满足ECU控制参数在线调试的使用要求。
It is an important developmental direction to use liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas as automobiles' substitutive fuel in our country. It can decrease emission pollution caused by automobiles and relieve the shortage of energy. However, because of the restriction of gas stations, majority of our country's gas automobiles work on dual fuel form. Presently the main technology devices of refitting dual-fuel automobiles depend on import, and the cost of refitting is very high. In view of the above, Harbin Engineering University has developed a kind of nuclear component of electronic control system-electronic-control-unit (ECU) which owns independent rights. It can control the amount of gas fuel of a dual-fuel automobile. The electronic-control-unit was used to apply to a type of Xia Li automobile once. By the experimental study, it was proved that it had possessed higher standard of control emission, and achieved the Europe standards (II). However, since it hasn't the function of communication, it couldn't
adjust the control parameters online when we are refitting a dual fuel automobile from different types of automobiles, and it is very not convenient to make matching experiments. In view of this, in order to complete the functions of the electronic-control-unit and make preparation for its practical application, an on-line adjustment technology of control parameters of dual-fuel automobiles' ECU is worked out in this paper, so the study works have practical significance.
The chief study contents and results in this paper are the following:
(1) A test-bed of LPG and gasoline dual-fuel system has been set up on 2032SA Beijing jeep, and a series of emission experiments have been done which include the contrast of using petrol and LPG, the contrast of LPG opened loop control system and closed loop control system, et al. The experimental results indicate that the control effects of the ECU are well, and the application prospect is bright. By doing the emission experiments, the control principle of the ECU and the functions of related control parameters are known, and beneficial experience for the developing of on-line adjustment technology of ECU's control parameters is accumulated.
(2) Adopting RS-232C interface standard and asynchronous serial
communication method, the overall scheme of the data communication system between the microcomputer in the ECU and a PC computer were designed.
(3) A series of interface electric circuits of the communication system were completed. The communication programs between the microcomputer and a PC computer are worked out. The designs of user interface are reasonable and its functions are integrity. The simulated experimental results indicate that the communication system designed in this paper is reliable and very convenient to use. At the same time it can meet the demands of on-line adjustments for ECU's control parameters.
本文的研究内容及所得到的结果主要有以下几方面：
(1)在北京2032SA吉普车上搭建起LPG／汽油双燃料系统试验平台，进行了燃用汽油和LPG、LPG开环系统和闭环系统等排放对比实验研究，实验结果表明自行研制的ECU控制效果良好，具有一定的应用前景。通过实验工作还熟悉了ECU控制原理和相关控制参数的作用，为ECU控制参数在线调试功能的开发积累了有益的经验。
(2)采用RS-232C接口标准和串行异步通信方式，对ECU中的单片机与PC机之间的数据通信系统进行了总体方案设计和论证。
(3)完成了通信系统的硬件电路设计，编制了单片机和PC机的通信程序，实现了单片机与PC机之间的串行通信。所设计的用户界面合理，功能比较完善。模拟实验结果表明，本通信系统工作可靠，使用非常方便，能够满足ECU控制参数在线调试的使用要求。
It is an important developmental direction to use liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas as automobiles' substitutive fuel in our country. It can decrease emission pollution caused by automobiles and relieve the shortage of energy. However, because of the restriction of gas stations, majority of our country's gas automobiles work on dual fuel form. Presently the main technology devices of refitting dual-fuel automobiles depend on import, and the cost of refitting is very high. In view of the above, Harbin Engineering University has developed a kind of nuclear component of electronic control system-electronic-control-unit (ECU) which owns independent rights. It can control the amount of gas fuel of a dual-fuel automobile. The electronic-control-unit was used to apply to a type of Xia Li automobile once. By the experimental study, it was proved that it had possessed higher standard of control emission, and achieved the Europe standards (II). However, since it hasn't the function of communication, it couldn't
adjust the control parameters online when we are refitting a dual fuel automobile from different types of automobiles, and it is very not convenient to make matching experiments. In view of this, in order to complete the functions of the electronic-control-unit and make preparation for its practical application, an on-line adjustment technology of control parameters of dual-fuel automobiles' ECU is worked out in this paper, so the study works have practical significance.
