内燃—直线发电集成动力系统中自由活塞发动机空燃比与点火时刻的控制
|
摘要
随着能源形势的急剧变化和污染问题的日益严重,全球能源问题和汽车排放问题越来越受到国际社会的广泛关注。在能源结构变化和环境保护双重呼唤下,内燃一直线发电集成动力系统应运而生,它本身所具有的特点能够实现汽车的节能环保,可以作为下一代混合动力车辆的动力源。
本论文依据系统中自由活塞发动机对控制系统的实时性要求和适用原则,主要完成了下述研究工作:
研发了自由活塞发动机样机的喷油模块和点火模块及其控制器,主要包括ECU及其附属电路、各传感器信号采集处理电路、喷油模块及点火模块电路设计。
设计开发了喷油器流量特性测试装置及测控界面,测定了不同燃油的电控喷油器流量特性,通过修正非线性段的流量值,在喷油器动态流量范围内,给出了指定脉宽下的喷油量计算公式。
研究了自由活塞发动机稀薄燃烧控制策略,采用缸内燃烧压力传感器检测燃烧压力信息,通过软计算控制方法,设计了虚拟氧传感器,利用其对空燃比进行调节,控制自由活塞发动机的燃烧过程,达到减少污染和节约能源的双重目的。
设计了点火时刻控制方案并对其进行了仿真计算,在点火时刻控制策略中应用缸内燃烧压力信息和活塞位移信号计算发动机指示功,实时修正发动机点火时刻。仿真结果表明了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。
With the rapidly changing energy situation and the increasingly serious pollution problems, the global energy and automotive emissions were aroused wide attention by the international community increasingly. At the pressure of energy consumption structure and environmental protection, Internal Combustion Linear Generator Integrated Power System comes into being. It can achieve energy conservation and environmental protection because of itself characteristics, and it will be the source of power of the next generation hybrid vehicle.
This thesis mainly achieved the following research work depending on the real time request and practicability of the free-piston engine control system.
The injecting module, ignition timing module and the controller of theirs were designed. It mainly comprises the peripheral circuits of ECU, signal acquisition and processing circuit of the sensors, circuit of the injecting module and the ignition timing module.
The flow characteristic of the electronic controlled injector testing equipment and control devices interface were designed and development. Different electronically controlled fuel injector flow characteristics were tested, through the amendment of the non-linear flow of the fuel injector within the framework of dynamic flow, the calculation formula was given the designation Injector pulse width of the calculation formula.
The free-piston engine control strategy of lean combustion was researched. Virtual Lambda Sensor was designed, which can adjust the Air-Fuel ratio of engine. It be realized by soft computing, which is gained from the combustion pressure sensor. The Virtual Lambda Sensor can control the combustion process. So that can realize the dual-purpose of reducing the environmental pollution and conserving the energy.
The control strategy of the Ignition Timing and emulates the method were designed. The control strategy makes use of the in-cylinder and the displacement sensor signals for computing the indicated work of engine, which can control the real time ignition timing. The result of emulation proves the method is feasibility and effective.
本论文依据系统中自由活塞发动机对控制系统的实时性要求和适用原则,主要完成了下述研究工作:
研发了自由活塞发动机样机的喷油模块和点火模块及其控制器,主要包括ECU及其附属电路、各传感器信号采集处理电路、喷油模块及点火模块电路设计。
设计开发了喷油器流量特性测试装置及测控界面,测定了不同燃油的电控喷油器流量特性,通过修正非线性段的流量值,在喷油器动态流量范围内,给出了指定脉宽下的喷油量计算公式。
研究了自由活塞发动机稀薄燃烧控制策略,采用缸内燃烧压力传感器检测燃烧压力信息,通过软计算控制方法,设计了虚拟氧传感器,利用其对空燃比进行调节,控制自由活塞发动机的燃烧过程,达到减少污染和节约能源的双重目的。
设计了点火时刻控制方案并对其进行了仿真计算,在点火时刻控制策略中应用缸内燃烧压力信息和活塞位移信号计算发动机指示功,实时修正发动机点火时刻。仿真结果表明了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。
With the rapidly changing energy situation and the increasingly serious pollution problems, the global energy and automotive emissions were aroused wide attention by the international community increasingly. At the pressure of energy consumption structure and environmental protection, Internal Combustion Linear Generator Integrated Power System comes into being. It can achieve energy conservation and environmental protection because of itself characteristics, and it will be the source of power of the next generation hybrid vehicle.
