混凝土湿喷机液压冲击与脉动机理分析
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摘要
混凝土湿喷机是混凝土施工中广泛使用的一种工程机械,它能一次连续完成水平运输和垂直运输,效率高、节省劳动力、费用低。液压系统是混凝土湿喷机最重要的组成部分之一,其设计的正确及合理与否不仅对混凝土湿喷机的技术性能有很大影响,而且对混凝土湿喷机整机工作的安全性和可靠性也至关重要。混凝土湿喷机的换向系统必须在极短的时间内实现S管的换向动作,但这同时造成混凝土湿喷机在换向过程中的液压冲击。液压冲击不但产生噪声、引起振动,而且将降低混凝土湿喷机的使用寿命。从这个意义上讲,有必要对混凝土湿喷机液压冲击进行深入研究并找到降低液压冲击的办法。
本文在样机试验的基础上,对混凝土湿喷机液压系统的液压冲击和混凝土喷射脉动现象进行了研究。首先阐述了液压冲击对混凝土湿喷机的危害以及对工程质量的影响,提出对液压系统的改进方案,详细分析了泵送过程和电液换向过程,找到引起液压冲击和脉动的根本原因(泵送速度与换向时间不匹配);然后分析了混凝土在输送管道中的流动状态与分配阀的动力学特性,得出混凝土湿喷机的泵送负载和摆动负载;最后应用功率键合图的方法分别建立泵送系统和分配系统的数学模型,并利用仿真软件Matlab/Simulink对其进行仿真研究,分析在不同的泵送速度(输入流量)和换向时间下液压冲击情况,并验证了理论分析的正确性。
Wet spraying machine is a kind of construction machinery widely used in concrete construction, that can once finish competence transporting and vertical transportation in succession, with high efficiency, low workforce and expenses. The hydraulic pressure system is one of the most important components in the wet spraying machine, the design not merely having very great influence on technical feature of wet spraying machine, but also is essential to the security and dependability of working to the wet spraying machine complete machine. The directional shift system of the wet spraying machine must complete S tube's shift operation in very short time, which may cause hydraulic impact at the same time during the operation. The hydraulic impact not only results in noises and vibration but also reduces the equipment's life time. So speaking from this meaning, it is necessary to research the hydraulic impact in wet spraying machine and find method to reduce the hydraulic impact.
On the basis of experiment with the sample of wet spraying machine, the hydraulic impact and pulsation in wet spraying machine is researched in this paper. Firstly, the paper expatiated the harm to wet spraying machine and influence on the quality of project, and put forward the modification scheme for hydraulic system. Pumping process and the course of electricity and liquid changes were analyzed in detail in this paper. The cause of hydraulic impact and pulsation (pumping rate and the response time of dividing system does not match) was found out. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the flowing state of concrete in conduit by rheology principle and dynamics of dividing system, and established the pumping load and switching load of wet spraying machine. Finally, it set up the complete mathematical model of pumping system and dividing system with the widely used software Matlab/Simulink. The displacement of the rod piston and the impact of hydraulic are analyzed in different input flow and different reversing time. And the reliability of theory analysis is further verified.
本文在样机试验的基础上,对混凝土湿喷机液压系统的液压冲击和混凝土喷射脉动现象进行了研究。首先阐述了液压冲击对混凝土湿喷机的危害以及对工程质量的影响,提出对液压系统的改进方案,详细分析了泵送过程和电液换向过程,找到引起液压冲击和脉动的根本原因(泵送速度与换向时间不匹配);然后分析了混凝土在输送管道中的流动状态与分配阀的动力学特性,得出混凝土湿喷机的泵送负载和摆动负载;最后应用功率键合图的方法分别建立泵送系统和分配系统的数学模型,并利用仿真软件Matlab/Simulink对其进行仿真研究,分析在不同的泵送速度(输入流量)和换向时间下液压冲击情况,并验证了理论分析的正确性。
Wet spraying machine is a kind of construction machinery widely used in concrete construction, that can once finish competence transporting and vertical transportation in succession, with high efficiency, low workforce and expenses. The hydraulic pressure system is one of the most important components in the wet spraying machine, the design not merely having very great influence on technical feature of wet spraying machine, but also is essential to the security and dependability of working to the wet spraying machine complete machine. The directional shift system of the wet spraying machine must complete S tube's shift operation in very short time, which may cause hydraulic impact at the same time during the operation. The hydraulic impact not only results in noises and vibration but also reduces the equipment's life time. So speaking from this meaning, it is necessary to research the hydraulic impact in wet spraying machine and find method to reduce the hydraulic impact.
