新型低活化马氏体钢的研究
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摘要
聚变堆用结构材料是聚变能能否实现商业化应用的关键之一,国际上给予了高度重视,许多国家都在研发其特有材料。其中低活化铁素体/马氏体钢(Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic steels,简称RAFM)被普遍认为是未来聚变示范堆和聚变动力堆的首选结构材料,其中以F82H, Eurofer97等最具代表性。我国于2001年开始了相应的研究,研制出了拥有自主知识产权的核聚变用钢—CLAM钢。
本课题的主要内容是研究热处理对用真空感应熔炼+电渣重熔工艺熔炼的两种新型RAFM钢力学性能的影响,分析组织与性能的变化。
首先,本课题研究了热处理工艺对两种新型RAFM钢的影响,包括淬火温度、回火温度、回火时间、回火后冷却介质和二次淬火与回火等因素对材料微观组织、力学性能的影响,从而探索最佳的热处理工艺,充分提高材料的强度和塑性,达到强度和塑性的最佳配合。研究表明,最佳热处理工艺为采用980℃保温0.5h水淬,然后采用760℃保温2h空冷回火,且9Cr0.11V钢性能优于9Cr0.08V钢。最佳的综合力学性能为抗拉强度699MPa,延伸率31%,断面收缩率69%。
其次,评价了新型RAFM钢中非金属夹杂的种类和含量,用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法分析了组织和性能的影响因素,得出采用电渣重熔工艺熔炼的新型RAFM钢中各类非金属夹杂含量很少,且分布较均匀。经过热处理后的新型RAFM钢组织为回火马氏体,位错和碳氮化物是增强其力学性能的主要因素,其中碳化物主要为M23C6型,经过EDX分析得出具体的组成为(Cr_(0.75)Mn_(0.02)W_(0.23))23C6,同时还有少量六方晶系的Cr_7C_3、Mn_7C_3和正方晶系的Fe_3C、Mn_3C、Cr_3C_2型碳化物的存在。
The structural materials of Fusion reactor is one of the keys for whether a fusion can be applied in the commercialization. The international community attached great importance and a good many countries are in the development of their unique materials. Low-activation ferritic / martensitic steel (Reduced Activation Ferritic / Martensitic steels referred to RAFM) was widely considered as the best choice of the structural materials for fusion demonstration reactor and fusion power reactor in the future, the most representative ones of which are F82H and Eurofer97 steels. Our country began the corresponding study in 2001 and our results are significant. We have developed CLAM steel that is used for the fusion with independent intellectual property rights.
The main contents of this article are research the influence of heat treatment process to the tensile properties of two kinds of new RAFM steels which are melted by vacuum induction melting(VIM)+electroslag remelting (ESR), analysis the change of microstructures and properties.
Firstly, this subject has studied out the effects of the heat treatment process on the new RAFM steels, such as quenching temperature, tempering temperature, tempering time, tempering cooling medium after tempering and a series of quenching and tempering on the tensile properties and microstructures of the steels. So to seek for the best heat treatment process, and fully enhance the strength and plastic, attain the optimized suitability of the strength and plastic. It was shown that the best heat treatment process was quenching in the water after 0.5 hour at 980℃, then tempering in the air after 2 hours at 760℃, and the properties of 9Cr-0.11V steel was better than 9Cr0.08V steel. The optimal comprehensive mechanical property indexes as the tensile strength 699MPa, elongate ratio31% and cut constriction ratio 69%.
Secondly, evaluated the type and content of non-metallic inclusions of the new RAFM steel, analyzed the influence factors to structures and properties by optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy. Obtained by electroslag remelting smelting, the new RAFM steel contains few non-metallic inclusions, and the distribution is uniform. After heat treatment, the microstructure of new RAFM steel is martensite, dislocations and carbon and nitrogen compounds are the main factors to enhance the mechanical properties, which mainly M23C6 type carbide, been to EDX analysis of that specific composition is (Cr_(0.75)Mn_(0.02)W_(0.23))23C6, along with a small amount of hexagonal system of Cr_7C_3, Mn_7C_3 and tetragonal crystal system Fe3C, Mn3C, Cr3C2 carbides exist.
