管内液固循环流化床流动特性研究
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摘要
本文自行设计并建立了一套用于单管液固循环流化床内固体颗粒流动行为研究的实验装置，开发了一套用于测量多相流固体颗粒参数的彩色图像处理和数据采集系统，利用CCD和激光技术，对单管液固循环流化床的流动特性主要是固体颗粒速度和浓度分布进行了研究。利用浓度分布不均匀度的概念，定量地描述浓度分布的不均匀程度；利用Matlab应用程序重建了颗粒浓度和速度的物理场。实验结果表明：当液体流量一定时，颗粒的不均匀度随浓度增加而减小。颗粒在管中浓度分布随两相流的流型变化而变化，在层流区域时，颗粒主要分布在靠近管壁处；而在强烈湍流状态时，颗粒主要分布在管内中心部位。同时对颗粒速度研究表明：在一定液体流量下，颗粒速度随径向位置变化而变化。在层流时，颗粒的径向速度随径向位置的增大而增大；强烈湍流时，颗粒径向速度随径向位置增大的同时产生上下波动。
根据重建的管内颗粒浓度物理场，从两相流的双流体理论出发，建立了颗粒流动模型，用于预测液速、固体颗粒速度、管中径向位置、浓度的相互关系，模型值和实验值吻合较好。
The experiment apparatus to apply to study the flow behavior of solid and liquid circulating fluidization bedvtos designed and built by oneself in this paper. Frame gathering and datum transact apply to measure the particle parameter was exploited .The flow character of solid and liquid circulating fluidization bed was invested by using CCD and laser, including distributing of concentration and velocity, using the concept of unequality degree,describing guantitatively distributing of concentration unequality degree .Physical field of particle concentration and velocity were built through MATLAB program. The experiment result : In some constant flow ,the unequality degree of particle decreases while concentration of particle increases. The concentration of particle in the pipe varie. while flux varie. The distributing of particle in laminar flow was near the pipe's wall.The distributing of particle in overflow is in the center of pipe. The study of axe velocity express :in some flow the velocity of particle varied while radial situation varied In laminar flow ,the particle radial velocity increase while radial situation increase; In onflow ,particle radial velocity produce wave while radial situation varied
According th rebuilt concentration physical field, a two flow model had been proposed to predict connection among liquid velocity ,particle velocity and radial situation and concentration. And the predicted results agree with the experimental data well.
根据重建的管内颗粒浓度物理场，从两相流的双流体理论出发，建立了颗粒流动模型，用于预测液速、固体颗粒速度、管中径向位置、浓度的相互关系，模型值和实验值吻合较好。
The experiment apparatus to apply to study the flow behavior of solid and liquid circulating fluidization bedvtos designed and built by oneself in this paper. Frame gathering and datum transact apply to measure the particle parameter was exploited .The flow character of solid and liquid circulating fluidization bed was invested by using CCD and laser, including distributing of concentration and velocity, using the concept of unequality degree,describing guantitatively distributing of concentration unequality degree .Physical field of particle concentration and velocity were built through MATLAB program. The experiment result : In some constant flow ,the unequality degree of particle decreases while concentration of particle increases. The concentration of particle in the pipe varie. while flux varie. The distributing of particle in laminar flow was near the pipe's wall.The distributing of particle in overflow is in the center of pipe. The study of axe velocity express :in some flow the velocity of particle varied while radial situation varied In laminar flow ,the particle radial velocity increase while radial situation increase; In onflow ,particle radial velocity produce wave while radial situation varied
According th rebuilt concentration physical field, a two flow model had been proposed to predict connection among liquid velocity ,particle velocity and radial situation and concentration. And the predicted results agree with the experimental data well.
引文
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[2]R.Steinhagen,H.M. Steinhagan and K.Maani,Problems and Costs due to Heat Exchanger Fouling in New Zealangindustries. Heat TRansfer Engineeing, 14(1), 1993.
[3]Klaren D G ,Bailie R E. The non-fouling fluized bed heat exchager .National Heat Transfer Conference HID vol 108 ,Heat Transfer Equipment Flundaments,Design ,Application and Operating Problems. 1989: 273-279.