On the basis of experiment with the sample of wet spraying machine, the hydraulic impact and pulsation in wet spraying machine is researched in this paper. Firstly, the paper expatiated the harm to wet spraying machine and influence on the quality of project, and put forward the modification scheme for hydraulic system. Pumping process and the course of electricity and liquid changes were analyzed in detail in this paper. The cause of hydraulic impact and pulsation (pumping rate and the response time of dividing system does not match) was found out. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the flowing state of concrete in conduit by rheology principle and dynamics of dividing system, and established the pumping load and switching load of wet spraying machine. Finally, it set up the complete mathematical model of pumping system and dividing system with the widely used software Matlab/Simulink. The displacement of the rod piston and the impact of hydraulic are analyzed in different input flow and different reversing time. And the reliability of theory analysis is further verified.
引文
[1]马宝祥.湿式混凝土喷射机的发展及应用[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2000,17(3):49-51
[2]王小宝.湿式混凝土喷射机的类型及发展[J].工程机械,2000(2):28-32
[3]李云江.国内外湿喷机的发展现状[J].中国设备工程,2003(1):29-30
[4]赵志缙.混凝土泵送施工技术[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[5]曹辉,谷立臣.泵式混凝土湿喷机液压系统设计[J].矿山机械,2001(5):22-23
[6]谷立臣等.泵式混凝土湿喷机的研究与设计[J].建筑机械,2001(6):29-31
[7]雷天觉.液压工程手册[M],北京:机械工业出版,1990.4
[8]路甬祥.液压气动技术手册[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[9]陆建浙.混凝土泵送系统的动态分析与设计[J].建设机械技术与管理,1998(2):17-19
[10]江四厚.阀控液压缸系统动态特性仿真与优化研究[J].计算机仿真,2003(6):124-126
[11]王华兵:混凝土输送泵换向液压冲击仿真研究[J].建设机械技术与管理,2003(8):18-20
[12]戚治义等:国内外混凝土泵的泵送液压系统自动换向控制方式分析[J].建筑机械,1997(4):30-32
[13]彭秀英:混凝土泵开式液压系统液压冲击分析与对策[J].液压与气动2003(11):12-13
[14]吕彭民等:混凝土泵车冲击载荷对结构动态特性的影响[J].中国公路学报,2003(10):115-117
[15]王运喜:混凝土泵液压系统浅析[J].江苏煤炭,2000(3):61-62
[16]隗金文,王慧.液压传动[M],沈阳:东北大学出版社,2001.12.
[17]陈卫:混凝土泵的摆动系统分析[J].建设机械,2000(2):30-32
[18]张志兵等:PBT20湿喷机液压系统[J].液压与气动,2003(3):44-45
[19]何玉东等:国外混凝土泵车液压系统分析[J].建设机械技术与管理,2005(5):19-22
[20]雷建容:混凝土泵换向顺序的控制方式[J].工程机械与维修,2003(10):76-79
[21]张大庆等:液压冲击对混凝土泵车结构振动性能影响的试验研究[J].机床与液压,2004(10):103-106
[22]穆晨:一种新型混凝土拖泵液压系统[J].设计制造,2004(4):84-86
[23]荆宝德等:混凝土泵液压系统几点改进[J].建筑机械,2005(12):97-99
[24]车德宁:蓄能器在液压系统中的应用[J].建筑机械化,2005(2):32-34
[25]傅磊:混凝土泵车液压系统仿真研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2000(1):76-79
[26]魏吉祥等:混凝土泵出口压力的理论探讨与分析[J].建筑机械,2000(11):36-39
[27]姚倩:混凝土泵送压力及其确定[J].建筑机械,1994(9):29-34
[28]陈照弟等:蓄能器对管路系统压力冲击影响的分析研究[J].液压气动与密封,1999(4):25
[29]潘亚东.键合图理论-一种系统动力学方法[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,1900.
