强流氘氚中子发生器直流束线与氚靶系统关键技术研究
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摘要
氘氚中子发生器是一种加速器型氘氚聚变中子源,所产生的14MeV准单能中子束可在以聚变堆和快中子反应堆为代表的先进核能系统研究、以中子照相和中子治癌为代表的核技术应用研究及国防竣工基础研究等领域发挥重要作用。本文在广泛调研和深入分析国内外强流氘氚中子发生器及氚靶系统发展现状的基础上,针对中国科学院核能安全技术研究所直流/脉冲两用型强流氘氚中子发生器HINEG(Highly Intensified Neutron Generator)项目中直流束传输系统和氚靶系统设计中的关键技术问题展开研究,完成了HINEG直流束传输系统的总体方案设计,并利用TRANSPORT程序进行了系统束流光学计算与分析,完成了直流束传输系统中关键传输元件螺线管透镜、加速管和三单元磁四极透镜的初步设计和计算分析。计算结果表明,本文所完成的直流束传输系统的设计方案,可满足HINEG中子发生器直流中子强度3×1013n/s的设计要求。
同时,本文开展了强流中子发生器氚靶系统的设计研究工作,完成了固定氚靶和旋转氚靶系统的方案设计,利用ANSYS程序开展了氚靶系统的机械应力计算和传热分析,并且利用MCNP程序对所设计固定氚靶和旋转氚靶的出射中子能谱和通量进行了计算分析,通过对计算结果的综合分析研究表明：
(1)在旋转靶系统中,采用靶片高速旋转同时靶片底衬直接喷射冷却水的技术方案,可以较好的解决氚靶靶片在强流离子束轰击下的传热问题,使靶片在承载热功率密度达到～12kW/cm2时,靶点处温度保持在200℃左右,预计中子强度可达～6×l012n/s量级：
(2)靶片转轴采用磁流体密封的动密封技术方案,可确保氚靶靶片在以～1000rpm的转速高速旋转时,靶室内的真空度保持在10-3Pa水平,满足系统对于强流离子束传输的真空度要求；
(3)MCNP计算结果显示,在旋转靶的真空靶室外部空间沿氘离子入射方向1cm处,能量大于10MeV以上的中子占总数的91%以上,表明旋转靶方案中靶室结构和冷却水层厚度的设计比较合理,设计方案基本满足中子学的要求。
本文所完成的强流氘氚中子发生器直流束传输系统和氚靶系统的方案设计及相关计算分析,将为HINEG强流中子发生器下一步的工程实施和氚靶系统的加工制造,提供准确可靠的物理设计基础。同时,也可为同类型强流氘氚中子发生器的设计与研制工作提供有益的借鉴和参考。
The D-T neutron generator is an aecelerator-based D-T fusion neutron source which can produce14MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutrons. It played an important role in the study of advanced nuclear energy technology such as the fusion reactor and fast reactor. Meanwhile it can be widely used in the fundamental research of national defense and the nuclear technology applications such as neutron radiography and neutron cancer therapy. On the background mentioned aboved, the HINEG (Highly Intensified Neutron Generator) was planned to build by Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of China Academy of Sciences. Based on the wide investigation and analysis of existing intense D-T neutron generators, key technologies for steady beam transport system and rotating target design of the HINEG were studied in this paper. Then the layout design of steady beam transport system of the HINEG was completed and the beam envelop was calculated by employing TRANSPORT simulation software. Then design analysis of the critical components for the beam transport system including the solenoid lens, the acceleration tube and the triple magnetic quadrupole-lens was completed. The results of beam optics calculation confirmed that design index which the steady neutron source strength of HINEG reaching3x1013n/s was realized by the beam transport system.
The design of tritium target of the HINEG was studied subsequently. Then the structure design of fixed and rotating tritium target system for the HINEG was conducted. And calculation and analysis of the mechanical stress, heat transfer and neutronics for the tritium target were finished. Based on the work above, three conclusions were found as follow:
(1) The technical scheme of high-speed rotating target with direct injection of cooling water can solve the problem of heat transfer for the tritium target under the intense ion beam bombardment. The simulation showed the highest heat power density on the beam spot of the target disk would be about12kW/cm2when its highest temperature was about200℃. Then the neutron intensity under this condition was expected to reach6×10l2n/s as a result.
(2) Benefiting from the application of magnetic fluid seal technology, vacuum degree of rotating target chamber would maintain at10-3Pa level when the disk was rotating at about1000revolutions per minute.