This thesis mainly achieved the following research work depending on the real time request and practicability of the free-piston engine control system.
The injecting module, ignition timing module and the controller of theirs were designed. It mainly comprises the peripheral circuits of ECU, signal acquisition and processing circuit of the sensors, circuit of the injecting module and the ignition timing module.
The flow characteristic of the electronic controlled injector testing equipment and control devices interface were designed and development. Different electronically controlled fuel injector flow characteristics were tested, through the amendment of the non-linear flow of the fuel injector within the framework of dynamic flow, the calculation formula was given the designation Injector pulse width of the calculation formula.
The free-piston engine control strategy of lean combustion was researched. Virtual Lambda Sensor was designed, which can adjust the Air-Fuel ratio of engine. It be realized by soft computing, which is gained from the combustion pressure sensor. The Virtual Lambda Sensor can control the combustion process. So that can realize the dual-purpose of reducing the environmental pollution and conserving the energy.
The control strategy of the Ignition Timing and emulates the method were designed. The control strategy makes use of the in-cylinder and the displacement sensor signals for computing the indicated work of engine, which can control the real time ignition timing. The result of emulation proves the method is feasibility and effective.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006年-2020年)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm,2006-02-09.
[2]常思勤,徐照平.内燃-直线发电集成动力系统.中国,2007 10019410.O[P].2007-01-22.
[3]常思勤,徐照平.内燃-直线发电集成动力系统的概念设计[J].南京理工大学学报,2008,32(4).
[4]邹华.电控汽油机控制策略分析与研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[5]裴元江.电控汽油机针对欧Ⅲ排放的燃油控制策略研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[6]F.Taglialatela,N.Cesario and M.Lavorgna.Soft Computing Mass Air Flow Estimator for a Single-cylinder SI Engine[C],SAE,Paper No.2006-01-0010,2006.
[7]杜爱月,段翊冰,李令举.汽车电子化的发展趋势[J].汽车电器,2003(1):1-3.
[8]龚进峰,袁大宏.浅谈我国汽车电子产业现状及发展建议[J].汽车工程,2004,26(3):363-366.
[9]李国岫,虞育松.电控喷射汽油机瞬态空燃比控制策略的研究[J].车用发动机,2005(1):1-4.
[10]陈渝光,李山,廖仕利,等.采用遗传算法的汽车发动机模糊控制研究[J].汽车工程,2005,27(2):182-185.
[11]张吉礼.模糊-神经网络控制原理与工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004.
[12]刘健.汽油机高能点火试验装置的研究开发[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[13]曾利权,吴义虎.汽油机最高压力所在曲轴角位与点火定时的关系[J].内燃机工程,1990,11(1):8-10.
[14]Paljoo Yoon,Seungbum Pack and Myoungho Sunwoo.Closed-Loop Control of Spark advance and Air Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure[C],SAE,Paper No.2000-01-0933,2000.
[15]Van Blarigan P,Paradiso N,Goldsborough S.Homogeneous charge compression Ignition with a free piston.A New Approach to Ideal Otto Cycle Performance[C].SAE Paper982484,1998.
[16]Johansen T A,Egeland O,Johannessen E A.Free -Piston Diesel Engine Eiming and Control towards electronic cam -and crankshaft[C].IEEE Transl Control Systems Technology 10,177-190.
[17]D.N.Frey,P.Klotsch,and A.Egli.The automotive free-piston-turbine engine[C].SAE Transactions,1957,65:629-634.
[18]Joseph F.Kos.Computer optimized hybrid engine.United States 5002020[P],1991-3-26.
[19]Sorin Petreanu.Conceptual Analysis of a Four-Stroke Linear Engine[D].West Virginnia University,2001.
[20]张亚强,夏必忠,傅新,杨华勇.液压自由活塞发动机点火系统的研制[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2003,32(1):13-15.
[21]闫红力,徐兵,杨华勇.基于DSP的液压自由活塞发动机控制器的设计[J].机床与液压,2006(4):115-117,120.
[22]叶湘滨等.传感器与测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[23]刘波澜,黄英,张付军,等.汽油机电控单元的电磁兼容性设计[J].车用发动机,2002(6):6-9.