The chief study contents and results in this paper are the following:
(1) A test-bed of LPG and gasoline dual-fuel system has been set up on 2032SA Beijing jeep, and a series of emission experiments have been done which include the contrast of using petrol and LPG, the contrast of LPG opened loop control system and closed loop control system, et al. The experimental results indicate that the control effects of the ECU are well, and the application prospect is bright. By doing the emission experiments, the control principle of the ECU and the functions of related control parameters are known, and beneficial experience for the developing of on-line adjustment technology of ECU's control parameters is accumulated.
(2) Adopting RS-232C interface standard and asynchronous serial
communication method, the overall scheme of the data communication system between the microcomputer in the ECU and a PC computer were designed.
(3) A series of interface electric circuits of the communication system were completed. The communication programs between the microcomputer and a PC computer are worked out. The designs of user interface are reasonable and its functions are integrity. The simulated experimental results indicate that the communication system designed in this paper is reliable and very convenient to use. At the same time it can meet the demands of on-line adjustments for ECU's control parameters.
引文
[1] 蔡凤田主编．汽车排放污染物控制实用技术．第1版．北京：人民交通出版社，2000：2页
[2] 吴志新等．液化天然气汽车的研究进展及存在问题．世界汽车．2001(9)：18-20页
[3] 刘桂彬等．车用液化石油气的气质特性及其对发动机性能的影响．世界汽车．2001(11)：14-17页
[4] 杜胜品，果继辉．双燃料发动机(一)．内燃机．2001(5)：29-31页
[5] 王建昕，傅立新等编著．汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社．2000：63～64页，203页
[6] 张煜盛等．柴油机高效清洁燃料二甲醚(DME)的研究及其发展．内燃机工程．2001(1)：
[7] 燃气汽车发展的现状与前景．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2001
[8] 国际国内LPG发展现状．http://west car.Chinese.com/huanbao.2000
[9] 国内环保燃气汽车动态．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2000
[10] 荷兰燃气汽车技术进展．http://www.zjcc.com.cn.2001
[11] 阿比旦等．液化石油气汽车技术的发展与应用．汽车技术．2001(11)：5-8页
[12] John P. Conversion of Two Small Utility Engine to LPG Fuel. SAE932447,1993
[13] Caton J. A., ed. Development of A Dedicated LPG-fueled Spark-ignition Engine and Vehicle for the 1996 Propane Vehicle Challenge. SAE 972692,1997
[14] Wu, Tzann-Dwo, ed. Design Optimization for an LPG Automobile Engine. International Journal of Vehicle Design. 2000(1):100-120P
[15] Lee, D., ed. Performance and Emissions of an LPG Lean-Burn Engine for Heavy-Duty Vehicles. SAE 1999(4):1055-1065P
[16] 郝利君等．天然气发动机的发展现状与展望．汽车工程．2000(5)：332-337页
[17] 孙济美主编．天然气和液化石油气汽车．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社．1999：前言．
[18] Bruce Hodgins K, ed. Directly Injected Natural Gas Fueling of Diesel Engines. SAE 961671,1996.
[19] Peter L Mtui, ed. Ignition Delay and Combustion Duration With Natural Gas Fueling of Engines. SAE 961933,1996.