[4]Kollbach J St ,Dahm W Rautenbach R. Continuous cleaning of heat exchanger with recirculations fluidized bed .Heat Transfer Engineerning, 1987,8(4): 26-34.
[5]李修伦，刘绍从，谷俊杰等。气固液三相流化床沸腾传热的研究。化工学报，1993，44(2)：224～279。
[6]张利斌。汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热的研究[硕士学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1996。
[7]朱冬生，卜穗安，谭盈科。管式换热器的防垢强化换热技术。海湖盐与化工。1990，23(5)：20-24。
[8]C.A.Allen. E.S.Grimment. Liquid-Fluidizid-Bed Heat Exchanger Design parameters. Department of Energy ,Idaho Operation office ,Under Contrast ,(4)1570(1978).
[9]J.F. Richardson,W.N.Zaki.Sedimentation.and.Fluidation:Part,Ⅰ,Trans.Instn.Chem. Engis. Technol ogy, 1975.
[10]Veenman A W. A Review of New Development in Desalination by Distillation Process. Desalination, 1978,27:21-39.
[11]Rautenbach R ,Erdmann C,Kollbach J St. The Fluidized Bed Techique in the Evaporation of Wastewate with Severe Fouling Scaling Potential-Lastest Developments Limaitations Desalination. 1991,81,(1-3):285-298.
[12]Kollbach J.St.W. Dahm and R.Rautenbach. Continuous cleaning of heat, exchanger with recirculating fluidized bed ,Heat Transfer Engineering,8(4):26～32(1987).
[13]J.St. Kollbach,R.Rautenbach. The Fluidized Bed Technique in the Evapration of wastewater with severe Fouling/Scaling Potential Development,Application,Limitations Desalination. 81(1～3):285～298(1991).
[14]Rautenbach R,erdmann C,Kolbach J.St.. The fluidized bed technique in the evaporation of wasters with severe fouling /scaling potential-lasted developments ,applications limitations. Desalination, 1991,81:285～298.
[15]Klaren D G. Appaatatus for carrying out a phsical and/or chemical process ,such as a heat exchanger. PCT, W094/24507, 1994-10-27。
[16]Klaren D G.bailie R.E. The non-fouling fluidized bed heat exchanger National Heat Transfer Conference HTD vol 108,Heat Transfer Equipment Flundamentals ,Design,Application and Operating Problems. 1998:273～279.
[17]林宗虎。强化传热及工程应用。1985：153～154
[18]Jone S W. Ph.D.Dissertation, Northwestern University ,Evastion I.L, 1982.
[19]Chuach Y K ,Carey V P. Boiling Heat Transfer in a Shallow Fluidized Particles Bed.J.Heat Transfer, 1987,(109):196～203.
[20]Yang Yuming, Maa Jerru .Boiling Heat Transfer in a Shallow Fluidized Particles Bed.J.Heat transfer ,1992,1(1): 41～45.
[21]李修伦，闻建平。三相沸腾传热，高校化工学报。1995，9(4)：326～331。
[22]李修伦，闻建平。垂直管内三项流化床沸腾传热特性。化学工程，1995，23(4)：50～53。
[23]闻建平。汽液固三相流化床沸腾换热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1992，(5)。
[24]张利斌。汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1996。
[25]李秀伦。新型汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器性能研究[学位论文]。天津大学化工系，1998。
[26]刘绍丛。汽液固三相流化床沸腾传热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1991，5。
[27]翁大聪，韩宇，程林娜。外循环流化床生物反应器的流动及发酵特性。化工冶金，1992，13(4)：325～330。
[28]梁五更，张书良等。液固循环流化床的研究(Ⅰ)。化工学报，1993，44(6)：667～671。
[29]梁五更，张书良等。液固循环流化床的研究(Ⅱ)。化工学报，1993，44(7)：672～676。
[30]贾丽云。液固循环流化床和流化床换热器流动特性的研究。硕士学位论文，天津大学化工学院，1998
[31]林宗虎。气液固多相流测量，中国计量出版社，北京(1998)。
[32]李效贤。超声多普勒流量计在固液两相流测量与应用。水泵技术。2000，5，35～37．
[33]崔学雷。超声波流量计的应用及工程设计。仪表与测控。2000，2 22～24。
[34]DDF4088 Series Digital Doppler Ultrasonic Flowmeter 说明书。
[35]P. Zehner, et,al. Chem. Eng,Sci,51(10):1735,1996.