(3) The results of MCNP simulation displayed that along the deuterium ions incident direction,91%of total neutrons had the energy above10MeV at the position where1cm distant from target chamber. It confirmed that the design thickness of target structure material and cooling water layer was feasible and the structure design of tritium target system conformed to the neutronics requirements.
The design and analysis which had been completed by the study mentioned above will provide a right and reasonable physical foundation for the engineering implement of HINEG and the building of tritium target system. Meanwhile it will provide a significant reference for the design and development of other accelerator-based type intense neutron generators.
同时,本文开展了强流中子发生器氚靶系统的设计研究工作,完成了固定氚靶和旋转氚靶系统的方案设计,利用ANSYS程序开展了氚靶系统的机械应力计算和传热分析,并且利用MCNP程序对所设计固定氚靶和旋转氚靶的出射中子能谱和通量进行了计算分析,通过对计算结果的综合分析研究表明：
(1)在旋转靶系统中,采用靶片高速旋转同时靶片底衬直接喷射冷却水的技术方案,可以较好的解决氚靶靶片在强流离子束轰击下的传热问题,使靶片在承载热功率密度达到～12kW/cm2时,靶点处温度保持在200℃左右,预计中子强度可达～6×l012n/s量级：
(2)靶片转轴采用磁流体密封的动密封技术方案,可确保氚靶靶片在以～1000rpm的转速高速旋转时,靶室内的真空度保持在10-3Pa水平,满足系统对于强流离子束传输的真空度要求；
(3)MCNP计算结果显示,在旋转靶的真空靶室外部空间沿氘离子入射方向1cm处,能量大于10MeV以上的中子占总数的91%以上,表明旋转靶方案中靶室结构和冷却水层厚度的设计比较合理,设计方案基本满足中子学的要求。
本文所完成的强流氘氚中子发生器直流束传输系统和氚靶系统的方案设计及相关计算分析,将为HINEG强流中子发生器下一步的工程实施和氚靶系统的加工制造,提供准确可靠的物理设计基础。同时,也可为同类型强流氘氚中子发生器的设计与研制工作提供有益的借鉴和参考。
The D-T neutron generator is an aecelerator-based D-T fusion neutron source which can produce14MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutrons. It played an important role in the study of advanced nuclear energy technology such as the fusion reactor and fast reactor. Meanwhile it can be widely used in the fundamental research of national defense and the nuclear technology applications such as neutron radiography and neutron cancer therapy. On the background mentioned aboved, the HINEG (Highly Intensified Neutron Generator) was planned to build by Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology of China Academy of Sciences. Based on the wide investigation and analysis of existing intense D-T neutron generators, key technologies for steady beam transport system and rotating target design of the HINEG were studied in this paper. Then the layout design of steady beam transport system of the HINEG was completed and the beam envelop was calculated by employing TRANSPORT simulation software. Then design analysis of the critical components for the beam transport system including the solenoid lens, the acceleration tube and the triple magnetic quadrupole-lens was completed. The results of beam optics calculation confirmed that design index which the steady neutron source strength of HINEG reaching3x1013n/s was realized by the beam transport system.
The design of tritium target of the HINEG was studied subsequently. Then the structure design of fixed and rotating tritium target system for the HINEG was conducted. And calculation and analysis of the mechanical stress, heat transfer and neutronics for the tritium target were finished. Based on the work above, three conclusions were found as follow:
(1) The technical scheme of high-speed rotating target with direct injection of cooling water can solve the problem of heat transfer for the tritium target under the intense ion beam bombardment. The simulation showed the highest heat power density on the beam spot of the target disk would be about12kW/cm2when its highest temperature was about200℃. Then the neutron intensity under this condition was expected to reach6×10l2n/s as a result.
(2) Benefiting from the application of magnetic fluid seal technology, vacuum degree of rotating target chamber would maintain at10-3Pa level when the disk was rotating at about1000revolutions per minute.
(3) The results of MCNP simulation displayed that along the deuterium ions incident direction,91%of total neutrons had the energy above10MeV at the position where1cm distant from target chamber. It confirmed that the design thickness of target structure material and cooling water layer was feasible and the structure design of tritium target system conformed to the neutronics requirements.
The design and analysis which had been completed by the study mentioned above will provide a right and reasonable physical foundation for the engineering implement of HINEG and the building of tritium target system. Meanwhile it will provide a significant reference for the design and development of other accelerator-based type intense neutron generators.
引文
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