[20] 我国推行CNG、LPG汽车的情况．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2001
[21] 靳旗．液化石油气汽车试验研究．汽车研究与开发．2001(3)：22-28页
[22] 高世伦等．LPG/汽油双燃料发动机台架试验研究．车用发动机．2001(3)：17-21页
[23] 卜明等．汽油-LPG 双燃料发动机的试验研究．轻型汽车技术．2000(3)：31-36页
[24] 顾善愚等．我国汽油-液化石油气汽车的排放及控制．世界汽车．1998(12)：18-19页
[25] 赵志远等．富康液化石油气-汽油双燃料轿车的开发研究．湖北汽车．2001(1)：29-31页
[26] 王浩等．双燃料发动机电控系统的开发研究．柴油机设计与制造．2000(3)：12-14页
[27] 乔宇等．用MC68332开发高性能双燃料发动机ECU．天津职业技术师范学院学报．2001(4)：13-15页
[28] 郝利君等．多点顺序喷射天然气发动机的开发研究．内燃机学报．2001(4)：333-336页
[29] 朱义伦等．LPG/汽油双燃料汽车双达标低排放控制系统研究．内燃机工程．2001(3)：60-63页
[30] 范逸之，陈立元编著．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．第1版．北京：中国青年出版社．2002：2～3页
[31] 孙涵芳主编．Intel 16位单片机．第1版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1995：69-72页，126-128页
[32] 曹林林主编．单片机原理及接口技术．第1版．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．2000：121页
[33] Katz R, Boyer H. The 8096 Microcomputer Progranming, Interfacing, Applications. New York City: Microprocessor Training INC. 1986
[34] 黄遵熹主编．单片机原理接口与应用．第1版．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1997：26页
[35] 薛青主编．MCS8096系列单片机原理及接口技术．第1版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1998：116～118页
[36] 邹逢兴编著．微型计算机接口原理与技术．第2版．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．1999：124-127页
[37] 吴言荪，刘云龙．微型计算机原理及应用．第1版．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1998：216-218页
[38] 武庆生，仇梅编著．单片机原理与应用．第1版．成都：电子科技大学出版社．1998：79～80页
[39] 王承发，邱祥辉主编．微型计算机原理及应用．第2版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1996：262-264页
[40] 宋培义，刘立新编著．单片机原理、接口技术及应用．第1版．北京：中国广播电视大学出版社．1999：149～150页
[41] 串口通信——同步通信方式．http://www.chinakong.net/.
[42] RS-232、RS-422与RS-485标准及应用．http://www.chinakong.net/.
[43] 王志宏．单片机与 PC 机的串口通信．现代电子技术．2000(12)：68-70页
[44] Wichit Sirichote. RS-232C Level Converter. http://www.kmitl.ac.th
[45] MAXIM NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK VOLUME Ⅶ. 1998:95P
[46] 孙光，赵志敏．单片机高速串行异步通信的分析与应用．电工技术杂志．2002(4)：30-32页
[47] CASIO Link. http://www.hw.cz/english/constrc
[48] 汪建，王臻．80C196单片机与PC机的通信及绘图．测控技术．2002(1)：67-69页
[2] 吴志新等．液化天然气汽车的研究进展及存在问题．世界汽车．2001(9)：18-20页
[3] 刘桂彬等．车用液化石油气的气质特性及其对发动机性能的影响．世界汽车．2001(11)：14-17页
[4] 杜胜品，果继辉．双燃料发动机(一)．内燃机．2001(5)：29-31页
[5] 王建昕，傅立新等编著．汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社．2000：63～64页，203页
[6] 张煜盛等．柴油机高效清洁燃料二甲醚(DME)的研究及其发展．内燃机工程．2001(1)：
[7] 燃气汽车发展的现状与前景．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2001
[8] 国际国内LPG发展现状．http://west car.Chinese.com/huanbao.2000
[9] 国内环保燃气汽车动态．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2000
[10] 荷兰燃气汽车技术进展．http://www.zjcc.com.cn.2001
[11] 阿比旦等．液化石油气汽车技术的发展与应用．汽车技术．2001(11)：5-8页
[12] John P. Conversion of Two Small Utility Engine to LPG Fuel. SAE932447,1993
[13] Caton J. A., ed. Development of A Dedicated LPG-fueled Spark-ignition Engine and Vehicle for the 1996 Propane Vehicle Challenge. SAE 972692,1997
[14] Wu, Tzann-Dwo, ed. Design Optimization for an LPG Automobile Engine. International Journal of Vehicle Design. 2000(1):100-120P
[15] Lee, D., ed. Performance and Emissions of an LPG Lean-Burn Engine for Heavy-Duty Vehicles. SAE 1999(4):1055-1065P
[16] 郝利君等．天然气发动机的发展现状与展望．汽车工程．2000(5)：332-337页
[17] 孙济美主编．天然气和液化石油气汽车．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社．1999：前言．
[18] Bruce Hodgins K, ed. Directly Injected Natural Gas Fueling of Diesel Engines. SAE 961671,1996.