[36]H.Takeuchi,T, Kirama. Flow Visualization in the Riser of A circulating fluidized bed Technology Ⅲ,oxford:Pergamon Press: 1990: 177-182.
[37]Z.B.Gavic,D.V. Vukovic and F.K.Zadanski. Tracer Partice movement in A Two Dimensional Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds. Chem. Eng. Sci47(13～14):3615～3622(1992).
[38]吴志军等。粒子图像速度场仪(PIV)成像系统开发。吉林工业大学自然科学学报。1999，95(29)6～11。
[39]Wethers J,Hartge E U,rensner D. Measurement technique for gas-solid fluidized-bed reactors,International Chemical Engineering, 1990,62:199～201.
[40]范维成等。流动与燃烧的模型与计算。合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社。1992。
[41]陶文铨。数值传热学。西安：西安交通大学出版社(1998)。
[42]Patrick J Roache. .Computational Fluid Dynamics. Hermasa Publishers, 1976.
[43]Splading ,D.B.,Numberical computation of multi-phase fluid flow and heat trasfer ,In:Recent, Advance in Numverical Mechanics ,Taylor C,Editor, Swansea:Pineridge Press(1980)
[44]Gosman ,A.D.and..F.J.K.Ideriah,Teach-2E.Internal Report,Mech. Eng. Dept.,lmperial College(1976).
[45]Gosman.A.D.et al.,Flow-3D.Internal Report,Mech. Eng. Dept.,Imperial College(1976)
[46]Fluent Inc., "Fluent User' s Guide", Version4.3(1995).
[47]周力行。湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟。北京：清华大学出版社，1991。
[48]杨延相等。粒子图像测速技术在内燃机缸内流场研究中的应用。工程热物理学报，18(6)1997：764-768。
[49]孙小红等。用PIV技术处理水槽中的流场。量子电子学报。1998，15(5)495～499。
[50]MATALB5.3 实用教程。王炳武等。中国水利水电出版社，2000。
[51]潘国昌，郭庆丰，杨柏极。填料塔进料气体分布器的研究。炼油设计，1995,25,(2)：28～32。
[52]姚玉英等。化工原理。天津大学化工原理教研室。天津：天津科学技术出版社，1997，5。
[53]刘中良。管内竖直向上固液两相流固相非均匀分布及其机理分析。石油大学学报，1997，(10)：56-60。
[54]金涌，祝京旭等。流态化工程原理，清华大学出版社。2001，8：480。
[55]刘吉普。垂直管内液固并流向上传热特性的研究及其应用。化工机械 1998，(4)：219-221。
[56]郭慕孙，庄一安。流态化-垂直系统中均匀球体和流体的运动，北京：科学出版社，1963：35～53。
[57]刘中良。管内颗粒在竖直向上管内流场中的运动规律。石油大学学报 1998，22，(4)：79～83。
[58]Grabavcic Z B,Garic R V, Vukovic D V, et,al. Hydrodynamic modeling of vertical liquid-solid. Powder Technology, 1992,72:183～191.
[59]刘大有。二相流体动力学。北京：高等教育出版社。1993，427～437。
[60]王绍亭。动量、热量、质量传递。天津科学技术出版社，1986：144。
[61]Bird R B,Stewart W E ,Lightfoot E N T. Transport Phenomena .Now York :wiley press, 1960..
[2]R.Steinhagen,H.M. Steinhagan and K.Maani,Problems and Costs due to Heat Exchanger Fouling in New Zealangindustries. Heat TRansfer Engineeing, 14(1), 1993.