[24]刘飞龙,袁大宏,罗峰.发动机电子控制单元硬件抗干扰技术[J].汽车技术,2002(3):9-12.
[25]徐立.汽车电磁干扰及其影响[J].汽车电子应用,2006(2):42-44.
[26]余召锋,徐鸣谦,吴伟.汽车电磁兼容性及其仿真预测技术[J].汽车研究与开发,2003(2):38-41.
[27]段瑞昌,徐国卿,武志红.车用电机驱动器的电磁兼容性设计[J].电工技术,2003(10):40-40.
[28]张海鹏.浅谈电磁兼容[J].工业科技,2007,36(1):44,63.
[29]王绍铣,夏群生等.汽车电子学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30]蔡仁钢.电磁兼容原理、设计和预测技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[31]王旭东.汽车电子控制装置与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[32]赵鲁建.MOS管继电器应用探讨[J].汽车电器,2007(9):12-13.
[33]欧阳烨,李凌川,徐元森,甘俊仁.汽车发动机喷油器的驱动控制电路[J].汽车电器,1999(4):5-9.
[34]郑翔鲲,周德全.电喷发动机燃油泵电路与喷油器电路控制原理[M].汽车电器,2006.
[35]肖琼,颜伏伍,邹华.电控喷油器喷雾测试系统开发及应用[J].汽车工程,2006, 28(3):235-235.
[36]肖琼,颜伏伍等.电控喷油器流量特性试验台的开发与试验分析[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(16):1419-1422.
[37]常思勤.汽车动力装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2006.
[38]David J.Stroh and Matthew A.Franchek.Eliminating Map from Engine Fueling Control Algorithms[C],SAE,Paper No.2001-01-0259,2001.
[39]全国汽车维修专项技能认证技术支持中心编写组.发动机性能[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
[40]冯崇毅,鲁植雄,何丹娅.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[41]Ibrahim Haskara,Guoming G.Zhu and Jim Winkelman.IC Engine Retard Ignition Timing Lim-it Detection and Control using In-cylinder Ionization Signal[C].SAE,Paper,No.2004-01-2977,2004.
[42]Michael H.Shelby,Robert A.Stein and Christopher C.Warren.A New Analysis Method for Accounting of IC Engine Pumping Work and Indicated Work,SAE,Paper[C],No.2004-01-1262,2004.
[43]卫海桥,舒歌群.内燃机缸内压力与燃烧噪声[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(1):56-61.
[44]张智星,张春在,(日)水谷英二.神经-模糊与软计算[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[45](美)哈根.神经网络设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[46]N.Cesario,F.taglialatela and M.Lavorgna.S1 Engine Control Applications Based On In-Cylinder Pressure Signal Processing[C].IEEE 2005.
[47]N.cesario,M.DiMeglio,F.Pirozzi,G.Moselli,F.Taglialatela,F.Carpentieri.Air/Fuel Control System in SI Engines Based on Virtual Lambda Sensor[C],SAE,Paper No.2005-24-058,2005.
[48]苏金明.MATLAB工具箱应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[49]M.Di Meglio and N.Cesario.Realization and performance analysis of m-dimensional data clustering algorithms[C],IASTED 2005 Reviewing.
[50]楼顺天,于卫.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[51]N.cesario,M.DiMeglio,F.Pirozzi.Modeling On-Off Virtual Lambda Sensors Based on Multi-Spread Probabilistic Neural Networks[C].IEEE 2005.
[52]侯志祥,吴义虎,邓华,等.车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比的神经网络控制[J].内燃机工程,2006,27(5):33-36.
[53]Chen S,Cowan F N,Grant P M.Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks[C].IEEE Trans on Neural Networks,1991,2(2):302-307.
[54]阎平凡,等.人工神经网络与模拟进化计算[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[55]李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.
[56]廉小亲.模糊控制技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[57]诸静,等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[58]张化光,等.模糊自适应控制理论及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[59]黄文梅等.系统分析与仿真[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999.
[60]张国良,等.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[61]殷云华,陈闽鄂,郑宾,李彬.基于Matlab的模糊控制器的设计及仿真[J].控制工程,2007,14(5):488-490.
[62]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[63]李宏.电力电子设备器件与集成电路应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[64]吴静波,郭志军,申彦杰.汽油发动机点火系统点火能量研究[J].内燃机,2006(1):17-18,23.