[19] Peter L Mtui, ed. Ignition Delay and Combustion Duration With Natural Gas Fueling of Engines. SAE 961933,1996.
[20] 我国推行CNG、LPG汽车的情况．http://www.ccgas.net/zl.2001
[21] 靳旗．液化石油气汽车试验研究．汽车研究与开发．2001(3)：22-28页
[22] 高世伦等．LPG/汽油双燃料发动机台架试验研究．车用发动机．2001(3)：17-21页
[23] 卜明等．汽油-LPG 双燃料发动机的试验研究．轻型汽车技术．2000(3)：31-36页
[24] 顾善愚等．我国汽油-液化石油气汽车的排放及控制．世界汽车．1998(12)：18-19页
[25] 赵志远等．富康液化石油气-汽油双燃料轿车的开发研究．湖北汽车．2001(1)：29-31页
[26] 王浩等．双燃料发动机电控系统的开发研究．柴油机设计与制造．2000(3)：12-14页
[27] 乔宇等．用MC68332开发高性能双燃料发动机ECU．天津职业技术师范学院学报．2001(4)：13-15页
[28] 郝利君等．多点顺序喷射天然气发动机的开发研究．内燃机学报．2001(4)：333-336页
[29] 朱义伦等．LPG/汽油双燃料汽车双达标低排放控制系统研究．内燃机工程．2001(3)：60-63页
[30] 范逸之，陈立元编著．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．第1版．北京：中国青年出版社．2002：2～3页
[31] 孙涵芳主编．Intel 16位单片机．第1版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1995：69-72页，126-128页
[32] 曹林林主编．单片机原理及接口技术．第1版．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．2000：121页
[33] Katz R, Boyer H. The 8096 Microcomputer Progranming, Interfacing, Applications. New York City: Microprocessor Training INC. 1986
[34] 黄遵熹主编．单片机原理接口与应用．第1版．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1997：26页
[35] 薛青主编．MCS8096系列单片机原理及接口技术．第1版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1998：116～118页
[36] 邹逢兴编著．微型计算机接口原理与技术．第2版．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．1999：124-127页
[37] 吴言荪，刘云龙．微型计算机原理及应用．第1版．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1998：216-218页
[38] 武庆生，仇梅编著．单片机原理与应用．第1版．成都：电子科技大学出版社．1998：79～80页
[39] 王承发，邱祥辉主编．微型计算机原理及应用．第2版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1996：262-264页
[40] 宋培义，刘立新编著．单片机原理、接口技术及应用．第1版．北京：中国广播电视大学出版社．1999：149～150页
[41] 串口通信——同步通信方式．http://www.chinakong.net/.
[42] RS-232、RS-422与RS-485标准及应用．http://www.chinakong.net/.
[43] 王志宏．单片机与 PC 机的串口通信．现代电子技术．2000(12)：68-70页
[44] Wichit Sirichote. RS-232C Level Converter. http://www.kmitl.ac.th
[45] MAXIM NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK VOLUME Ⅶ. 1998:95P
[46] 孙光，赵志敏．单片机高速串行异步通信的分析与应用．电工技术杂志．2002(4)：30-32页
[47] CASIO Link. http://www.hw.cz/english/constrc
[48] 汪建，王臻．80C196单片机与PC机的通信及绘图．测控技术．2002(1)：67-69页