[30]李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[31]蔡廷文.液压系统现代建模方法[M],北京:中国标准出版社,2002.12.
[32]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2005.12.
[33]楼顺天,姚若玉,冶继民.基于MATLAB7.x的系统分析设计与设计[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社[M],2005.
[34]张宝书.混凝土输送泵的试验研究[J].建筑机械,1997(9):38-39
[35]伍伟强等.浅析混凝土泵送阻力的影响因素及泵的选型[J].广东土木与建筑,2001(3):17-19
[36]焦生杰.水泥混凝土泵车液压系统测试与冲击研究[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2002(3)
[37]郑钧宜,彭文挥.键图理论在液压控制系统动态仿真中的应用[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1998,20(4):43-45
[38]石红雁,许纯新,付连宇.基于Simulink液压系统动态仿真[J].农业机械学报,2000,31(5):94-96
[39]侯友夫等.Simulink在液压系统仿真中的应用[J].江苏煤炭,2002(1):10-11
[40]李富兴,孙少燕.浅析混凝土输送泵断流的危害和解决办法[J].建筑机械化,2003(5):16
[41]陈再捷.混凝土输送泵技术改造方案及实施[J].建筑机械化,2003(10):27-28
[42]Concrete Pump reaches a conveying distance of 4300 m,World Pumps,1997
[43]R.C.Rosenberg,D.C.Kamopp.Introduction to Physical System Dynaimcs.Mc.Graw-Hill,New York.1983
[44]W.Backe,W.Hoffmann.DSH-Program System for Digital Simulation of Systems.The 6th International Fluid Power Sysposium,1981
[45]Modern pump-design software systems offer an integrated process with fluid dynamics,World Pumps,2001
[46]D.C.Karnopp,D.L.Margolis and R.C.Rosenberg System Dynamics Mc Graw-Hill,New York,1983
[47]Lambeek R P.Hydraulic Pumps and Motor:Selection and Application for Hydraulic power Control System.New York:Marcel Deker Inc.1983
[48]Thomas,Philippe,System design through Matlab,control toolbox and SIMULINK,Automatic,2002
[49]Pumping 60%solid matter in concrete,World Pumps,2001
[50]Proverbs,D.G.Olomolaiye,P.O,Harris,F.C,An Evaluation of Transportation Systems for High Rise Concrete Construction,Building and Environment,1996
[2]王小宝.湿式混凝土喷射机的类型及发展[J].工程机械,2000(2):28-32
[3]李云江.国内外湿喷机的发展现状[J].中国设备工程,2003(1):29-30
[4]赵志缙.混凝土泵送施工技术[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[5]曹辉,谷立臣.泵式混凝土湿喷机液压系统设计[J].矿山机械,2001(5):22-23
[6]谷立臣等.泵式混凝土湿喷机的研究与设计[J].建筑机械,2001(6):29-31
[7]雷天觉.液压工程手册[M],北京:机械工业出版,1990.4
[8]路甬祥.液压气动技术手册[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[9]陆建浙.混凝土泵送系统的动态分析与设计[J].建设机械技术与管理,1998(2):17-19
[10]江四厚.阀控液压缸系统动态特性仿真与优化研究[J].计算机仿真,2003(6):124-126
[11]王华兵:混凝土输送泵换向液压冲击仿真研究[J].建设机械技术与管理,2003(8):18-20
[12]戚治义等:国内外混凝土泵的泵送液压系统自动换向控制方式分析[J].建筑机械,1997(4):30-32
[13]彭秀英:混凝土泵开式液压系统液压冲击分析与对策[J].液压与气动2003(11):12-13
[14]吕彭民等:混凝土泵车冲击载荷对结构动态特性的影响[J].中国公路学报,2003(10):115-117
[15]王运喜:混凝土泵液压系统浅析[J].江苏煤炭,2000(3):61-62
[16]隗金文,王慧.液压传动[M],沈阳:东北大学出版社,2001.12.