[65]耿聪,刘溧,张欣,等.基于MC9S12微控制器的发动机高能直接点火控制[J].电子技术应用,2004(7):20-23.
[66]庄继德.汽车电子控制系统工程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[67]Frederic A.Matekunas,Paul A.Battiston and Chen-Fang Chang.Cylinder Pressure Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Sensors[C],SAE,Paper No.2000-01-0932.
[68]Zhaoping XU,Siqin CHANG.Internal Combustion Linear Generator Integrated Power System Development for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles[C],International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,November5-7,2007,Wuxi,China.
[69]林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[70]朱访君,吴坚,等.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
[2]常思勤,徐照平.内燃-直线发电集成动力系统.中国,2007 10019410.O[P].2007-01-22.
[3]常思勤,徐照平.内燃-直线发电集成动力系统的概念设计[J].南京理工大学学报,2008,32(4).
[4]邹华.电控汽油机控制策略分析与研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[5]裴元江.电控汽油机针对欧Ⅲ排放的燃油控制策略研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[6]F.Taglialatela,N.Cesario and M.Lavorgna.Soft Computing Mass Air Flow Estimator for a Single-cylinder SI Engine[C],SAE,Paper No.2006-01-0010,2006.
[7]杜爱月,段翊冰,李令举.汽车电子化的发展趋势[J].汽车电器,2003(1):1-3.
[8]龚进峰,袁大宏.浅谈我国汽车电子产业现状及发展建议[J].汽车工程,2004,26(3):363-366.
[9]李国岫,虞育松.电控喷射汽油机瞬态空燃比控制策略的研究[J].车用发动机,2005(1):1-4.
[10]陈渝光,李山,廖仕利,等.采用遗传算法的汽车发动机模糊控制研究[J].汽车工程,2005,27(2):182-185.
[11]张吉礼.模糊-神经网络控制原理与工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004.
[12]刘健.汽油机高能点火试验装置的研究开发[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[13]曾利权,吴义虎.汽油机最高压力所在曲轴角位与点火定时的关系[J].内燃机工程,1990,11(1):8-10.
[14]Paljoo Yoon,Seungbum Pack and Myoungho Sunwoo.Closed-Loop Control of Spark advance and Air Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure[C],SAE,Paper No.2000-01-0933,2000.
[15]Van Blarigan P,Paradiso N,Goldsborough S.Homogeneous charge compression Ignition with a free piston.A New Approach to Ideal Otto Cycle Performance[C].SAE Paper982484,1998.
[16]Johansen T A,Egeland O,Johannessen E A.Free -Piston Diesel Engine Eiming and Control towards electronic cam -and crankshaft[C].IEEE Transl Control Systems Technology 10,177-190.
[17]D.N.Frey,P.Klotsch,and A.Egli.The automotive free-piston-turbine engine[C].SAE Transactions,1957,65:629-634.
[18]Joseph F.Kos.Computer optimized hybrid engine.United States 5002020[P],1991-3-26.
[19]Sorin Petreanu.Conceptual Analysis of a Four-Stroke Linear Engine[D].West Virginnia University,2001.
[20]张亚强,夏必忠,傅新,杨华勇.液压自由活塞发动机点火系统的研制[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2003,32(1):13-15.
[21]闫红力,徐兵,杨华勇.基于DSP的液压自由活塞发动机控制器的设计[J].机床与液压,2006(4):115-117,120.
[22]叶湘滨等.传感器与测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[23]刘波澜,黄英,张付军,等.汽油机电控单元的电磁兼容性设计[J].车用发动机,2002(6):6-9.
[24]刘飞龙,袁大宏,罗峰.发动机电子控制单元硬件抗干扰技术[J].汽车技术,2002(3):9-12.
[25]徐立.汽车电磁干扰及其影响[J].汽车电子应用,2006(2):42-44.
[26]余召锋,徐鸣谦,吴伟.汽车电磁兼容性及其仿真预测技术[J].汽车研究与开发,2003(2):38-41.
[27]段瑞昌,徐国卿,武志红.车用电机驱动器的电磁兼容性设计[J].电工技术,2003(10):40-40.
[28]张海鹏.浅谈电磁兼容[J].工业科技,2007,36(1):44,63.