本课题的主要内容是研究热处理对用真空感应熔炼+电渣重熔工艺熔炼的两种新型RAFM钢力学性能的影响,分析组织与性能的变化。
首先,本课题研究了热处理工艺对两种新型RAFM钢的影响,包括淬火温度、回火温度、回火时间、回火后冷却介质和二次淬火与回火等因素对材料微观组织、力学性能的影响,从而探索最佳的热处理工艺,充分提高材料的强度和塑性,达到强度和塑性的最佳配合。研究表明,最佳热处理工艺为采用980℃保温0.5h水淬,然后采用760℃保温2h空冷回火,且9Cr0.11V钢性能优于9Cr0.08V钢。最佳的综合力学性能为抗拉强度699MPa,延伸率31%,断面收缩率69%。
其次,评价了新型RAFM钢中非金属夹杂的种类和含量,用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法分析了组织和性能的影响因素,得出采用电渣重熔工艺熔炼的新型RAFM钢中各类非金属夹杂含量很少,且分布较均匀。经过热处理后的新型RAFM钢组织为回火马氏体,位错和碳氮化物是增强其力学性能的主要因素,其中碳化物主要为M23C6型,经过EDX分析得出具体的组成为(Cr_(0.75)Mn_(0.02)W_(0.23))23C6,同时还有少量六方晶系的Cr_7C_3、Mn_7C_3和正方晶系的Fe_3C、Mn_3C、Cr_3C_2型碳化物的存在。
The structural materials of Fusion reactor is one of the keys for whether a fusion can be applied in the commercialization. The international community attached great importance and a good many countries are in the development of their unique materials. Low-activation ferritic / martensitic steel (Reduced Activation Ferritic / Martensitic steels referred to RAFM) was widely considered as the best choice of the structural materials for fusion demonstration reactor and fusion power reactor in the future, the most representative ones of which are F82H and Eurofer97 steels. Our country began the corresponding study in 2001 and our results are significant. We have developed CLAM steel that is used for the fusion with independent intellectual property rights.
The main contents of this article are research the influence of heat treatment process to the tensile properties of two kinds of new RAFM steels which are melted by vacuum induction melting(VIM)+electroslag remelting (ESR), analysis the change of microstructures and properties.
Firstly, this subject has studied out the effects of the heat treatment process on the new RAFM steels, such as quenching temperature, tempering temperature, tempering time, tempering cooling medium after tempering and a series of quenching and tempering on the tensile properties and microstructures of the steels. So to seek for the best heat treatment process, and fully enhance the strength and plastic, attain the optimized suitability of the strength and plastic. It was shown that the best heat treatment process was quenching in the water after 0.5 hour at 980℃, then tempering in the air after 2 hours at 760℃, and the properties of 9Cr-0.11V steel was better than 9Cr0.08V steel. The optimal comprehensive mechanical property indexes as the tensile strength 699MPa, elongate ratio31% and cut constriction ratio 69%.
Secondly, evaluated the type and content of non-metallic inclusions of the new RAFM steel, analyzed the influence factors to structures and properties by optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy. Obtained by electroslag remelting smelting, the new RAFM steel contains few non-metallic inclusions, and the distribution is uniform. After heat treatment, the microstructure of new RAFM steel is martensite, dislocations and carbon and nitrogen compounds are the main factors to enhance the mechanical properties, which mainly M23C6 type carbide, been to EDX analysis of that specific composition is (Cr_(0.75)Mn_(0.02)W_(0.23))23C6, along with a small amount of hexagonal system of Cr_7C_3, Mn_7C_3 and tetragonal crystal system Fe3C, Mn3C, Cr3C2 carbides exist.
引文
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