[17]陈卫:混凝土泵的摆动系统分析[J].建设机械,2000(2):30-32
[18]张志兵等:PBT20湿喷机液压系统[J].液压与气动,2003(3):44-45
[19]何玉东等:国外混凝土泵车液压系统分析[J].建设机械技术与管理,2005(5):19-22
[20]雷建容:混凝土泵换向顺序的控制方式[J].工程机械与维修,2003(10):76-79
[21]张大庆等:液压冲击对混凝土泵车结构振动性能影响的试验研究[J].机床与液压,2004(10):103-106
[22]穆晨:一种新型混凝土拖泵液压系统[J].设计制造,2004(4):84-86
[23]荆宝德等:混凝土泵液压系统几点改进[J].建筑机械,2005(12):97-99
[24]车德宁:蓄能器在液压系统中的应用[J].建筑机械化,2005(2):32-34
[25]傅磊:混凝土泵车液压系统仿真研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2000(1):76-79
[26]魏吉祥等:混凝土泵出口压力的理论探讨与分析[J].建筑机械,2000(11):36-39
[27]姚倩:混凝土泵送压力及其确定[J].建筑机械,1994(9):29-34
[28]陈照弟等:蓄能器对管路系统压力冲击影响的分析研究[J].液压气动与密封,1999(4):25
[29]潘亚东.键合图理论-一种系统动力学方法[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,1900.
[30]李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[31]蔡廷文.液压系统现代建模方法[M],北京:中国标准出版社,2002.12.
[32]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2005.12.
[33]楼顺天,姚若玉,冶继民.基于MATLAB7.x的系统分析设计与设计[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社[M],2005.
[34]张宝书.混凝土输送泵的试验研究[J].建筑机械,1997(9):38-39
[35]伍伟强等.浅析混凝土泵送阻力的影响因素及泵的选型[J].广东土木与建筑,2001(3):17-19
[36]焦生杰.水泥混凝土泵车液压系统测试与冲击研究[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2002(3)
[37]郑钧宜,彭文挥.键图理论在液压控制系统动态仿真中的应用[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1998,20(4):43-45
[38]石红雁,许纯新,付连宇.基于Simulink液压系统动态仿真[J].农业机械学报,2000,31(5):94-96
[39]侯友夫等.Simulink在液压系统仿真中的应用[J].江苏煤炭,2002(1):10-11
[40]李富兴,孙少燕.浅析混凝土输送泵断流的危害和解决办法[J].建筑机械化,2003(5):16
[41]陈再捷.混凝土输送泵技术改造方案及实施[J].建筑机械化,2003(10):27-28
[42]Concrete Pump reaches a conveying distance of 4300 m,World Pumps,1997
[43]R.C.Rosenberg,D.C.Kamopp.Introduction to Physical System Dynaimcs.Mc.Graw-Hill,New York.1983
[44]W.Backe,W.Hoffmann.DSH-Program System for Digital Simulation of Systems.The 6th International Fluid Power Sysposium,1981
[45]Modern pump-design software systems offer an integrated process with fluid dynamics,World Pumps,2001
[46]D.C.Karnopp,D.L.Margolis and R.C.Rosenberg System Dynamics Mc Graw-Hill,New York,1983
[47]Lambeek R P.Hydraulic Pumps and Motor:Selection and Application for Hydraulic power Control System.New York:Marcel Deker Inc.1983
[48]Thomas,Philippe,System design through Matlab,control toolbox and SIMULINK,Automatic,2002
[49]Pumping 60%solid matter in concrete,World Pumps,2001
[50]Proverbs,D.G.Olomolaiye,P.O,Harris,F.C,An Evaluation of Transportation Systems for High Rise Concrete Construction,Building and Environment,1996