[29]王绍铣,夏群生等.汽车电子学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30]蔡仁钢.电磁兼容原理、设计和预测技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[31]王旭东.汽车电子控制装置与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[32]赵鲁建.MOS管继电器应用探讨[J].汽车电器,2007(9):12-13.
[33]欧阳烨,李凌川,徐元森,甘俊仁.汽车发动机喷油器的驱动控制电路[J].汽车电器,1999(4):5-9.
[34]郑翔鲲,周德全.电喷发动机燃油泵电路与喷油器电路控制原理[M].汽车电器,2006.
[35]肖琼,颜伏伍,邹华.电控喷油器喷雾测试系统开发及应用[J].汽车工程,2006, 28(3):235-235.
[36]肖琼,颜伏伍等.电控喷油器流量特性试验台的开发与试验分析[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(16):1419-1422.
[37]常思勤.汽车动力装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2006.
[38]David J.Stroh and Matthew A.Franchek.Eliminating Map from Engine Fueling Control Algorithms[C],SAE,Paper No.2001-01-0259,2001.
[39]全国汽车维修专项技能认证技术支持中心编写组.发动机性能[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
[40]冯崇毅,鲁植雄,何丹娅.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[41]Ibrahim Haskara,Guoming G.Zhu and Jim Winkelman.IC Engine Retard Ignition Timing Lim-it Detection and Control using In-cylinder Ionization Signal[C].SAE,Paper,No.2004-01-2977,2004.
[42]Michael H.Shelby,Robert A.Stein and Christopher C.Warren.A New Analysis Method for Accounting of IC Engine Pumping Work and Indicated Work,SAE,Paper[C],No.2004-01-1262,2004.
[43]卫海桥,舒歌群.内燃机缸内压力与燃烧噪声[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(1):56-61.
[44]张智星,张春在,(日)水谷英二.神经-模糊与软计算[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[45](美)哈根.神经网络设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[46]N.Cesario,F.taglialatela and M.Lavorgna.S1 Engine Control Applications Based On In-Cylinder Pressure Signal Processing[C].IEEE 2005.
[47]N.cesario,M.DiMeglio,F.Pirozzi,G.Moselli,F.Taglialatela,F.Carpentieri.Air/Fuel Control System in SI Engines Based on Virtual Lambda Sensor[C],SAE,Paper No.2005-24-058,2005.
[48]苏金明.MATLAB工具箱应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[49]M.Di Meglio and N.Cesario.Realization and performance analysis of m-dimensional data clustering algorithms[C],IASTED 2005 Reviewing.
[50]楼顺天,于卫.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[51]N.cesario,M.DiMeglio,F.Pirozzi.Modeling On-Off Virtual Lambda Sensors Based on Multi-Spread Probabilistic Neural Networks[C].IEEE 2005.
[52]侯志祥,吴义虎,邓华,等.车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比的神经网络控制[J].内燃机工程,2006,27(5):33-36.
[53]Chen S,Cowan F N,Grant P M.Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks[C].IEEE Trans on Neural Networks,1991,2(2):302-307.
[54]阎平凡,等.人工神经网络与模拟进化计算[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[55]李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.
[56]廉小亲.模糊控制技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[57]诸静,等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[58]张化光,等.模糊自适应控制理论及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[59]黄文梅等.系统分析与仿真[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999.
[60]张国良,等.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[61]殷云华,陈闽鄂,郑宾,李彬.基于Matlab的模糊控制器的设计及仿真[J].控制工程,2007,14(5):488-490.
[62]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[63]李宏.电力电子设备器件与集成电路应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[64]吴静波,郭志军,申彦杰.汽油发动机点火系统点火能量研究[J].内燃机,2006(1):17-18,23.
[65]耿聪,刘溧,张欣,等.基于MC9S12微控制器的发动机高能直接点火控制[J].电子技术应用,2004(7):20-23.
[66]庄继德.汽车电子控制系统工程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[67]Frederic A.Matekunas,Paul A.Battiston and Chen-Fang Chang.Cylinder Pressure Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Sensors[C],SAE,Paper No.2000-01-0932.
[68]Zhaoping XU,Siqin CHANG.Internal Combustion Linear Generator Integrated Power System Development for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles[C],International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,November5-7,2007,Wuxi,China.
[69]林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[70]朱访君,吴坚,等.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997.