[3]Klaren D G ,Bailie R E. The non-fouling fluized bed heat exchager .National Heat Transfer Conference HID vol 108 ,Heat Transfer Equipment Flundaments,Design ,Application and Operating Problems. 1989: 273-279.
[4]Kollbach J St ,Dahm W Rautenbach R. Continuous cleaning of heat exchanger with recirculations fluidized bed .Heat Transfer Engineerning, 1987,8(4): 26-34.
[5]李修伦，刘绍从，谷俊杰等。气固液三相流化床沸腾传热的研究。化工学报，1993，44(2)：224～279。
[6]张利斌。汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热的研究[硕士学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1996。
[7]朱冬生，卜穗安，谭盈科。管式换热器的防垢强化换热技术。海湖盐与化工。1990，23(5)：20-24。
[8]C.A.Allen. E.S.Grimment. Liquid-Fluidizid-Bed Heat Exchanger Design parameters. Department of Energy ,Idaho Operation office ,Under Contrast ,(4)1570(1978).
[9]J.F. Richardson,W.N.Zaki.Sedimentation.and.Fluidation:Part,Ⅰ,Trans.Instn.Chem. Engis. Technol ogy, 1975.
[10]Veenman A W. A Review of New Development in Desalination by Distillation Process. Desalination, 1978,27:21-39.
[11]Rautenbach R ,Erdmann C,Kollbach J St. The Fluidized Bed Techique in the Evaporation of Wastewate with Severe Fouling Scaling Potential-Lastest Developments Limaitations Desalination. 1991,81,(1-3):285-298.
[12]Kollbach J.St.W. Dahm and R.Rautenbach. Continuous cleaning of heat, exchanger with recirculating fluidized bed ,Heat Transfer Engineering,8(4):26～32(1987).
[13]J.St. Kollbach,R.Rautenbach. The Fluidized Bed Technique in the Evapration of wastewater with severe Fouling/Scaling Potential Development,Application,Limitations Desalination. 81(1～3):285～298(1991).
[14]Rautenbach R,erdmann C,Kolbach J.St.. The fluidized bed technique in the evaporation of wasters with severe fouling /scaling potential-lasted developments ,applications limitations. Desalination, 1991,81:285～298.
[15]Klaren D G. Appaatatus for carrying out a phsical and/or chemical process ,such as a heat exchanger. PCT, W094/24507, 1994-10-27。
[16]Klaren D G.bailie R.E. The non-fouling fluidized bed heat exchanger National Heat Transfer Conference HTD vol 108,Heat Transfer Equipment Flundamentals ,Design,Application and Operating Problems. 1998:273～279.
[17]林宗虎。强化传热及工程应用。1985：153～154
[18]Jone S W. Ph.D.Dissertation, Northwestern University ,Evastion I.L, 1982.
[19]Chuach Y K ,Carey V P. Boiling Heat Transfer in a Shallow Fluidized Particles Bed.J.Heat Transfer, 1987,(109):196～203.
[20]Yang Yuming, Maa Jerru .Boiling Heat Transfer in a Shallow Fluidized Particles Bed.J.Heat transfer ,1992,1(1): 41～45.
[21]李修伦，闻建平。三相沸腾传热，高校化工学报。1995，9(4)：326～331。
[22]李修伦，闻建平。垂直管内三项流化床沸腾传热特性。化学工程，1995，23(4)：50～53。
[23]闻建平。汽液固三相流化床沸腾换热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1992，(5)。
[24]张利斌。汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1996。
[25]李秀伦。新型汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器性能研究[学位论文]。天津大学化工系，1998。
[26]刘绍丛。汽液固三相流化床沸腾传热的研究[学位论文]。天津：天津大学化工系，1991，5。
[27]翁大聪，韩宇，程林娜。外循环流化床生物反应器的流动及发酵特性。化工冶金，1992，13(4)：325～330。
[28]梁五更，张书良等。液固循环流化床的研究(Ⅰ)。化工学报，1993，44(6)：667～671。
[29]梁五更，张书良等。液固循环流化床的研究(Ⅱ)。化工学报，1993，44(7)：672～676。
[30]贾丽云。液固循环流化床和流化床换热器流动特性的研究。硕士学位论文，天津大学化工学院，1998
[31]林宗虎。气液固多相流测量，中国计量出版社，北京(1998)。
[32]李效贤。超声多普勒流量计在固液两相流测量与应用。水泵技术。2000，5，35～37．
[33]崔学雷。超声波流量计的应用及工程设计。仪表与测控。2000，2 22～24。
[34]DDF4088 Series Digital Doppler Ultrasonic Flowmeter 说明书。
[35]P. Zehner, et,al. Chem. Eng,Sci,51(10):1735,1996.
