有机/无机簇合物发光材料和新型空穴传输材料的设计、合成及其器件的研制
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摘要
自从1987年美国C．W．Tang和VanSlyke对有机电致发光器件(Organic Light Emitting Diodes，OLEDs)完成的开创性工作以来，有机电致发光器件被认为是继阴极射线显示器件(CRT)、液晶显示屏(LCD)、等离子显示器件(PDP)之后的新一代显示器件。与其它显示器相比，OLED具有发光效率高、颜色选择范围宽、超薄膜、重量轻、驱动电压低等优点，因此OLED成为当今国际平板显示技术研究的热点之一。经过几十年的发展，无论是材料的开发还是器件的工艺都已取得非常显著的成绩，其中绿色发光材料及器件已经达到实用化。但是，目前有机电致发光材料和器件方面仍然有很多不足之处，例如红光材料的效率和色纯度还不够理想，蓝光材料和器件的效率和寿命仍然较低，电子传输材料的电子迁移率需要数量级幅度的提高，空穴迁移率与电子迁移率相差悬殊等。
在三基色有机电致发光材料中，红光材料无论是色纯度、亮度以及效率，都远远落在后面，造成这种状况的原因之一是红光材料的浓度淬灭效应。基于这种情况，我们选取了发红光的吡啶盐阳离子与大尺寸的阴离子簇复合得到有机／无机簇合物，目的就是通过较大尺寸的阴离子簇拉大对发光起主要作用的阳离子间距，使得在高浓度或固体薄膜状态下，阳离子之间的相互作用减弱，非辐射能量失活过程减小，克服或者削弱浓度淬灭效应。实验表明本文合成的有机／无机簇合物的固态荧光比复合前强很多，说明通过引进较大尺寸的阴离子能够克服或者削弱浓度淬灭效应，探索了减小红光材料浓度淬灭的新途径。
鉴于该系列簇合物的固态荧光较强，我们制备了由该系列簇合物为发光层的电致发光器件，这些器件都能够发射纯正的红光，半峰宽在80nm左右，适合显示技术的需要。但器件的性能不是很好，可能的原因之一是薄膜质量和器件结构没有达到最佳。另外可能的原因是该系列簇合物是一种盐，既含有阳离子又含有阴离子，在发光过程中离子与空穴或者电子复合，致使大量的空穴和电子被消耗掉而没有产生有效的激子。对器件结构的优化及该系列簇合物的改进正在进一步的研究中。
Since the reports of C.W. Tang and VanSlyke in 1987, organic light emitting diodes have become a new and fascinating area of research. The advantages of organic light emitting diodes over other displays are high luminescence efficiency, wider selection of emission colors, super thin film, light weight, lower driving voltage. Since then, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) become one of the hotspots in the flat panel display.
The past decades have seen great progress both in materials development and device fabrication techniques and green light-emitting materials have already been achieved with high brightness and efficiency. However, there are still many bottlenecks: The problems of the low efficiency and poor color purity for red-emitting materials and devices still remain. The efficiency and durability of blue-emitting ones are far from the practical application. The electron transport mobility of the present electron transporting materials is a factor of three orders of magnitude lower than the hole drift mobility.
For full-color displays, efficient three primary colors, i.e. blue, green and red, are required. Red light-emitting materials, which fully meet the requirements for commercial application, are scarce because of the concentration-quenching problem. So we report the synthesis and structure of organic/inorganic clusters formed by linking Zn-S or Cd-S clusters with dye molecules. The basic idea is that the large cluster anion can separate the dye molecules more effectively. So, considering the influence of the spacer, quenching of dye molecules can be reduced significantly and fluorescence can be enhanced. And substituting for the halide atom may also enhance fluorescence. From experiments we can find that the emission intensity from organic/inorganic clusters was larger than that of the iodide analogue.
So the salts were used as a rare host emitter in non-doped red OLEDs. The devices based on them emit in the red region with a maximum wavelength of 630 nm and the emission peak was so narrow that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is only
在三基色有机电致发光材料中，红光材料无论是色纯度、亮度以及效率，都远远落在后面，造成这种状况的原因之一是红光材料的浓度淬灭效应。基于这种情况，我们选取了发红光的吡啶盐阳离子与大尺寸的阴离子簇复合得到有机／无机簇合物，目的就是通过较大尺寸的阴离子簇拉大对发光起主要作用的阳离子间距，使得在高浓度或固体薄膜状态下，阳离子之间的相互作用减弱，非辐射能量失活过程减小，克服或者削弱浓度淬灭效应。实验表明本文合成的有机／无机簇合物的固态荧光比复合前强很多，说明通过引进较大尺寸的阴离子能够克服或者削弱浓度淬灭效应，探索了减小红光材料浓度淬灭的新途径。
鉴于该系列簇合物的固态荧光较强，我们制备了由该系列簇合物为发光层的电致发光器件，这些器件都能够发射纯正的红光，半峰宽在80nm左右，适合显示技术的需要。但器件的性能不是很好，可能的原因之一是薄膜质量和器件结构没有达到最佳。另外可能的原因是该系列簇合物是一种盐，既含有阳离子又含有阴离子，在发光过程中离子与空穴或者电子复合，致使大量的空穴和电子被消耗掉而没有产生有效的激子。对器件结构的优化及该系列簇合物的改进正在进一步的研究中。
Since the reports of C.W. Tang and VanSlyke in 1987, organic light emitting diodes have become a new and fascinating area of research. The advantages of organic light emitting diodes over other displays are high luminescence efficiency, wider selection of emission colors, super thin film, light weight, lower driving voltage. Since then, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) become one of the hotspots in the flat panel display.
The past decades have seen great progress both in materials development and device fabrication techniques and green light-emitting materials have already been achieved with high brightness and efficiency. However, there are still many bottlenecks: The problems of the low efficiency and poor color purity for red-emitting materials and devices still remain. The efficiency and durability of blue-emitting ones are far from the practical application. The electron transport mobility of the present electron transporting materials is a factor of three orders of magnitude lower than the hole drift mobility.
For full-color displays, efficient three primary colors, i.e. blue, green and red, are required. Red light-emitting materials, which fully meet the requirements for commercial application, are scarce because of the concentration-quenching problem. So we report the synthesis and structure of organic/inorganic clusters formed by linking Zn-S or Cd-S clusters with dye molecules. The basic idea is that the large cluster anion can separate the dye molecules more effectively. So, considering the influence of the spacer, quenching of dye molecules can be reduced significantly and fluorescence can be enhanced. And substituting for the halide atom may also enhance fluorescence. From experiments we can find that the emission intensity from organic/inorganic clusters was larger than that of the iodide analogue.
So the salts were used as a rare host emitter in non-doped red OLEDs. The devices based on them emit in the red region with a maximum wavelength of 630 nm and the emission peak was so narrow that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is only
引文
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