[36]H.Takeuchi,T, Kirama. Flow Visualization in the Riser of A circulating fluidized bed Technology Ⅲ,oxford:Pergamon Press: 1990: 177-182.
[37]Z.B.Gavic,D.V. Vukovic and F.K.Zadanski. Tracer Partice movement in A Two Dimensional Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds. Chem. Eng. Sci47(13～14):3615～3622(1992).
[38]吴志军等。粒子图像速度场仪(PIV)成像系统开发。吉林工业大学自然科学学报。1999，95(29)6～11。
[39]Wethers J,Hartge E U,rensner D. Measurement technique for gas-solid fluidized-bed reactors,International Chemical Engineering, 1990,62:199～201.
[40]范维成等。流动与燃烧的模型与计算。合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社。1992。
[41]陶文铨。数值传热学。西安：西安交通大学出版社(1998)。
[42]Patrick J Roache. .Computational Fluid Dynamics. Hermasa Publishers, 1976.
[43]Splading ,D.B.,Numberical computation of multi-phase fluid flow and heat trasfer ,In:Recent, Advance in Numverical Mechanics ,Taylor C,Editor, Swansea:Pineridge Press(1980)
[44]Gosman ,A.D.and..F.J.K.Ideriah,Teach-2E.Internal Report,Mech. Eng. Dept.,lmperial College(1976).
[45]Gosman.A.D.et al.,Flow-3D.Internal Report,Mech. Eng. Dept.,Imperial College(1976)
[46]Fluent Inc., "Fluent User' s Guide", Version4.3(1995).
[47]周力行。湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟。北京：清华大学出版社，1991。
[48]杨延相等。粒子图像测速技术在内燃机缸内流场研究中的应用。工程热物理学报，18(6)1997：764-768。
[49]孙小红等。用PIV技术处理水槽中的流场。量子电子学报。1998，15(5)495～499。
[50]MATALB5.3 实用教程。王炳武等。中国水利水电出版社，2000。
[51]潘国昌，郭庆丰，杨柏极。填料塔进料气体分布器的研究。炼油设计，1995,25,(2)：28～32。
[52]姚玉英等。化工原理。天津大学化工原理教研室。天津：天津科学技术出版社，1997，5。
[53]刘中良。管内竖直向上固液两相流固相非均匀分布及其机理分析。石油大学学报，1997，(10)：56-60。
[54]金涌，祝京旭等。流态化工程原理，清华大学出版社。2001，8：480。
[55]刘吉普。垂直管内液固并流向上传热特性的研究及其应用。化工机械 1998，(4)：219-221。
[56]郭慕孙，庄一安。流态化-垂直系统中均匀球体和流体的运动，北京：科学出版社，1963：35～53。
[57]刘中良。管内颗粒在竖直向上管内流场中的运动规律。石油大学学报 1998，22，(4)：79～83。
[58]Grabavcic Z B,Garic R V, Vukovic D V, et,al. Hydrodynamic modeling of vertical liquid-solid. Powder Technology, 1992,72:183～191.
[59]刘大有。二相流体动力学。北京：高等教育出版社。1993，427～437。
[60]王绍亭。动量、热量、质量传递。天津科学技术出版社，1986：144。
[61]Bird R B,Stewart W E ,Lightfoot E N T. Transport Phenomena .Now York :wiley press, 1960..